• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.767-772
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• 2006

유산균의 일종인 Lactobacillus sp.을 중심물질로 하고 그 바깥을 2중층으로 미세캡슐화하는 공정을 위한 최적 조건을 확립하였는데, [중심물질]과 [피복물질]의 혼합비율과 유화제 첨가농도, 2중층 유화계내의 2종류 유화제(PGPR/PSML)에 의한 상승효과, 분산액의 온도 및 분산액의 교반속도가 유산균함유 2중층 미세캡슐화 수율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. W/O형 및 W/O/W형 유화계내에서의 중심물질과 피복물질의 혼합비율과 유화제 첨가농도에 다른 최적조건을 탐색한 결과, Lactobacillus sp.(Cm)와 옥배경화유(Wm)와의 혼합비율이 [W/O형 Cm]:[W/O형 Wm]=3:2(w/w), 1.00%의 유화제(PGPR) 첨가농도에서 최대의 수율을 나타내었으며, 유산균을 옥배경화유가 단일층으로 둘러싼 W/O형 유화계와 다당류 호화액의 혼합비율 즉, [W/O/W형 중심물질, CM]:[W/O/W형 피복물질, WM]=1:3(w/w) 0.65%의 유화제(PSML) 농도에서 가장 높은 미세캡슐화 수율을 얻을 수 있은 것으로 판명되었다. 최종적으로, 유산균 2중층 미세캡슐화 공정을 위한 여러 가지 요인들 중 물리적인 조건의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 분산매의 온도가 10$^{\circ}C$이며, 미세캡슐을 함유하는 분산액 제조시의 교반정도가 270rpm일 때 2중 미세캡슐화의 가장 높은 수율을 확인 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of protein leaching to an external phase during an ethyl acetate-based, double emulsion microencapsulation process. An aqueous protein solution (lactoglobulin, lysozyme, or ribonuclease; $W_1$) was emulsified in ethyl acetate containing poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide 75:25. The $W_1/O$ emulsion was transferred to a 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol solution saturated with ethyl acetate $(W_2)$. After the double emulsion was stirred for 5, 15, 30, or 45 min, additional 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol $(W_3)$ was quickly added into the emulsion. This so-called quenching step helped convert emulsion microdroplets into microspheres. After 2-hr stirring, microspheres were collected and dried. The degree of protein leaching to $W_2$ and/or $W_3$ phase was monitored during the microencapsulation process. In a separate, comparative experiment, the profile of protein leaching to an external phase was investigated during the conventional methylene chloride-based microencapsulation process. When ethyl acetate was used as a dispersed solvent, proteins continued diffusing to the $W_2$ phase, as stirring went on. Therefore, the timing of ethyl acetate quenching played an important role in determining the degree of protein microencapsulation efficiency. For example, when quenching was peformed after 5-min stirring of the primary $W_1/O$ emulsion, the encapsulation efficiencies of lactoglobulin and ribonuclease were $55.1{\pm}4.2\;and\;45.3{\pm}7.6%$, respectively. In contrast, when quenching was carried out in 45 min, their respective encapsulation efficiencies were $39.6{\pm}3.2\;and\;29.9{\pm}11.2%$. By sharp contrast, different results were attained with the methylene-chloride based process: up to 2 hr-stirring of the primary and double emulsions, less than 5% of a protein appeared in $W_2$. Afterwards, it started to partition from $W_1\;to\;W_2/W_3$, and such a tendency was affected by the amount of PLGA75:25 used to make microspheres. Different solvent properties (e.g., water miscibility) and their effect on microsphere hardening were to be held answerable for such marked differences observed with the two microencapsulation processes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2002

