• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic characteristics of Korean Native Pigs(KNP), and to establish an individual identification system comprising many microsatellite markers located on different pig autosomes. Genotype data from 13 microsatellites typed in 446 animals was used to determine the validation of a method of individual identification in 4 KNP. A total of 112 alleles of the 13 microsatellites were detected and average heterozygosities(polymorphic information content) ranged from 0.286(0.423) to 0.686(0.796) in this study. Comparing the pattern of allele frequency among the KNP, Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc breeds, there was specific differentiation between populations at multi-allelic loci. The cumulative power of discrimination(CPD) was 99.999% by including 10 microsatellite loci for the individual identification system. The probability that two different individuals incidentally have same genotype was estimated to be $0.36{\times}10^{-9}$. The system employing these 10 markers therefore proved to be applicable to the individual identification of KNP.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.699-705
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristic and to establish the parentage verification system of the Korean native horse(KNH). A total number of 192 horses from six horse breeds including the KNH were genotyped using 17 microsatellite loci. This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 to 10 with a mean value of 7.35 in KNH. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity were ranged from 0.387 to 0.841(mean 0.702) and from 0.429 to 0.905(mean 0.703), respectively. The total exclusion probability of 17 microsatellite loci was 0.9999. Of the 17 markers, AHT4, AHT5, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20 marker have relatively high PIC value(>0.7). This study found that there were specific alleles, P allele at AHT5, Q allele and R allele at ASB23, H allele at CA425, S allele at HMS3, J allele at HTG10 and J allele at LEX3 marker in KNH when compared with other horse populations. Also, the results showed two distinct clusters: the Korean native horse cluster(Korean native horse, Mongolian horse), and the European cluster(Jeju racing horse, Thoroughbred horse). These results present basic information for detecting the genetic markers of the KNH, and has high potential for parentage verification and individual identification of the KNH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2016

The genetic relationships between different populations and breeds of exotic dairy goats in Thailand were studied using 12 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were obtained from 211 goats from Department of Livestock Development breeding and research farms: 29 Anglonubian (AN), 21 Alpine (AP), 23 Jamunapari (JAM), 50 Saanen (SN), and 88 Toggenburg (TG). Five of the 12 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic. A mean of 7.40 alleles per locus was found, with a range from 5 (SPS115 and ETH225) to 11 (TGLA122). We found 24, 27, 19, 32, and 24 alleles in the AN, AP, JAM, SN, and TG breeds, respectively; 37 alleles were present in all breeds. The mean number of alleles in each population ranged from 3.2 (ETH225 locus) to 7.6 (TGLA122 locus). Genetic variability within the breeds was moderate as evidenced by the mean expected heterozygosity of 0.539. The average observed heterozygosity across the 5 markers in all breeds was 0.529 with the maximum observed at the BM1818 locus (0.772) and the minimum at the ETH225 locus (0.248). The observed and expected heterozygosity for all breeds for the 5 microsatellite markers ranged from 0.419 to 0.772 and 0.227 to 0.792, respectively. On the basis of their means, the TGLA122 and BM1818 loci were the most suitable markers for distinguishing genetic diversity among the goats. The estimated average $F_{is}$ value for the breeds ranged from -0.044 (ETH225) to 0.180 (SPS115), while the estimated average $F_{st}$ value ranged from 0.021 (SPS115) to 0.104 (ETH10). These results indicated that TGLA122 and BM1818 markers are suitable to be used for aiding conservation and breeding improvement strategies of dairy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.301-304
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• 2008

Microsatellites, short tandem repeats, are useful markers for genetic analysis because of their high frequency of occurrence over the genome, high information content due to variable repeat lengths, and ease of typing. To establish a panel of microsatellite markers useful for genetic studies of the Korean population, the allele frequencies and heterozygosities of 207 microsatellite markers in 119 unrelated Korean, Indian and Pakistani individuals were compared. The average heterozygosity of the Korean population was 0.71, similar to that of the Indian and Pakistani populations. More than 80% of the markers showed heterozygosity of over 0.6 and were valuable as genetic markers for genome-wide screening for disease susceptibility loci in these populations. To identify the allelic distributions of the multilocus genetic data from these microsatellite markers, the population structures were assessed by clustering. These markers supported, with the most probability, three clustering groups corresponding to the three geographical populations. When we assumed only two hypothetical clusters (K), the Korean population was separate from the others, suggesting a relatively deep divergence of the Korean population. The present 207 microsatellite markers appear to reflect the historical and geographical origins of the different populations as well as displaying a similar degree of variation to that seen in previously published genetic data. Thus, these markers will be useful as a reference for human genetic studies on Asians.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.784-788
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• 2006

