• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.86-103
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze various Korean medical treatments on acne scar and to propose better methods on clinical studies and effective treatments. Methods : Key word 'Acne Scar', published year '2010-2018' were searched on three domestic database systems (RISS, KISS, NDSL). Results : Among 9 studies, 8 studies were case reports and 1 study was comparative study. The treatment used in 9 studies were acupuncture(Subcision, Microneedle Therapy System, laser), pharmacopuncture, external application, dermabrasion, high frequency therapy. 7 out of 9 studies used more than 2 different treatments. The most popular treatment method was 'subcision', followed by 'MTS'. The most popular methods of assessment was QGASC. All studies using assessment methods measuring the severity of acne scar reported improvement, though only 1 study was proved to be statistically different. 1 study reported the side effect, and other 4 studies reported flushing, itching, pain. Conclusions : This study shows the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on acne scar. It will be expected to use this various treatments and study methods for treating acne scar with Korean medicine, and conducting further clinical studies with higher credibility and reproducibility.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the heparin effect for a viability of random - pattern dorsal flap in hairless mouse. Methods: A caudally - based random dorsal flap, measuring $1.5{\times}5cm$, was designed and heparin was applied topically after microneeding. Twenty five male hairless mice were randomly divided into control (Group1, n=5); received only microneedling (Group 2, n=5), only heparin(Group3, n=5), microneedling with saline(Group 4, n=5), and microneedling with heparin group(group5,n=5) to the flap during 7 days. The number of the capillaries were compared between the experimental groups and control group with respect to neovascularization after heparin application using imaging analysis program under hematoxylin - eosin stain. The capillary blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. After seven days each animal was evaluated for the percentage area of the flap survival. Mann - Whitnety U test and Kruskal - Wallis statistical analysis of survival relationships was performed. Results: It can be observed increased number of the blood vessels in the experimental groups however it was not statistically significant. Blood flow of the haparin with microneedling group maintained higher than other experimental groups. Treated microneeding and heparin mice were significantly better flap viability than in controls (flap survival 67% and $54.4mm^2$ respectively; p<.01). Positive correlation was shown between flap survival rate and laser Doppler flux value only at first day after surgery. Conclusion: Heparin has a beneficial effect on capillary flow and improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in random pattern flaps.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.731-736
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• 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) high-aspect-ratio (HAR) microstructures for biomedical applications (e.g., microneedle, microadhesive, etc.) are microfabricated using the hybrid ultraviolet (UV) lithography in which inclined, rotational, and reverse-side UV exposure processes are combined together. The inclined and rotational UV exposure processes are intended to fabricate tapered axisymmetric HAR microstructures; the reverse-side UV exposure process is designed to sharpen the end tip of the microstructures by suppressing the UV reflection on a bottom substrate which is inevitable in conventional UV lithography. Hybrid UV lithography involves fabricating 3D HAR microstructures with an epoxy-based negative photoresist, SU-8, using our customized UV exposure system. The effects of hybrid UV lithography parameters on the geometry of the 3D HAR microstructures (aspect ratio, radius of curvature of the end tip, etc.) are measured. The dependence of the end-tip shape on SU-8 soft-baking condition is also discussed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Micro needle roller therapy has been used for cosmetic purposes, such as reducing skin winkles and improving elasticity of skin. It is claimed that micro needle roller therapy has potentials for connective tissue regeneration by facilitating collagen synthesis. Therefore, there seems to be a possibility that connective tissue regenerating potential of micro needle roller therapy could influence the hair growth cycle. This study, we investigated the hair growth-promoting effects of micro needle roller therapy. C57BL/6 mice were devided into three groups as follows: normal saline-treated, minoxidil-treated, and micro needle roller therapy-received group. Hair growth activity was evaluated by handscopic and microscopic observations. Sections of dorsal skin were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Expression of BrdU, FGF, and VEGF was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Micro needle roller therapy enhanced the development of hair follicle during anagen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that micro neeld roller therapy incresed the expression of BrdU and FGF in the hair follicles of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, micro needle roller therapy upregulated mRNA expression of VEGFR-2, FGF-2, EGF - growth factors that play a central role in hair follicle development during anagen. These results suggest that Micro needle roller therapy can potentially be used for the treatment of alopecia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

