• Title/Summary/Keyword: Microbial activity

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Selection and Antagonistic Mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis BK4 against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato (토마토시들음병의 생물학적 방제를 위한 토착길항세균 Bacillus thuringiensis BK4의 선발과 길항기작)

  • Jung Hee-Kyoung;Kim Jin-Rack;Kim Bo-Kum;Yu Tae-Shik;Kim Sang-Dal
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2005
  • In oder to select an antifungal substance-producing antagonistic bacterium against Fusarium oxysporum casuing fusarium wilt on tomato, strain BK4 was isolated from local soil of Gyeoungbuk and was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis by 16s rDNA analysis, biochemical test, and Mcirolog TM 3.0 System. The antibiotic of B. thuringiensis BK 4 was highly produced at $30^{\circ}C$ in nutrient broth (pH 9.0). The crude antibiotic was even stable at $121^{\circ}C$ and more stable at slight alkalic condition than acid condition. It was also remained $50{\%}$ activity at pH 3.0. B. thuringiensis BK4 showed the inhibition of spore germination and the biocontrol ability against F. oxysporum causing fusarium wilt of tomato in vivo test. According to these results, B. thuringiensis BK4 was enough to use with a microbial agent for biocontrol against fusarium wilt.

Psychobiotic Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics Originated from Thai Fermented Foods in a Rat Model

  • Luang-In, Vijitra;Katisart, Teeraporn;Konsue, Ampa;Nudmamud-Thanoi, Sutisa;Narbad, Arjan;Saengha, Worachot;Wangkahart, Eakapol;Pumriw, Supaporn;Samappito, Wannee;Ma, Nyuk Ling
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.40 no.6
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    • pp.1014-1032
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    • 2020
  • This work aimed to investigate the psychobiotic effects of six bacterial strains on the mind and behavior of male Wistar rats. The probiotic (PRO) group (n=7) were rats pre-treated with antibiotics for 7 days followed by 14-day probiotic administration, antibiotics (ANT) group (n=7) were rats treated with antibiotics for 21 days without probiotics. The control (CON) group (n=7) were rats that received sham treatment for 21 days. The six bacterial strains with probiotic properties were mostly isolated from Thai fermented foods; Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, Lactobacillus plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, Bifidobacterium adolescentis TBRC 7154 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375. The probiotics were freeze-dried into powder (6×109 CFU/5 g) and administered to the PRO group via oral gavage. Behavioral tests were performed. The PRO group displayed significantly reduced anxiety level and increased locomotor function using a marble burying test and open field test, respectively and significantly improved short-term memory performance using a novel object recognition test. Antibiotics significantly reduced microbial counts in rat feces in the ANT group by 100 fold compared to the PRO group. Probiotics significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in rat brains as assessed using catalase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Probiotics also showed neuroprotective effects with less pyknotic cells and lower frequency of vacuolization in cerebral cortex. This multi-strain probiotic formulation from Thai fermented foods may offer a potential to develop psychobiotic-rich functional foods to modulate human mind and behaviors.

Fusobacterium nucleatum modulates serum binding to Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm (Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm에 대한 면역혈청의 침투력에 대한 Fusobacterium nucleatum의 조절효과)