생체내에서 각종 생리활성이 있는 양파유의 기능성 및 저장성 향상을 위하여 agar와 gelatin이 혼합되어 있는 물질을 피복물질로 사용하여 양파유(중심물질)를 미세하게 캡슐화하는 작업을 수행하였으며, 먼저 양파유 미세캡슐화 수율을 예민하게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 ethyl acetate 추출 및 gas chromatography 기술을 사용하여 확립하였다. 확립된 미세캡슐화 수율 측정법을 사용하여 양파유 미세캡슐화를 위한 제반 공정조건들, 즉 [중심물질, Cm] : [피복물질, Wm]의 비율($X_1$), 분산액의 온도($X_2,\;^{\circ}C$), 분산액내의 detergent 농도($X_3$, %(w/v)), 유화체의 농도($X_4$, %(w/w)) 등의 최적화를 수행하였으며, 공정 최적화를 위해서는 반응표면분석법(response surface methodology, RSM)을 이용하였다. RSREG 처리 결과, 4가지 독립변수가 각각 변화함에 따른 미세캡슐화 수율(Y, %)에 대한 회귀식은 $Y=97.028571-0.775000(X_1)-0.746726(X_1){\cdot}(X_1)-1.100000(X_3){\cdot}(X_2)$으로 표현되었으며, 반응표면분석 결과 양파유 미세캡슐화를 위한 최적화 조건으로서 [중심물질, Cm] : [피복물질, Wm]의 비율은 4.5 : 5.5(w/w), 분산액의 온도는 $17.1^{\circ}C$, 분산액내 detergent농도는 0.037%(w/w), 유화제(sorbitan monolaurate, HLB 16.7)의 농도는 0.42%(w/w)인 것으로 판명되었으며(미세캡슐화 수율의 최대 예측값은 95.7%), 이상의 최적조건하에서 양파유 미세캡슐화를 실제 수행한 결과 96.2%의 미세캡슐화수율 실측값을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, RSM에 의하여 결정된 미세캡슐화 최적 조건은 ${\pm}5%$ 오차범위내에서의 높은 신뢰성을 갖는 것으로 판명되었으며, 실제 미세캡슐화 공정에 적용가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2001

A series of microcapsule were synthesized by using several PCM(Phase Change Material) as a core material and gelatin/arabic gum, melamine/formaldehyde as a shell material. Coacervation technique and in situ polymerization were adopted in synthesizing microcapsules. In the microencapsulation by coacervation, tetradecane and octadecane were used as core materials. In the microencapsulation by situ polymerization tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane were used as core material. The synthesized microcapsule was examined to observe the shape of the microcapsule. The particle size analysis was performed by particle size analyzer. The thermal properties(e.g. melting point, heat of melting, crystallization temperature, heat of crystallization, differences between melting point and crystallization temperature) were obtained by DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter). The stirring rate effect was investigated during the microencapsulation. It was found that with increasing the stirring rate much smaller microcapule was produced. However, this did not necessarily lead to formation of spherical microcapsule.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1252-1262
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• 2023

Objective: Microencapsulation technologies have been developed and successfully applied to protect the probiotic bacterial cells damaged by environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 on the growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, jejunal histomorphology and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds). Treatments included, i) a basal diet (NC), ii) NC + avilamycin (10 mg/kg) (PC), iii) NC + non-encapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg of diet) (N-LP), iv) NC + microencapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ CFU/kg of diet) (ME-LP). Results: Dietary supplementation of ME-LP improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas ME-LP did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. Both N-LP and ME-LP improved apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared with NC group (p<0.05). The broilers fed ME-LP supplemented diet exhibited a beneficial effect on jejunal histomorphology of villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of broilers compared to NC group (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (p<0.05) and Proteobacteria was decreased (p<0.05) only in the ME-LP group. At the genus level, the ME-LP diets increased (p<0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus compared to NC, PC, and N-LP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Microencapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics. ME-LP could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of cecal microbiota, gut integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broilers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1993

