• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Objectives: To confirm microbiological change and cytoprotective effect of Samjung-hwan (SJH) which fermented by Lactic acid bacteria from natural fermented SJH. Methods: SJH was fermented by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from natural fermented SJH. After 1 week of fermentation, we analysed pH and microbial profiling. We also performed measuring total polyphenol total flavonoid contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity to investigate antioxidant ability. Cell viability was performed by using HepG2 cell. Results: pH of lactic acid bacteria inoculated group and non-inoculated group was decreased and total counts of lactic acid bateria for both group was increased after fermentation of SJH. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was increased in both group. Total polyphenol contents of lactic acid bacteria Inoculated group is more increased than non-inoculated group. HepG2 cell viability was increased in both group. Conclusions: SJH fermentd by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis shows change in microbiological character and has cytoprotective effect. Further studies are required for investigating function of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of SJH.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

This research was carried out to evaluate on microbiological (total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold) and physicochemical (color, firmness, water content, water activity and weight loss) characteristics of 10MeV electron-beam irradiated(0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3kGy) enoki mushroom during storage (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day) at 4℃ with 80% relative humidity. As compared to control, all irradiated samples exhibited dose-dependent decreases of microbial counts up to 28 days, and electron beam irradiation above 2 kGy kept below the microbiological safety threshold. Yellowness (b^*) which is associated with discoloration of mushrooms was significantly reduced by electron beam irradiation (2 kGy). Firmness, water content, water activity and weight loss showed no significant difference in all group up to 28 days. Thus, the appropriate electron-beam irradiation dose was confirmed as 2 kGy to inhibit the microbial growth and browning reaction in enoki mushroom.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1992

A prodrug of cefazolin pivaloyloxymethyl ester (CFZ-PV) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin (CFZ) with chloromethyl pivalate. The successful synthesis of CFZ-PV was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-PV is more lipophilic than CFZ. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of CFZ-PV and CFZ preparations were compared following oral administrations of these compounds to rabbits. The analysis of CFZ in plasma was conducted by HPLC method. The ester compound (prod rug) was not detected in plasma following oral administration of CFZ-PV, and although CFZ-PV had not microbiological activity in vitro, the plasma taken after CFZ-PV administration had microbiological activity. From above observations, it was noted that CFZ-PV is rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. And it was found that the oral absorption of CFZ-PV was increased, yielding 2-fold higher bioavailability than CFZ. From the results of this experiment, it was concluded that CFZ-PV could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the oral bioavailability of CFZ.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 1991.04a
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• pp.237-242
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• 1991

In order to increase the production of glutathione by maximizing the expression of recombinant gsh plasmids, two genes responsible for the biosynthesis of glutathione were cloned. A gshI gene was cloned onto pBR322 plasmid as 3.6Kb PstI DNA fragment from E. coli K-12 chromosomal DNA. Also gshII gene was cloned onto pUC13 plasmid as 2.2Kb PstI-BamHI DNA fragment. In order to improve the glutathione producing activity more efficiently, various recombinant plasmids containing tandem repeated gshI genes or both genes in various copy number onto the same vector were constructed. E. coli cells harboring pGH501 plasmid (pUC8-gshI$\cdot$I$\cdot$II) showed the highest glutathione synthesizing activity. The conditions for glutathione production with an ATP-generating system such as acetate kinase reaction of E. coli cells or glycolytic pathway of yeast cells were examined using the E. coli cells harboring the pGH501 plasmid. When the acetate kinase reaction of E. coli cells was used as an ATP generating system, 20mM of L-csteine was converted into glutathione with a yield of $100\%$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2008

Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans $MP^T$, a restricted facultative marine methylotrophic bacterium, was able to utilize methanol as a sole carbon and energy source, and possessed a methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) that is a key enzyme in the process of methanol oxidation. During purification of MDH, three types of MDH (MDH I, II, and III) were obtained in the cell free extracts from $MP^T$ cells grown on methanol. When analyzed by SDS-PAGE and ESI-FT ICR MS, MDH I was confirmed to consist of two subunits and with molecular masses of ~66 and ~10 kDa, respectively, in a form of ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$. While MDH II and MDH III contained an additional ~30 kDa protein, designated ${\gamma}$, in a form of ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}$ and ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}_2$, respectively. MDH III showed 1.5.2.0 times higher activity than MDH II, while MDH I remained the lowest activity. Based on these observations and experimental data, it seems that the original MDH conformation is ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}2$ within $MP^T$ growing on methanol, and subunit ${\gamma}$ keeps MDH in an active form, and/or makes MDH easily bind to the substrate, methanol.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1995

