• 미생물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1976

19 pesticides including 12 insecticides, 2 herbicides and 5 fungicides have been tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome system. It was found that insecticides, DDVP, Trichlorfon, Sumithion, Naled, fungicide, TMTD and herbicide NIP induced base substitute mutation and herbicide MO frameshift mutation. Mutagenicity of Sumithion and NIP was appeared only after rat microsomal enzyme activation and that of TMTD was increased after the microsomal enzyme activation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 1991

Salmonella/microsome assay system을 이용하여 N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)의 돌연변이유발성을 검토하는 효과적인 방법과 비타민 C가 NDMA자체의 돌연변이유발과 nitrite와 2급아민으로부터의 NDMA 생성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. NDMA를 활성화시키기 위한 S9중 Aroclor1254로 induce시킨 hamster S9이 가장 효과가 있었으며 Aroclor 1254나 phenobarbital로 induce시킨 rat 59 mix에 의하여서는 활성화가 약하였다. DMSO와 ethanol에 NDMA를 녹였을 때는 돌연변이유발실험에서 저해효과가 나타났으나 phosphate buffer(pH 7. 4), 증류수, 95% methanol, Tween 80 + water(l : 4)는 저해 효과가 없었다. 비타민 C는 이미 생성환 NDMA에 대해서는 돌연변이 유발저해 효과를 나타내지 않았지만 nitrite와 2급 아민(dimethylamine)으로 부터의 NDMA 생성은 크게 저해하였다. 반응물에 비타민C를 첨가한 경우 Salmonella typhimurium TAl00의 revertant 수가 spontaneous숫자 수준으로 감소되었으며 HPLC를 이용한 NDMA의 분석에서도 거의 95% 까지의 정량적인 감소를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm(Bombyx moril L.) powder on oxidative stress and membrane fluidity in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in cholesterol levels of brain memberanes by administration of silkworm powder (SWP). Membrane fluidities were significantly increased(21.5% and 30.8%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between brain microsomes could not obtained. Basal oxygen radicals (BORs) in brain mitochondria and mircrosomes were significantly inhibited(8.5% and 16.5%, 16.8%and 24.8%, respectively) by SWP-200 and SEP-400 groups compared with control group. Induced oxygen radicals(IORs) in brain mitochondria were significantly inhibited(16.6% and 21.4%, respectively)by sWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but IOR in brain microsome were significantly inhibited about 16.0% by SWP-400 groups only compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreaed(14.8%and 22.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups compared with control group, but LPO level was significantly decreased about 16.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only. Oxidized protein(OP) levels were remarkably decreased(about 14.8% and 16.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but OP level was significantly decreased about 13.0% in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group, Theses results suggest that administration of in brain microsome of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. These results suggest that administration of SWP may play effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity in brain membranes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2005

It is known that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) shows a dual effect, prooxidant or antioxidant, depending on the do-sage or physiological status of animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of DHEA administration at low dose on lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and fatty acid composition in liver. Sprague Dawley male rats were fed either com oil diet containing $15\%$ com oil or fish oil diet containing $2\%$ corn oil + $13\%$ sardine oil, with or without $0.2\%$ DHEA for 9 weeks. Atherogenic index and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by DHEA administration in rats fed with fish oil diet. Hepatic lipid peroxide product (TBARS) and protein carbonyl levels were significantly higher in rats fed with fish oil diet than in rats fed with corn oil diet. However, DHEA administration significantly reduced the hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene levels in rats fed with fish oil diet. Contents of C16 : 0, C16 : 1, C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 in hepatic microsome were higher in rats fed with fish oil diet than in rats fed with corn oil diet, and contents of C18 : 2 and C20 : 4 were lower than in rats fed with com oil diet. DHEA administration significantly increased C16 : 0 and C18 : 3 contents and reduced C18 : 2 content in rats fed with com oil diet, while it increased C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 and reduced C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 in rats fed with fish oil diet. On overall, DHEA administration increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) and reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in hepatic microsome, thereby PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced without the change of n-3/n-6 ratio. Taken together, low dose of DHEA administration lowered PUFA/SFA ratio in hepatic microsomal membranes and also showed antioxidative effect especially in fish oil-induced highly oxidative stress condition through blocking increases of C20 : 5 and C22 : 6 contents.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2004

The effects of membrane lipid peroxidation and retinyl palmitate on rat liver microsomal functions were investigated in vitro. Rat liver homogenates exposed to oxygen tension for 0, 3, 6, 9 or12 hours and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated by the measurements of fluorescence intensity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and retinyl palmitate. The fluorescence intensity of homogenates and microsomes were elevated and retinyl palmitate concentrations were decreased. But the concentration of MDA was not affected to exposure time. Therefore, fluorescence intensity and retinyl palmitate concentration were used to analyze the correlation between lipid peroxidation and microsomal functions. To investigate the liver microsomal functions, the microsome was isolated from rat liver homogenates exposed to oxygen. The concentration of cytochrome P450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in liver microsomes were gradually decreased with increasing the exposure time. The correlation between fluorescence intensity of microsomes showed a very high inverse correlation of -0.97 and -0.93, respectively. The decrease of cytochrome P450 concentration was due to the regeneration of cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420. Also, the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent aminopyrine demethylase and benzpyrene hydroxylase of liver microsomes were gradually decreased with increasing the exposure time. The correlation with fluorescence intensity of microsome showed a high inverse correlation of -0.97 and -0.91, respectively. The retinyl palmitate concentrations of rat liver homogenates were decreased with increasing the exposure time. The decrease of retinyl palmitate concentration was followed by a low concentration of cytochrome P450 and activity of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. The correlation indicated high direct correlation of 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. The decrease of retinyl palmitate concentration was also accompanied by the reduction of aminopyrine demethylase and benzpyrene hydroxylase activities. The correlation was analyzed a high direct correlation of 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. In conclusion, these studies have shown that the membrane lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome proportionally decreased microsomal enzyme activities in vitro experiments.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2000