  • Choi, Jeom-Il;Kim, Sung-Jo;Kim, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.661-668
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    • 2001
  • Anti-P. gingivalis immune sera were obtained from mice immunized with either P. gingivalis alone, or F. nucleaturm followed by P. gingivalis. Two groups of immune sera were examined for binding capacity to P. gingivalis biofilm by confocal laser scanning microscope, Antibody avidity index was also determined for each immune sera. The results indicated that prior immunization of mice with F. nucleaturm impaired P. gingivalis-specific immune sera in binding capacity to biofilm and antibody avidity to P. gingivalis. Elevated antibody responses in patients with destructive periodontal disease has often been related to suboptimal level of protective antibody $(opsonophagocytosis)^{1-3)}$ while post-immune sera obtained with experimental animals using a single periodontal pathogen demonstrated satisfactory levels of protective function against the homologous bacterial $challenge^{4,5)}$.The reason is unclear why elevated IgG responses in periodontal patients to periodontal pathogens do not necessarily reflect their protective function. Such an immune deviation might be derived from the fact that destructive periodontal disease is cumulative result of immunopathologic processes responding to an array of different colonizing microorganisms sequentially infecting in the subgingival environmental niche. Fusobacterium nucleaturm is one of the key pathogens in gingivitis, in the transitional phase of conversion of gingivitis into destructive periodontitk, and in adult $periodontitis^{6-8)}$. It also plays a central role in coaggregation with other important microbial species in subgingival $area^{6,9,10)}$ as well as in $biofilm^{11)}$, especially with Porphyromonas gingjvalis in synergism of virulence in human periodontal disease or in animal $models^{12-14)}$. This organism has also been reported to have immune modulating activity for secondary immune response to Actinobacillus $actinomycetemcomitans^{15)}$. It is presumed that sequential colonization and intermicrobial coaggregation between intermediate and late colonizers could potentially modulate the immune responses and development of specific T cell phenotypes in periodontal lesions. We have recently demonstrated the skewed polarization of P. gingivalis-specific helper T cell clones in mice immunized with F. nucleaturm followed by P. $gingivalis.^{16)}$. Consequently F. nucleaturm may initially prime the immune cells and modify their responses to the successive organism, P. gingivalis. This could explain why one frequently observes non-protective serum antibodies to P. gingivalis in periodontal patients in contrast with those obtained from animals that were immunized with $P.gingivalis\;alone^{17)}$. The present study was performed to investigate the immune modulating effect of F. nucleatum on serum binding to experimental biofilms and the avidity of anti-P. gingivalis antibody.

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Biofilter Model for Robust Biofilter Design: 1. Adsorption Behavior of the Media of Biofilter (강인한 바이오필터설계를 위한 바이오필터모델: 1. 바이오필터 담체의 흡착거동)

  • Lee, Eun Ju;Seo, Kyo Seong;Jeon, Wui-Sook;Lim, Kwang-Hee
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2012
  • The adsorption and desorption behavior of biofilter-medium was investigated on the performance of an adsorption column. Continuous flow-isothermal adsorption experiments were performed to treat waste air containing such a VOC as ethanol under the same condition of > 90% relative humidity as the condition of the feed to a biofilter process. In case of feeding waste air containing ethanol of 1,000 ppmv (or 2,050 mg ethanol/$m^3$) to the adsorption system at the rate of 2 L/min, the onsets of its breakthrough and reaching the state of dynamic equilibrium at the exit had been delayed 10 and 3 times, respectively, later than those at the 1st stage sampling port. Moreover, in case of 2,000 ppmv (or 4,100 mg ethanol/$m^3$), they had been delayed 9 and 3 times, respectively. Thus, regardless of feeding concentration, the ratios of delaying period were observed to be quite consistent each other at the exit of the adsorption column. With regard to the period of desorption, the ratios of delaying period were consistent each other to be 1.5 for both cases. In addition, the effect of microbial activity and sterilization-process was studied on adsorption equilibrium. The ethanol concentration in the vapor phase of vials packed with sterilized granular activated carbon (GAC) was quite consistent to that with unsterilized GAC. However, the ethanol concentrations in the vapor phase of vials packed with unsterilized compost and the unsterilized mixture of GAC and compost were higher than those with sterilized compost and the sterilized mixture of GAC and compost, respectively.

Designed of rPP/d2w®/ZnO Nanocomposite Flexible Film for Food Packaging and Characterization on Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties (산화분해촉매를 함유한 rPP/ZnO 나노컴포지트 유연식품포장필름 제조 및 물성 특성 연구)

  • Lee, Jin-kyoung;Gil, Bo-min;Lee, Dong-jin;Lee, Ik-mo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2018
  • In this study, pro-oxidant($d2w^{(R)}$) and rPP/ZnO nanocomposite flexible films for food packaging were prepared, and their mechanical and antimicrobial properties were investigated. As a result, the carbonyl index and hydroxyl index increased with exposured time to heat and UV rays. Surface analysis showed that the addition of zinc oxide improved the dispersibility and compatibility of the polymer, so that the surface of the composite film was smooth and the zinc oxide particles were smaller than the compared film. And it kept the physical properties by heat and UV ray blocking effect, and it worked to reduce decomposition. In the antimicrobial activity test, the microbial reduction rate was 3 logs or more at the use concentration of zinc oxide. The tensile strength was increased and the elongation was decreased. Oxidative degradability of multi-layered film in UV exposured for 72 hours, the molecular weight of the film decreased by 75.6%, 1,294 g/mol Mn and 5,920 g/mol Mw. In the safety analysis of food packaging materials, we obtained that are in standard of polypropylene, a food contact material of domestic law.

