• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1987

생체내 부정적 영향을 미치는 물질로 알려진 과산화지질의 생성을 억제하는 물질로서 지질대사 개선작용, 간보호작용, 혈소판응집능 억제작용 등 생체내 지질과산화 현상과 밀접한 상관성을 가지고 있을 것으로 사료되는 일련의 생리활성이 확인되었으나 아직 항 과산화지질 활성이 검토 보고된 바 없는 Brazilin 및 그 hydroxy 유도체인 hematoxylin을 대상으로 생체내 지질과산화 유도제로 $CCl_4$와 ethanol을 사용하여 지질과산화 억제효능 및 in vitro에서의 효소적, 비효소적 지질과산화에 대한 억제효능을 검토하였다. Brazilin 및 hematoxylin이 $CCl_4$로 유도된 과산화지질의 억제효과를 보면 간 homogenate에서 각각 90%, 94%, mitochondria 분획에서 각각 68%, 82%, microsome 분획에서 각각 65%, 81%의 억제효과를 보였다. 이에 반해 혈장에서의 억제효과는 각각 37%, 68%로 간에서 낮은 억제효과를 나타내었으나 이 두 물질은 간 뿐만 아니라 혈장에서도 과산화지질 억제효과가 유의성 있게 나타났다. Ethanol로 유도된 과산화지질의 억제효과를 보면 간 homogenate에서 각각 93%, 99.8%, mitochondria 분획에서 각각 74%, 98%, microsome 분획의 경우 각각 70%, 94%의 효과를 보였다. 이에 반해 혈장에서의 억제효과는 Brazilin 및 Hematoxylin이 각각 43%, 80%로 나타났다. 간조직중에서는 Brazilin과 Hematoxylin이 유사한 수준의 지질과산화 억제활성을 나타내고 있으나 혈장 과산화지질치는 현저한 차이를 나타내고 있어 Brazilin과 Hematoxylin은 간으로부터 혈액중으로의 지질의 방출에 상이한 정도로 영향을 미치거나 순환지질 기질의 보호에 의한 지질과산화 억제효과에 차가 있거나 혹은 두 가지 인자의 복합적인 작용에 의한 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 세포하수준에서의 항 지질과산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 실시한 간 misosome 및 mitochondria 분획에 대해 검토해 본 결과 양분획 모두에서 Hematoxylin이 Brazilin보다 강한 항산화 활성을 나타내었고 저지율은 양분획에서 유사한 수준이었다. Brazilin 및 hematoxylin이 효소적 지질과산화 반응인 NADPH 유도 지질과산화 반응에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 Brazilin의 경우 88.5%, Hematoxylin의 경우 91.0% 억제효과를 나타내었고 비효소적 지질과산화 반응인 ascorbate 유도 지질과산화 반응에서도 Brazilin이 75.7%, Hematoxylin이 81.9%의 지질과산화 억제효과를 나타내었다. 위의 결과에서 지질과산화 억제효과는 주로 자체의 항산화 작용에 의하나 microsome 약물대사활성에 의한 효소적 과산화 현상에도 억제작용이 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1973

During the last decade extensive studios on catecholamines have evolved new knowledge in the physiology and biochemistry of adrenergic mechanism. Cardiac muscle, receiving adrenergic fibres from the stellate, cervical and thoracic ganglia, has been repeatedly shown to have a specific capacity to uptake and to store catecholamines. The catecholamine stores in cardiac muscle have also been shown to be important sites for the action of numerous drugs. Under normal condition, a certain level of catecholamines is maintained in the stores and serves as the basis for studying the changes in the catecholamine content of the heart. Because myocardial catecholamines play such important role in the patho-physiology of the heart, it would be interesting to compare the normal level of myocardial catecholamines among various species of animals. An occasional study has dealt with myocardial catecholamines of several species add ages of animals but these have been insufficiently comprehensive to afford a basis for an understanding of the importance of these amines as related to species and ages. The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not there is any significance of myocardial catecholamines in the course of the evolution and development of animals. Seasonal changes, sex difference and regional and subcellular distribution of myocardial catecholamines were also examined. The concentration of cardiac catecholamines was determined by the spectrophotofluorometric procedure described by Shore and Olin. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. As animals phylogenetically progressed larger amounts of catecholamines were resent in their hearts. A negligibly small amount of catecholamine was present in the hearts of the clam, a non-vertebrate. Among the vertebrates, cold-blooded animals (snake, turtle, frog, eel and fish) had less myocardial catecholamines than warm-blooded animals, of which aves (fowl and duck) had less than mammalia (cat, dog, rabbit, rat, cow and pig). The ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine also was greater as the animals progress phylogenetically. 2. Examination of the regional distribution of cardiac catecholamines in warm-blooded animals showed that the content of the auricle was generally higher than that of the septum and considerably than that of the ventricle, but the differences of contents among these regions were not so marked. 3. In the embryonic chick, cardiac catecholamines were firstly detected on the 4th day of incubation, the time before the cardiac innervation of sympathetic nerves. The concentrations of these catecholamines increased but not markedly on the 6th day of incubation, soon after the innervation of sympathetic nerves to the heart. The level of the cardiac catecholamines fluctuated throughout the remainder of embryonic development. 4. In newborn rat hearts, a considerable amount of catecholamines was present. With the development of the rats, the concentrations of myocardial catecholamines increased. The ratio of epinephrine and norepinephrine fluctuated within the range of 40 to 60 pervent. However, as development progressed, the percentage of norepinephrine continued to rise, attaining the adult value of $80{\sim}90%$ after $45{\sim}60$ days. In contrast, the total amount of epinephrine remained fairly constant throughout the animal's development. 5. No significant sexual differences were observed in the concentration of myocardial catecholamines in the developing rat. 6. The catecholamines in the rabbit hearts increased during the summer season (from May to August) and maintained a fairly constant level in the other seasons of the year. 7. The subcellular distribution of cardiac catecholamines was examined by differential centrifugation of homogenates of cardiac muscles in rabbits, cats and rats. The catecholamines were found to be present approximately 20% in particles of mitochondrial fraction, 45% in particles of microsomal fraction and 35% in soluble supernatant fraction. The particle containing catecholamines in cardiac muscle appears to be two different sizes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

Objective : This study was undertaker to determine if Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture (JSA) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function in rabbits with mercury-induced acute renal failure. Methods : Nephrotoxicity was induced by subcutaneous administration of Hg(a single dose of 10mg/kg) and JSA was performed at both sides of Shenshu($(BL_{23})$, Sinsu) for 7 days. Results: The administration of Hg at a subcutaneous single dose of 10 mg/kg caused a reduction in GFR to 12% of the basal value and an increase in fractional $Na^+$ excretion to 8.9-fold, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When JSA were given for 7 days prior to Hg administration, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased to approximately 102- and 35-fold, respectively, in rabbits treated with Hg alone. The increase in rabbits treated with Hg following ISA are significantly lower than that in animals treated with Hg alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane and $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$ activity in microsomal fraction were inhibited in rabbits treated with Hg alone, suggesting that impairment in proximal reabsorption of glucose and phosphate is resulted from a direct damage of membrane transport carriers and disruption of the normal $Na^+$ gradient. Such changes were prevented by JSA. Conclusion These results indicate that the administration of Hg causes impairment in reabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species. JSA provides the protection against the Hg-induced impairment in proximal reabsorption, and its effect may be resulted from its antioxidant action.