• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-116
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• 2002

There are several purpose to introduce microorganism into the Soil. The major purpose is to promote plant growth and inhibit plant pathogens. The model example is to put in nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, Pythium and Rhizobium. In order to achieve the intended goal, the introduced microorganism should survive and colonize with sufficient density. The survival of introduced microorganism depend upon biotic and abiotic factors. Predation and competition are important among biotic factor. Water tension, organic carbon, inorganic nutrients(N, P), pH are important factor among abiootic factor. Soil texture and distribution of soil pore are also important in the survival and colonization of introduced microorganism. Selection by soil ecosystem for inoculant is a crucial factor for colonization. Good example are control of autochtonous microorganism and the introduction of surfactant biodegrading Pseudomonas. Sometimes, carriers such as peat and montmorillonite can be added to help colonization. Carriers can protect introduced microorganism by supplying protective microhabitat. Organic polymer is also used as a carrier to immobilize bacteria or industrial enzymes. Examples of these carrier are calcium alginate, agarose and k-carrageenan. The function of these carrier is to provide microhabitat and help colonization for introduced microorganism.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of polymer coating on the initial microorganism attachment and the biofilm growth. Such as nonion(polyacrylamine), anion(CMC-Na) and cation polymer coagulant(chitosan and PEI) were used for coating material of the support carrier(acryl plate). When polymer coagulant was coated with 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l on the surface of acryl plate, initial microorganism attachment increased and optimum concentration for the attachment was 35 mg/l. Biofilm growth experiments were conducted with the substrate loading of 12.7gSCOD/$m^2\cdot$ day using RBC. The polymer coagulants such as CMC-Na, polyacrylamide, PEI and chitosan coating on the acryl plate facilitated the biofilm growth of microorganisms. Until the biofilm dry weight grows up to 0. 0038g/cm$^2$, biofilm growth on the plate coated with cation polymer like chitosan was better than that on the coated plate of nonion(polyacrylamine), anion(CMC-Na) polymer coagulant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.126.1-126
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• 2003

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2008

The present study was to investigate the continuous production of alcohol using immobilized carrier manufactured by polymeric materials. Fermentation runs with a crushed rice, with constituents recovered from batch culture and with ones from continuous culture were thus compared. The performances of immobilized carrier were governed by sandwitched synthetic polymers, the evolution of the continuous culture was steadily governed by the production of alcohol in the lag time of batch culture. The main focus was set on the enhancement of the alcohol production by an newly-developed polymeric forms. This polymeric form led to a drastic increase of the microorganism and the production cost in the continuous reactor was thereby reduced. The sandwitched polymeric-formed carrier, which was resistant to external environments, serves as an interesting alternative to maintain the stability of biological process. These whole results were discussed with the aim to better understand the continuous process implied in the microorganism's build-up during cultivation of fermentation broth.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 2015

In this study, we have developed a microbe-carrier that combined Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and zeolite for removal of Zn and As in contaminated seawater. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, one of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) microorganism was exhibited stable growth characteristics in highly salted water and strong resistance to Zn and As contaminated seawater. Moreover, zeolites are one of the most useful carrier to remove heavy metals from wastewaters. The results showed that SRB immobilized zeolite carrier can enhance removal ratio of Zn and As. In addition, heavy metals tended to be better removed in medium at conditions of $37^{\circ}C$. In case of heavy metal concentration, they were effectively removed ranging from 50 to 100 ppm. These results show that SRB-zeolite carriers hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater in marine environment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Simultaneous removal of ternary gases of $NH_3$, $H_2S$ and toluene in a contaminated air stream was investigated over 180 days in a biofilter. A commercially available inorganic/polymeric composite chip with a large void volume (bed porosity > 0.80) was used as a microbial support. Multiple microorganisms including Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor for nitrogen removal, Thiobacillus thioparus (ATCC 23645) for $H_2S$ removal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692), Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17484) and Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 23973) for toluene removal were used simultaneously. The empty bed residence time (EBRT) ranged from 60 - 120 seconds and the inlet feed concentration was $0.0325\;g/m^3-0.0651\;g/m^3$ for $NH_3$, $0.0636\;g/m^3-0.141\;g/m^3$ for $H_2S$, and $0.0918\;g/m^3-0.383\;g/m^3$ for toluene, respectively. The observed removal efficiency was 2% - 98% for $NH_3$, 2% - 100% for $H^2S$, and 2% - 80% for toluene, respectively. Maximum elimination capacity was about $2.7\;g/m^3$/hr for $NH_3$, > $6.4\;g/m^3$/hr for $H_2S$ and $4.0\;g/m^3$/hr for toluene, respectively. The inorganic/polymeric composite carrier required 40 - 80 days of wetting time for biofilm formation due to the hydrophobic nature of the carrier. Once the surface of the carrier was completely wetted, the microbial activity became stable. During the long-term operation, pressure drop was negligible because the void volume of the carrier was two times higher than the conventional packing materials.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.62-67
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• 2024