Identification of the Marine Microorganisms Producing Bioactives -I. Isolation and Cultural Conditions of the Marine Actinomycetes No. 101 Producing Antimicrobial compounds- (생리활성물질을 생성하는 해양미생물의 동정 -I. 항미생물 물질을 생산하는 해양방선균 분리균주 No. 101의 분리 및 배양조건-)

  • CHOI Jong-Duck;PARK Uk-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 1993
  • Marine organisms were investigated to identify the marine actinomycetes that produced noble bioactive compounds. Microorganism counts range from $2.1{\times}10^3\;to\;1.2{\times}10\;CFU/g$ of marine organisms. Actinomycetes constituted 0.01 to $0.5\%$ of culturable microbial community. We identified the marine actinomycetes that produced novel bioactive compounds. During the course of screening for bioactives from the marine microorganisms, we found that the strain in sponge had antimicrobial activities. From the morphological, cultural and various physiological characteristics, this strain was identified for Actinomycetes No. 101. The optimal compositions of culture medium for Actinomycetes No. 101 were starch 30g/l as carbon source, casamino acid 10g/l as nitrogen source. The optimal pH of medium and fermentation temperature were $6.5{\sim}7.0$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Fermentation has been conducted in the marine broth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hour. The yield of fermentation got about 3g as dry weight(per liter of broth). The distribution of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes No. 101 was screened by paper disc. The extract of cultured cell and broth inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but the inhibition action was week against yeast and mold.

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Phylogenetic Diversity and Community Structure of Microbiome Isolated from Sargassum Horneri off the Jeju Island Coast (제주 연안의 괭생이모자반(Sargassum horneri)에서 분리된 세균의 계통학적 다양성 및 군집 구조 분석)

  • Moon, Kyung-Mi;Park, So-Hyun;Heo, Moon-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.10
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    • pp.1179-1185
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    • 2018
  • Recently, Sargassum horneri, the marine weed inhabiting the shoreline, beach, and littoral sea area, has caused serious damage to intensive aquaculture farms particularly those around Jeju Island, South Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of microorganisms in Sargassum horneri and to provide basic data on ecological problems by identifying microbial functions. A total of 88 isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum accounting for 88%, including class ${\alpha}-proteobacteria$, six genera, and ten species. The dominating genus, Pseudobacter, accounted for 40% in Pseudorhodobacter, 20% in Paracoccus, and the remaining at 10% each were Rhizobium, Albirhodobacter, Skermanella, and Novosphingobium. Class ${\beta}-proteobactera$ included five genera and ten species. Genus Hydrogenophaga accounted for 50%, while genus Azoarcus accounted for 20%, and the remaining Oxalicibacterium, Duganella, and Xenophilus were 10% each. Class ${\gamma}-proteobacteria$ with 13 genera and 57 species, accounted for 74% in phylum Proteobacteria, 23% in Shewanella, 19% in Cobetia, 12% in Pseudomonas, 4% each in Vibrio and Serratia, and 2% each in Rheinheimera, Raoultella, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, and Psychrobacter genera. In addition, Actinobacteria with two species of Nocardioides genera accounted for 50%, and Bacteroidetes accounted for 33%, with three genera and five species that included Lacihabitans and Mariniflexile. The remaining Dyadobacter, Cellulophaga, and Ferruginibacter genera each accounted for 11%.

Development of Composite Sensing Technology Using Internet of Things (IoT) for LID Facility Management (LID 시설 관리를 위한 사물인터넷(IoT) 활용 복합 센싱 적용기술 개발)