Ceftezole pivaloyloxymethyl ester(CFZ-PV) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of parent drug by esterification of ceftezole(CFZ) with chloromethyl pivalate. The successful synthesis of CFZ-PV was conformed by spectroscopic analysis. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-PV is more lipophillic than CFZ. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of CFZ-PV and CFZ were compared following oral administrations of these compounds to rabbits. The amount of CFZ in plasma was determined with an HPLC method. The ester compound (prodrug) was not detected in plasma following oral administration of CFZ-PV, and although CFZ-PV had not microbiological activity in vitro, the plasma taken after oral administration of CFZ-PV had microbiological activity. From above observations, it was noted that CFZ-PV is rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. And the oral absorption of CFZ-PV was increased by yielding 2-fold bioavailability rather than CFZ. Therefore, CFZ-PV could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the oral bioavailability of CFZ.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.16-25
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• 2001

A genomic library of biphenyl-degrading strain Comamonas sp. SMN4 was constructed by using the cosmid vector pWE15 and introduced into Escherichia coli. Of 1,000 recombinant clones tested, two clones that expressed 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity were found (named pNB 1 and pNB2). From pNB1 clone, subclone pNA210, demonstrated 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity, is isolated. 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (23DBDO, BphC) is an extradiol-type dioxygenase that involved in third step of biphenyl degradation pathway. The nucleotide sequence of the Comamonas sp. SMN4 gene bphC, which encodes 23DBDO, was cloned into a plasmid pQE30. The His-tagged 23DBDO produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli, SG 13009 (pREP4)(pNPC), and purified with a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin affinity column using the His-bind Qiagen system. The His-tagged 23DBDO construction was active. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified active 23DBDO gave a single band of 32 kDa; this is in agreement with the size of the bphC coding region. The 23DBDO exhibited maximum activity at pH 9.0. The CD data for the pHs, showed that this enzyme had a typical a-helical folding structures at neutral pHs ranged from pH 4.5 to pH 9.0. This structure maintained up to pH 10.5. However, this high stable folding strucure was converted to unfolded structure in acidic region (pH 2.5) or in high pH (pH 12.0). The result of CD spectra observed with pH effects on 23DBDO activity, suggested that charge transition by pH change have affected change of conformational structure for 23DBDO catalytic reaction. The $K_m$ for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, 3-metylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol and catechol was 11.7 $\mu$M, 24 $\mu$M, 50 mM and 625 $\mu$M.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.334-344
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics, and the antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504, of yogurt fermented with the lactic acid bacteria from Baikkimchi kept under cold storage. The viable cell counts, titratable acidity, viscosity, and total solid content of the yogurt were different according to the bacterial strains used for fermentation. There was no significant change (P>0.05) in the various properties of refrigerated yogurt. Among the tested strains, the strongest resistance against artificial gastric juice and bile salt was found for Lactobacillus brevis BK11 and Lactobacillus paracasei BK57. Due to high lactic acid levels obtained from these two lactic acid bacteria, yogurt may show good anti-Helicobacter effects according to the time-kill assay. In particular, yogurt fermented with L. brevis BK11 significantly reduced the number of H. pylori adhering to gastric epithelial AGS cells and the urease activity of this pathogen (P<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1591-1602
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• 2019

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential of paneer, a soft cheese supplemented with various water soluble date extracts during storage. Further, the whey obtained from all the paneer samples was also investigated for its antioxidant potential. Methods: The date cultivars were evaluated for their physico-chemical characteristics and date extracts were assessed for their antioxidant potential. Physico-chemical evaluation, microbiological quality and further antioxidant potential of the prepared paneer were carried out during storage period (0 to 8 days, $5^{\circ}C$). Results: All the date extracts were found to have considerable antioxidant activity due to presence of total phenolics and flavonoids. Owing to the presence of phenolics and flavoinds in date extracts, supplemented paneer showed higher trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, reducing power and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than control paneer. Paneer supplemented with Rabi extracts had the highest total phenolics ($190.7{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent/g paneer), DPPH radical scavenging activity ($928.1{\mu}mol$ equivalent of Trolx/g paneer) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ($9.2{\mu}mol$ equivalent of Trolx/g paneer). The whey obtained from control paneer showed lower values of total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and reducing power as compared to the values of whey obtained from paneer supplemented with date extracts. Conclusion: Paneer supplemented with date extracts and its whey may offer potent antioxidant activity.