Microsatellite polymorphism and the genetic relationship were estimated using genotype information of 305 horses from 11 microsatellite loci. The breeds include the indigenous Korean breeds, Korean native horse (102) and Jeju racing horse (56) together with Japan Hokkaido horse (5), Mongolian horse (19), Thoroughbred horse (108), Quarter horse (11) and Przewalskii horse (4). Allelic frequencies, the number of alleles per locus were estimated by direct counting from observed genotype, and genetic variability was computed using the CERVUX software and DISPAN. The number of alleles per locus varied from 6 (HMS6) to 18 (ASB17) with an average value of 10.45 in horse breeds. The expected total heterozygosity ($H_T$) and coefficient of gene differentiation ($G_{ST}$) ranged 0.764-0.921 (the average value was 0.830) and 0.102-0.266 (the average value was 0.180) in horse breeds, respectively. Four populations (Przewalskii horse, Japan Hokkaido horse, Quarter horse, Thoroughbred horse) showed lower heterozygosity than the average value (the average value was 0.710). The expected heterozygosity within breed ($H_S$) and mean no. of observed alleles ranged from $0.636{\pm}0.064$ (Japan Hokkaido horse) to $0.809{\pm}0.019$ (Mongolian horse), and from 2.73 (Przewalskii horse) to 8.27 (Korean native horse), respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.490 (Przewalskii horse) to 0.761 (Mongolian horse) with an average value of 0.637 in horse breeds. The results showed three distinct clusters with high bootstrap support: the Korean native horse cluster (Korean native horse, Mongolian horse), the European cluster (Przewalskii horse, Thoroughbred horse), and other horse cluster (Jeju racing horse, Japan Hokkaido horse, and Quarter horse). A relatively high bootstrap value was observed for the Korean native horse cluster and European cluster (87%), and the Korean native horse and Mongolian horse (82%). Microsatellite polymorphism data were shown to be useful for estimating the genetic relationship between Korean native horse and other horse breeds, and also be applied for parentage testing in those horse breeds.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.469-479
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• 2019

Plasmodium vivax is usually considered morbidity in endemic areas of Asia, Central and South America, and some part of Africa. In Thailand, previous studies indicated the genetic diversity of P. vivax in malaria-endemic regions such as the western part of Thailand bordering with Myanmar. The objective of the study is to investigate the genetic diversity of P. vivax circulating in Southern Thailand by using 3 antigenic markers and 8 microsatellite markers. Dried blood spots were collected from Chumphon, Phang Nga, Ranong and, Surat Thani provinces of Thailand. By PCR, 3 distinct sizes of $PvMSP3{\alpha}$, 2 sizes of $PvMSP3{\beta}$ and 2 sizes of PvMSP1 F2 were detected based on the length of PCR products, respectively. PCR/RFLP analyses of these antigen genes revealed high levels of genetic diversity. The genotyping of 8 microsatellite loci showed high genetic diversity as indicated by high alleles per locus and high expected heterozygosity ($H_E$). The genotyping markers also showed multiple-clones of infection. Mixed genotypes were detected in 4.8% of $PvMSP3{\alpha}$, 29.1% in $PvMSP3{\beta}$ and 55.3% of microsatellite markers. These results showed that there was high genetic diversity of P. vivax isolated from Southern Thailand, indicating that the genetic diversity of P. vivax in this region was comparable to those observed other areas of Thailand.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2007

To facilitate breeding of lines with either the Ppd-D1a or ppd-d1a, we screened 342 $F_2$ progenies from a cross between Laura (photoperiod insensitive, Ppd-D1a) spring wheat and SWP5304 (photoperiod sensitive, ppd-d1a) for their time to heading under 10 hour day length, and with a set of 37 microsatellite primers previously mapped to chromosome 2D. Bulk segregant analysis was used to identify tow linked microsatellite loci. The Ppd-D1a locus was flanked by Xgwm484 with 13.7 cM distance and Xgwm455 with 27 cM. These markers may be useful in selection of the desired photoperiod sensitivity in segregating populations grown in Northern latitude.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

We used nine microsatellite DNA markers to estimate genetic variation among wild and cultured populations of the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi. The loci were polymorphic, with 6-32 alleles, and allelic richness ranged from 6.0 to 26.1 in each population. The wild and the cultured populations had similar mean heterozygosities ($H_O$ and $H_E$), allele numbers, and allelic richness. One cultured population with softness syndrome had a lower mean in the observed heterozygosity ($H_O$ = 0.57) and higher mean inbreeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$ = 0.261) than any other populations. This suggests that the loss of genetic variation in the diseased population might be due to increased inbreeding. A neighbor-joining tree and pairwise population estimates of $F_{ST}$ showed moderate genetic differentiation between the wild and the cultured populations. Additionally, the softness syndrome population was genetically divergent from wild populations, but it was genetically close to the cultured populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1102-1106
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• 2009

The Tibetan Mastiff is one of the most archaic, ferocious and the largest dogs in the world. The Kunming dog is the chief working-dog breed in China. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in six dog breeds, including Tibetan Mastiff, Kunming dog, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, and German Shepherd. The highest genetic diversity was exhibited by the Tibetan Mastiff, indicating useful protection and little inbreeding in the modern Tibetan Mastiff. Higher genetic diversity was observed in European breeds, supporting the hypotheses that breeders outcross their pure breed dogs occasionally to avoid deleterious effects in Europe. Evolutionary relationships showed that English Springer Spaniel and Labrador Retriever were clustered together, then with the Tibetan Mastiff, consistent with previous cluster results. German Shepherd and Kunming dog were grouped together, coinciding with the breeding history of Kunming dog. It is the first time that Tibetan Mastiff and Kunming dog have been analyzed with microsatellites.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.466-470
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• 2008

Microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai collected from six locations (Uljin, Ulsan, Daechon, Taean, Wando, and Yosu) where hatchery-produced abalone have been released intensively. There was no distinguishable difference in the observed and expected heterozygosities between the six populations and a cultured population. However, there was a difference in the number of alleles per locus: 12.8 for the cultured population and 13.8 to 15.8 for the six populations. The proportion of stocked abalone ranged from 41.1 to 92.7% for wild-caught populations with a decreasing tendency of alleles per locus for an increasing proportion of stocked abalone. A departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) assessed using the Markov chain procedure (P<0.05) was observed in the six populations and cultured population at loci Hdh145 and Hdh5l2. The pairwise Fst test (P<0.05) showed a significant difference between the Uljin and Ulsan populations and four remaining populations (Wando, Daechon, Yosu, and the cultured population), among which the Wando population differed less than the other three populations (Daechon, Yosu, and the cultured population).