유백피의 천연항산화제로서의 이용성을 검토하기 위하여 각종 용매로 유백피 추출물을 제조하여 lard emulsion에 첨가하여 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 항산화 활성을 비교하고 항산화 활성이 우수한 추출물을 용매별로 분획하여 항산화 활성, 분획물의 첨가농도의 결정 및 기질특이성을 측정하였다. 또한 생체내에서도 분획물의 항산화 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 흰쥐 간 micmsome 을 사용하여 유도된 지질 과산화 반응에 대한 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 유백피의 추출물은 물추출물에서 가장 강력한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 물추출물의 용매분획별 항산화 활성은 ethyl acetate 분획에서 가장 높았으며 ethyl acetate 분획물 0.05%(w/w) 첨가는 합성 항산화제인 BHA(0.01%, w/w)와 비슷한 항산화 활성이었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물 0.05%(w/w)는 돈지, 대두유, 팜유 및 옥수수유에서도 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 간 microsome 분획을 이용한 지질 과산화 억제 효과는 비효소적 지질 과산화 검정계인 Fe$^{++}$ascorbate system과 효소적 지질 과산화 검정계인 Fe$^{++}$-ADP/NADPH system 모두에서 ethyl acetate 분획물 첨가가 caffeic acid보다 강한 억제율을 보였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2001

대두 발효 식품의 항산화 활서을 알아보기 위하여 in vitro와 in vivo에서 과산화 지질의 생성 억제와 항산화 관련 효소인 superoxide dismutae(SOD), catalase및 glu-tathion perosidase 활성을 증강시키는 실험을 실시하였다. In vitro 실험에서 항산화 활성을 실험한 결과 대두 발효식품은 POV와 관산화 지질의 생성을 유의성있게 억제시켰으며, quercetin과 catechin와 비교와 결과 SOD 활성은 상당히 높았다. 그리고 대두 발효 식품은 SD계 수컷 쥐에 2주간 사료에 첨가하여 먹인 후 항산화 활성을 측정한결과, 대두 발효식품을 쥐에 투여하여 사염화 탄소($CCl_4$)로 손상을 유도시킨 뒤 쥐의 간 microsome의 지질 과산화를 유의성 있게 억제 시켰다. 항산화 관련 효소인 SOD, catalase 및 glu-tathion perosidase 활성은 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 지질 과산화도 억제시켰다. 따라서 대두 발효 식품은 산화 스트레스로 생성되는 활성 산소의 소거에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1967

The present investigation was initially undertaken to see if there exists $Na^+-K^+$ activated ATPase in the microsome fraction of the kidney. Having confirmed the presence of such an enzyme, further attempts have been made to characterize its nature and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The ATPase activity was greatest at the $Na^+$ concentration of 100 mM as well as at $K^+$ concentration of 10 mM. Moreover, the ATPase activity was found to be depressed by $Ca^{++}$ in the presence of $Mg^{++}$. (2) While the ATPase activity was depressed by Ouabain, the magnitude of inhibition was greater in the Na medium than in the K medium. (3) NaCN augmented the ATPase activity whereas NaF and IAA depressed it. On the other hand, DNP had little influence on the ATPase activity. (4) Diamox, vasopressin and aldosterone had no effect while $HgCl_2$ markedly depressed the ATPase activity These findings indicate that the nature of ATPase isolated from the microsome fraction of the rabbit kidney is quite similar to that from other organs such as the heart and the muscle, although there are certain features specific to the type of organs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on microsomal phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$ activity and the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in hearts of microwave exposed rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10$ g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three microwave exposed groups. The microwave exposed groups were subdivided into three groups: catechin free diet (MW) group, 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C group and 0.5% catechin (MW-0.5C) group according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. Rats were sacrificed $6^{th}$ day after microwave irradiations (2.45 GHz, 15 min). The heart microsome $PLA_2$ activity in the MW group was 130% greater than that of normal groups, whereas there was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.25C, MW-0.5C group. The per- centage phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) hydrolyzed in the heart microsome in the MW was increased 54% by microwave irra- diation, whereas there was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.5C group. The percentage phosphatidyl choline (PC) hydrolyzed in the heart microsome in the MW group was increased by 104% and by microwave irradiation, whereas there was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.5C group. The formation of thromboxane $A_2(TXA_2)$ in the heart microsome was 70% greater in the MW group than in the normal group. However, the MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group maintained the normal level. The formation of prostacyclin ($PGI_2$) in the heart microsome was 21% lower in the MW group than in the normal group, while that of MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group were maintained in the normal group. The heart microsomal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations, as an index of lipid peroxide, were 71% greater in the MW group, as compared with normal group. However, the MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group were 4.6% and 9.2% lower, respectively, than that of MW group. In conclusion, heart function appeared to be improved by green tea catechin supplementation due to its antithrombus action, which in return controls the AA cascade system.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.162-162
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• 2002