  • Lee, Seungjae;Jeon, Minsu;Lee, Jungmin;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.312-320
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    • 2020
  • Various LIDs with natural water circulation function are applied to reduce urban environmental problems and environmental impact of development projects. However, excessive Infiltration and evaporation of LID facilities dry the LID internal soil, thus reducing plant and microbial activity and reducing environmental re duction ability. The purpose of this study was to develop a real-time measurement system with complex sensors to derive the management plan of LID facilities. The test of measurable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) application was conducted in artificial wetlands shaped in acrylic boxes. The applied sensors were intended to be built at a low cost considering the distributed LID and were based on Arduino and Raspberry Pi, which are relatively inexpensive and commercialized. In addition, the goal was to develop complex sensor measurements to analyze the current state o f LID facilities and the effects of maintenance and abnormal weather conditions. Sensors are required to measure wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, carbon dioxide, Micro-dust, temperature and humidity, acidity, and location information in real time. Data collection devices, storage server programs, and operation programs for PC and mobile devices were developed to collect, transmit and check the results of measured data from applied sensors. The measurements obtained through each sensor are passed through the Wifi module to the management server and stored on the database server in real time. Analysis of the four-month measurement result values conducted in this study confirmed the stability and applicability of ICT technology application to LID facilities. Real-time measured values are found to be able to utilize big data to evaluate the functions of LID facilities and derive maintenance measures.

Characterization of Microbial Pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Soil Against Mosquito and Silkworm Larvae (II) (토양에서 분리한 살충성 Bacillus thuringiensis의 모기와 누에 유충에 대한 독성효과 (II))

  • Lee, Hyung-Hoan;Yoo, Bo-Rim;Kim, Young-Joo;Won, Nam-Hi;Kim, Hak-Chun
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 1993
  • Eight strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil in Korea and characterized. The isolates were named HL-24, HL-25, HL-33, HL-34, HL-35, HL-38, HL-39, HL-40. Strains HL-24 and HL-25 produced irregular parasporal crystals, HL-33 and HL-35 produced bipyramidal crystals, and others were round form in their cells. The biochemical characteristics of the eight isolates were only minor different in specific characteristics to the known serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis. The HL-25, HL-33 and HL-34 strains showed resistances to cephalothin, colistin and penicillin G, and HL-39 and HL-40 strains were resistant to penicilin G. The strains of HL-24, HL-25, HL-33 and HL-34 were toxic to Bombyx mori lavae and HL-24, HL-25, HL-38, HL-39 and HL-40 strains killed Culex pipiens 3rd instar larvae. The HL-24 and H25 strains showed lethal activity against two kinds of the larvae, however lethality against mosquito larvae was low.

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Developmemt of Rice Husk Pellets as Bio-filter Media of Bio Scrubber Odor Removal System (왕겨펠렛 생물담체 개발 및 이를 이용한 bio scrubber형 악취제거 시스템 성능평가)

  • Bae, Jiyeol;Han, Sangjong;Park, Ki Ho;Kim, Kwang-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.554-566
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    • 2018
  • The rice husk contains nutrients which can be easily utilized by microorganisms, and also has a water retaining ability, which played a crucial part in enabling it to become a biofilter media. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of rice husk pellet bio-scrubber as a microbiological carrier. The pelletization experiment of rice husk as a biological media was performed using PVA and EVA binder. Also, the feasibility tests of rice husk as a biological media for odor removal were carried out in order to know whether rice-husk contains useful components as a media for microbiological growth or not. Lastly, a combined test for odor gas absorption and biological oxidation was conducted using a lab scale bio-filter set-up packed with rice-husk pellets as wet-scrubber. The major components of the rice husk were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, while carbon acted as the main ingredient which comprised up to 23.00%. The C : N : P ratio was calculated as 45 : 1 : 2. Oxygen uptake rate, yield and decay rate of the rice husk eluent was calculated to be $0.0049mgO_2/L/sec$, 0.24 mgSS/mgCOD and 0.004 respectively. The most stable form of rice husk pellets was produced when the weight of the rice husk, EVAc, PVAc, and distilled water was 10 : 2 : 0.2 : 10. The prepared rice husk pellets had an apparent density of 368 g/L and a porosity of 59.00% upon filling. Dry rice husks showed high adsorption capacity for ammonia gas but low adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. The bio-filter odor removal column filled with rice husk pellets showed more than 99.50% removal efficiency for NH3 and H2S gas. Through the analysis of circulation water, the prime removal mechanism is assumed to be the dissolution by water, microbial nitrification, and sulfation. Finally, it was confirmed that the microorganisms could survive well on the rice husk pellets, which provided them a stable supply of nutrients for their activity in this long-term experiment. This adequate supply of nutrients from the rice husk enabled high removal efficiency by the microorganisms.