In this paper, we developed and optimized a chitosan-based polymer microbial bead carrier that is cell-friendly, has a high moisture absorption rate, and effectively provides the conditions for microbial biomineral formation as an optimal microbial carrier that protects microorganisms in concrete, and evaluated the self-healing performance of mortar using it. In order to incorporate circular-shaped microbial endospores, a circular-shaped microbial bead carrier was developed by combining chitosan and alginate polymers, and the amount of calcium carbonate produced could be actively controlled by adjusting the composition of the carrier. The amount of biominerals formed and the size of crystals were maximized in the hydrogel bead carrier containing chitosan, and in the case of mortar cracks using this, it was confirmed that self-healing of cracks with a maximum crack width of 0.3mm was achieved within 96 hours after crack generation.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1994

Forth microbial isolates out of 167 isolates from the soil of controlled cultivation areas inhibited mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 causing the strawberry bud rot in vitro. Among the isolates, Kr013 and Kr020 showed suppressive effect to R. solani AG2-1 on seedlings of chinese cabbage treated by root immersion, charcoal carrier granule and drenching on 1.0% infested soil in pot. Furthemore, the corresponding effect was also revealed when the charcoal carrier granule of the isolates were treated on the seedling of strawberry that were planted on the planting hole in pot. To examine the effects of biological control in green house, it had been tested the infection rates by using two different treatments. First, the strawberry runner were planted on the nursery soil mixed with 20% charcoal carrier granule of Kr013 and Kr020 isolate respectively, and grown for 20 days before transplanting. Then the young plants form the mother plant were separated and transplanted on the 1.0% infested soil. Another method was that the charcoal carrier of Kr013 and Kr020 isolates applied to planting hole of 1.0% infested soil just before transplanting. Then the young plants were grown for 20 days on the sterilized nursery soil before transplanting. From the results, the effects of biological control was significantly higher on former treatment (e.g. the infection rates were 7.3 and 5.7%, respectively) than on the latter treatment (e.g. the corresponding value were 16.7 and 15.7%, respectively). The antagonistic isolates of Kr013 and Kr020 were respectively identified as Pseudomonas cepacia with the similarity of 55.0% and 60.0% by using the Biolog GN Microplate system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2003

Porous ceramics for microoganism carriers were prepared with amorphous alumina and pore formers by hydrothermal reaction, burn-out and wash-out method. Activated carbon with average size of 67,222, and 405 $\mu\textrm{m}$, organic polymer and inorganic salt were used as pore formers. Specimens were hydrothermally treated at 200$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, heat-treated at 650$^{\circ}C$ for 5 h, and washed out at 80$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The formation of crystalline phase, porosity, pore size distribution and compressive strength were measured. The specimen with activated carbon was transformed to boehmite phase, but organic polymer and inorganic salt inhibited the aquohydroxoy complex gel and crystalline formation. The porous ceramics for microoganism carriers using activated carbon as a pore formers was successfully prepared, which is composed of ${\gamma}$-alumina phase with porosity of above 70 vol% and the compressive strength of 40 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2018

The properties of concrete with addition of microgel - containing hydrogel support were investigated. As a result of measuring the slump of the self - healing concrete, the target slump was satisfied in all the mixing conditions, but the slump was decreased as the mixing amount of the hydrogel support increased. The change of porosity due to incorporation of hydrogel support was minimal. As a result of the evaluation of the compressive strength of the self - healing concrete, the incorporation of the hydrogel support did not affect the strength. However, under the same mixing condition, the dispersion value of the specimens tended to increase with increasing hydrogel support contents. As a result of the permeability test of self-healing concrete according to the incorporation of hydrogel support, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio of hydrogel support was effective to decrease the permeability coefficient.