• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2007

Background and Objective：A post-operative hypertrophic scar of the anterior neck is the leading complaint of the patients who underwent conventional thyroid surgery. In order to minimize the post-operative scar of the anterior neck, we performed thyroidectomy via axillary approach using operating microscope and a specialized retractor to determine technical feasibility. Patients and Methods：From January 2005 to December 2006, we performed thyroidectomy via axillary approach under operating microscope(f=400mm, ${\times}2.5$；OPMI $pico^{(R)}$；Zeiss, Germany) for benign unilateral nodule in 25 cases(all female, average age 34.5yrs). Under general anesthesia less than 7cm of skin incision was made in the axilla of ipsilateral side. A subcutaneous tunnel went over the pectoralis major muscle and the clavicle, and then through the sternocleidomastoid muscle and sternothyroid muscle was excised. The area around the thyroid was sufficiently dissected, and then a retractor designed for exposure via axillary approach was placed within the tunnel and under operating microscope thyroidectomy was performed. Results：There were 17 cases of thyroid nodulectomy and 8 cases of subtotal lobectomy. The mean average operative time was 102.64minutes. Postoperative complications included one case of postoperative bleeding, one case of temporary vocal cord paralysis, two cases of delayed wound healing, two cases of paresthesia of shoulder and arm, and two cases of hypertrophic scar of the axilla. Postoperative histopathology includes 17 cases of adenomatous hyperplasia, six cases of cyst, and two cases of follicular adenoma. For all cases hospitalization period was two days. Conclusion：Thyroidectomy via axillary approach under operating microscope has a good cosmetic advantage without a post-operative scar of the anterior neck. The procedure is simple due to direct vision using operating microscope, easy to identify important structures by magnifying them, and therefore surgical time can be reduced.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 1995

미나리의 체세포 배발생 과정을 해부학적으로 구명하기 위하여 배발생 기원세포와 캘러스를 광학현미경 및 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 배발생 세포는 hematoxylin에 짙은 보라색으로, 비배발생 세포는 safranin에 적색으로 염색되어 광학현미경하에서 쉽게 구별할 수 있었다. 배발생 캘러스는 많은 수의 원배 및 발육중인 배, 비배발생 세포 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 체세포 배발생은 발육 중인 배나 세포괴의 표피세포에 위치한 배발생 세포의 하나가 분열하거나 세포괴내의 비배발생 세포속에 묻혀 있는 배발생 세포가 분열하여 일어났다. 배발생 과정은 항상 일정한 형태는 아니지만 단세포로부터 일정한 segmentation 과정를 거쳐서 배발생이 진행되는 것으로 나타났다. 투과전자현미경에 의한 관찰에서 배발생 세포는 비배발생 세포에 비하여 세포질이 조밀하고 핵이 대형이며 amyloplast, 인지질체 및 세포소기 관들이 많으며 액포가 없거나 매우 작았다. 이들 세포들은 두터운 세포벽에 의하여 주위의 비배발생 세포와 분리되어 있으며 세포윤곽은 둥글었다. 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 배발생캘러스는 외부가 그물이 씌워진 형태의 구형의 다양한 크기의 배들과 비교적 크기가 큰 비배발생 세포들이 혼재하였다. 한편 비배발생능 캘러스는 구성세포가 크고 외부에는 gelatin같은 물질로 덮여 있었다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1996년도 Advance Program of 13th optics andquantum Electronics conference, 1996제13 회 광학 및 양자전자 학술 발표회 논문 요약집
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• pp.84-84
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• 1996

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2008년도 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.303-304
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• 2008

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국현미경학회 1998년도 제29차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.32-33
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• 1998