Objective : This study performed to evaluate that duration of acne scars effects on Qualitative Global Acne Scarring Grading System(QGASC) grade changing and treatment duration. Also this study performed to evaluate the relationship between dysmenorrhea and acne scars, and the effects of each treatment on treatment duration and Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS) and QGASC grade.Methods : 95 patients with acne scars were understood by medical records and case photos, and we evaluated pre and post acne scar grade based on KAGS and QGASC. We analyzed data by SPSS 22 for windows program, and figured out the relation between duration of acne and QGASC grade and treatment duration by Spearman correlation analysis, and performed Mann-Whitney U-test to figure out the relation between dysmenorrhea and QGASC grade. We performed Wilcoxon test to evaluate that treatment of acne scars effects on KAGS grade and QGASC grade, and performed Kruskal-Wallis test to figure out the difference of each treatment which effects on KAGS grade and QGASC grade, and performed Post-hoc analysis to figure out the group comparison.Results & Conclusions : QGASC grade depending on duration of acne was statistically significance. Subcision and Microneedle Therapy System(MTS) and pharmacopuncture were significantly improved acne scars. Other treatments were significantly more effective than subcision and pharmacopuncture combined treatment. Treatment duration of Subcision and MTS combined treatment was significantly most shortest than other treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1261-1266
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• 2009

The wrinkle is a typical sign showing aging. These days lots of people want to have a young and healthy appearance and many medical doctors are studying about wrinkle cure. In fact a young face without wrinkle looks more healthy and energetic. Therefore the wrinkle cure is important at the point of medical view. This research is an investigation of several studies about wrinkle cure using acupuncture needle. We have to consider the problem of the whole body which is related 12 meridians and meridian muscles as well as topical skin and tissues. There are three parts affecting wrinkle formation and cure. The first is a meridian and meridian muscle, the second is a local muscle and fascia on the head and neck, the third is a local skin structure. There are three kinds of method to cure the wrinkle locally. The first one is the perpendicular treatment of acupuncture, called the microneedle therapy, the process of this method is that lots of microneedles stab in the skin to dermis. The second one is the transverse treatment of acupuncture. The process of this method is that an acupuncture needle inserts just under the wrinkle skin. The third one is the incision treatment of acupuncture, called subcision, the process of this method is to cut the fibrous band which connect from the facial muscle to SMS(superficial musculoaponeurotic system) using cuttable needle. The hematoma after treatment let a collagen increase.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.556-561
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• 2021

Recently, iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as the subject of many studies on drug delivery system (DDS) due to their excellent magnetic properties and biocompatibility in response to external magnetic fields. In this study, hyaluronic acid-superparamagnetic microneedles (HA-SMNs) and carboxy methyl cellulose-superparamagnetic microneedles (CMC-SMNs) containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SIONs) were prepared with HA and CMC as a matrix materials of MNs (microneedles). Various properties of SMNs were then investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superconducting quantum interference device-vibrating sample magnetometer (SQUD-VSM), frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD), and polymer/bio membrane. The SQUID-VSM measurements showed superparamagnetism of HA-SMNs and CMC-SMNs containing SIONs. The FMMD results demonstrated that the signal intensity changed significantly as the concentration of SIONs increased. In addition, SMNs exhibited the average skin permeability intensities on the bio membrane for HA-SMNs and CMC-SMNs were 92.5 and 98.5%, respectively. These results suggested that SMNs could be utilized as deliver materials for a TDDS and MR molecular imaging.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

The ability of 3D/4D printing technology to create arbitrary 3D structures provides a greater degree of freedom in the design of printed structures. This capability has influenced the field of electronics and biomedical applications by enabling the trends of device miniaturization, customization, and personalization. Here, the current state-of-the-art knowledge of 3D printed electronics and biomedical applications with the unique and unusual properties enabled by 3D/4D printing is reviewed. Specifically, the review encompasses emerging areas involving recyclable and degradable electronics, metamaterial-based pressure sensor, fully printed portable photodetector, biocompatible and high-strength teeth, bioinspired microneedle, and transformable tube array for 3D cell culture and histology.