The microencapsulation of sodium naproxen with Eudragit. RS was studied by coacrtvation/phase separation process using Span 80 in mineral oil/acetone system. Various factors which affect the mciroencapsulation, e.g., stirring speed, and surfactant concentraction, Eudagit RS concentration and loading drug amounts were examined. For the evaluation of the prepared microcapsules, release rate, particle size distribution and surface appearance as well as in vivo test were carried out. The addition of n-hexane and freezing of microcapsules accelerated the hardening of microcapsules. The optimum concentration of Span 80 ti prepare the smallest microcapsules was the same value with the CMC of Span 80 in solvent system. When 1.5% (w/w) Span 80 was used, the smallest microcapsules were formed $(30.02\pm5.05\mu$ in diameter) belonging to the powder category showing smooth, round and uniform surface. The release of sodium naproxen was retarded by microencapsulation with Eudragit RS. The Eudragit RS microcapsules showed significantly increased AUC and MRT and deceased Cl/F in rabbits.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

The intestinal microbiota has been shown to have a vital role in various aspects of human health, and accumulating evidence has shown the beneficial effects of supplementation with bifidobacteria for the improvement of human health, ranging from protection against infection to various positive effects. However, maintaining bacterial cell viability during storage and gastrointestinal transit remains a challenge. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacterial cells provides protection against adverse conditions during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal passage. In this paper, we review the current knowledge, future prospects, and challenges of microencapsulation of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1989

For the prevention of the aggregation during microencapsulation, the effects and role of polyisobutylene(PIB), as a protective colloid, were studied. The effects of sealant treatment on the microencapsulation were studied. Methyldopa was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose (EC) by polymer deposition from cyclohexane by temperature change using PIB. The EC-microencapsulated methyldopa was sealed with spermaceti. The dissolution of methyldopa was influenced by the drug to wall ratio. When PIB was used, low aggregation of microcapsules occurred and the surface was smooth with a few pores. Treatment of microcapsules with spermaceti retarded the release of methyldopa, the release being affected by the percentage of sealant used and the particle size of the product.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.312-318
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• 1989

Microcapsule of Propranolol HCl with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) by coacervation-phase separation method was studied. Encapsulation was carried out in the CAP-liquid paraffin-acetone ethanol solvent system. The optimum weight ratio for microencapsulation in the CAP-liquid paraffin-solvent system was 1.32:89.18:9.50 or 1.65:89.42:8.93. The wall thickness of microcapsules increased according to increasing of CAP concentration, but dissolution rate decreased. The dissolution of propranolol-HCl in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid test solution was completed within 3 min., but T50% of propranolol HCl from 10.0% CAP-microcapsules were 390 min. and 210 min. respectively. The released amount from 12.5% CAP-microcapsules was 41.8% within 720 min. in simulatd gastric fluid test solution and T50% of those in simulated intestinal fluid test solution was 250 min.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.646-653
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• 2000

${\omega}3$계 고도불포화 지방산의 한 종류인 DHA(docosahexaenoic acid, $C_{22:6},\;{\omega}3$)를 함유하는 정제어유를 중심물질로 하고 agar와 waxy corn starch를 피복물질로하여 미세캡슐화 공정을 수행할 때 반응표면분석법(response surface methodology, RSM)을 이용하여 최적 조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 이때 정제어유 미세캡슐화의 수율을 정량화하기 위하여 5% cupric acetatepyridine 용액에 발색정도가 뛰어난 oleic acid를 정제 어유내에 20%(w/w) 농도로 첨가하여 중심물질로 사용하였다. 반응표면분석결과 최적화된 미세캡슐화 조건은 [중심물질, Cm]:[피복물질, Wm]의 비율 =4.9 : 5.1(w/w), 유화제(sorbitan monolaurate, H.L.B. 16.7)의 농도 = 0.48%(w/w), 분산매의 온도 = $19.4^{\circ}C$이었고, 실제 이 조건에서 99.9%의 수율을 보였다. 또한 최적 조건하에서 제조된 미세캡슐물질 저장을 위한 최적 온도 및 pH는 각각 $25{\circ}C$와 pH 7.0인 것으로 나타났으며, $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0의 분산매내에서 7일간 저장한 후에도 99%이상의 미세캡슐이 안정한 상태로 존재함을 확인하였다.