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1972

There are many kinds of microscopes suitable for general studies; optical microscopes(OM), conventional transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and scanning electron microscopes(SEM). The optical microscopes and the conventional transmission electron microscopes are very familiar. The images of these microscopes are directly formed on an image plane with one or more image forming lenses. On the other hand, the image of the scanning electron microscope is formed on a fluorescent screen of a cathode ray tube using a scanning system similar to television technique. In this paper, the features and some applications of the scanning electron microscope will be discussed briefly. The recently available scanning electron microscope, combining a resolution of about $200{\AA}$ with great depth of field, is favorable when compared to the replica technique. It avoids the problem of specimen damage and the introduction of artifacts. In addition, it permits the examination of many samples that can not be replicated, and provides a broader range of information. The scanning electron microscope has found application in diverse fields of study including biology, chemistry, materials science, semiconductor technology, and many others. In scanning electron microscopy, the secondary electron method. the backscattererd electron method, and the electromotive force method are most widely used, and the transmitted electron method will become more useful. Change-over of magnification can be easily done by controlling the scanning width of the electron probe. It is possible. to continuously vary the magnification over the range from 100 times to 1.00,000 times without readjustment of focusing. Conclusion: With the development of a scanning. electron microscope, it is now possible to observe almost all-information produced through interactions between substances and electrons in the form of image. When the probe is properly focused on the specimen, changing magnification of specimen orientation does not require any change in focus. This is quite different from the conventional transmission electron microscope. It is worthwhile to note that the typical probe currents of $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-12}\;{\AA}$ are for below the $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-7}\;{\AA}$ of a conventional. transmission microscope. This reduces specimen contamination and specimen damage due to heatings. Outstanding features of the scanning electron microscope include the 'stereoscopic observation of a bulky or fiber specimen in high resolution' and 'observation of potential distribution and electromotive force in semiconductor devices'.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2005년도 제16회 정기총회 및 동계학술발표회
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• pp.264-265
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• 2005

In this paper the conceptual design and development of a compact vertical type soft x-ray microscope is described. This x-ray microscope operates in the water window wavelength region(2.3 ${\sim}$ 4.4nm), where natural contrast between carbon(protein) and oxygen(water) allows imaging of unstained biological material their natural, hydrated environment. Until now, operational x-ray microscopes are based on synchrotron radiation sources, which limit their accessibility. Many biologists would benefit from having the x-ray microscope as a tool among other tools in their own laboratory, For this purpose we introduced the compact vertical type soft X-ray microscope with 50 nm resolution for biomedical application. The compact vertical type soft x-ray microscope is based on a laser plasma x-ray source, doubled ellipsoidal condenser reflective optics, diffractive zone plate optics and MCP coupled with CCD to record an x-ray image.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2005

The Z-plasty has been known as a most common surgical treatment of congenital circumferential constriction band syndrome of the hand. There were thirteen patients of congenital circumferential constriction band syndrome of the hand. All patients underwent Z-plasty under microscope. we did microsurgical dissection to minimize vascular, neural and lymphatic injury, and then considering secondary correction and scar contracture, tried to preserve as much subcutaneous fat and skin flap as possible without any excision. There were less skin necrosis and lymphedema as a result of vascular compromise. Using microscope offers several advantages. First, preventing vascular, neural and lymphatic injury. Second, getting an accurate suture approximation. finally, preserving as much subcutaneous fat and skin flap as possible without any excision. The outcome of digit growth and contour can be excellent than we expected. As a results, we believe that correction of congenital circumferential constriction band syndrome of the hand under the microscope have better results.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2003

Ultrasonic microscope has been used to detect the defects on surface or inner solid. Conventionally, it has used at a single operating frequency. The resolution and quality of the measured images are determined by a characteristic of the transducer of the ultrasonic microscope. The conventional ultrasonic microscope has been used envelope detector to detect the amplitude of reflected signal, but the changes in amplitude is not sensitive enough for specimen with microstructure that in phase. In this paper, we have studied multi-frequency depth resolution enhancement with ultrasonic reflection microscope for the reflectors of a stainless steel reference specimen and a reference calibration block to be used as the material in nuclear power plants for ISI, PSI. Increased depth resolution can be obtained by taking two, three-dimensional images at more that one frequency and numerically combining the results. As results of the experiment, we could get enhanced images with the rate of contrast in proportion and high quality signal distribution for the image to the changing rate of depth for the reflectors of the two kinds of specimens.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2016

Aloe vera has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry for its therapeutic properties. However, there are not many current studies on the microstructure of A. vera compared to studies on the chemical constituents and health efficacy of A. vera. Therefore, we compared the morphology of an A. vera leaf using an optical microscope, a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a cryo-SEM. Especially, this study focused on observing the gel in the inner leaf of A. vera, which is challenging using standard imaging techniques. We found that cryo-SEM is most suitable method for the observation of highly hydrated biomaterials such as A. vera without removing moisture in samples. In addition, we found the optimal analytical conditions of cryo-SEM. The sublimation conditions of $-100^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes possibly enable the surface of the inner leaf of A. vera to be observed in their "near life-like" state with retaining moisture. The experiment was repeated with A. arborescens and A. saponaria to confirm the feasibility of the conditions. The results of this study can be applied towards the basic research of aloe and further extend previous knowledge about the surface structures of the various succulent plants.