• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

Many of biochemical or physiological processes can be regulated by non-coding RNAs as well as coding RNAs in plants, animals and microbes. Recently, many small RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interference RNAs (siRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs have been discovered from ubiquitous organisms including plants. Biotic and abiotic stresses are main causal agents of crop losses all over the world. Much efforts have been performed for understanding the complex mechanism of stress responses. Up to date, many of these researches have been related with the identification and investigation of stress-related proteins, showing limitation to resolve the complex mechanism. Recently, non-coding RNAs as well as coding genes have been gradually interested because of its potential roles in plant stress responses as well as other biophysical aspects. In this review, various potential roles of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs and siRNAs, are reviewed in relation with plant biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Species diversity is one of the most important specifications of biological societies. Diversity of organisms, measurement of variety and examination of those hypotheses that are about reasons of diversity are such as affairs that have been desired by the ecologists for a long time. In this research, diversity of plant species in forest region, numbers of 60 sample plots in 256.00 square meters have been considered in random - systematic inventory was considered. In each sample plot, four micro-plots in 2.25 square meters in order to study on herbal cover, were executed that totally 240 micro-plots were considered. At each plot six diversity indices in relation to physiographic factors (slope, geographical aspect and altitude from the sea level) were studied. The results indicate that species diversity is more in the northern direction and also species diversity in slops less than 30% has the most amounts. Factor of altitude from the sea level did not have meaningful relation with species diversity. Through study on correlation of the numbers of species in sample plots with indices and also process and role of indices in different processors of analysis, Simpson's reciprocal index was suggested as suitable index in this type of studies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.227-247
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• 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of recently discovered non-coding small RNA molecules, on average approximately 21 nucleotides in length, which underlie numerous important biological roles in gene regulation in various organisms. The miRNA database (release 18) has 18,226 miRNAs, which have been deposited from different species. Although miRNAs have been identified and validated in many plant species, no studies have been reported on discovering miRNAs in Panax ginseng Meyer, which is a traditionally known medicinal plant in oriental medicine, also known as Korean ginseng. It has triterpene ginseng saponins called ginsenosides, which are responsible for its various pharmacological activities. Predicting conserved miRNAs by homology-based analysis with available expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences can be powerful, if the species lacks whole genome sequence information. In this study by using the EST based computational approach, 69 conserved miRNAs belonging to 44 miRNA families were identified in Korean ginseng. The digital gene expression patterns of predicted conserved miRNAs were analyzed by deep sequencing using small RNA sequences of flower buds, leaves, and lateral roots. We have found that many of the identified miRNAs showed tissue specific expressions. Using the insilico method, 346 potential targets were identified for the predicted 69 conserved miRNAs by searching the ginseng EST database, and the predicted targets were mainly involved in secondary metabolic processes, responses to biotic and abiotic stress, and transcription regulator activities, as well as a variety of other metabolic processes.

• 약학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.71-91
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• 1973

미생물의 대사산물은 극히 다양함으로 그중에는 암세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 증식을 억제하는 것이 있으리라는 예상하에서 종양을 이식한 동물을 사용하여 항암성 물질을 스크리-닝하기 시작한 것은 1951년경 부터였다. 그리하여 지난 20여년간에 200종 이상의 항종양성 물질이 보고되었고 그 화학구조는 가지 각색이다. 그간의 연구의 추세를 들이켜 본다면 초기에는 항종양작용에 중점을 두었기 때문에 독성이 강한 물질이 다소 보고되었으며 중기에는 조직배양을 이용했기 때문에 세포독 물질이 주축을 이루고 있다. 근래에는 독성이 낮은 물질, 특히, 고분자의 물질이 추구되고 있는 경향이다. 이미 보고된 200여종의 항종양성 항생물질중 실지로 쓰이고 있는 것은 10여종에 불과하다는 사실은 전신요법제로써의 항암제의 독어이 얼마나 중요한 가를 잘 증언해 주고 있다. 항종양성 항생물질은 화학구조, 생성하는 미생물, 작용기전 등에 분류할 수 있다. 그러나 화학구조가 다양하다는 점에서 또 생성하는 미생물은 대개 방성균류이라는 점에서 그리고 작용기전은 대개 핵산에 작용한다는 점에서 볼때 이러한 분류기준을 채택한다는 것이 특별히 유리한 점이 없는 것 같으므로 여기서는 편의상 발견된 연대순으로 나열하여 기재하기로 한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-36
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• 1975

벼뿌리선충의 벼뿌리갈변에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 벼가 자라는 배지조건을 달리하여 실내시험한 결과, 살균배지조건에서는 선충에 의하여 갈변도가 약간 높아졌으나 무살균조건에서는 선충의 존재여부에 관계없이 뿌리전체가 갈변되었는데 이것은 벼뿌리의갈변이 선충에 의한 다기보다 주로 그외의 토양미생물에 의하여 일어나는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제21권7호통권170호
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• pp.573-577
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• 1983

The antimicrobial action of various dental cements evaluated against common micro-organisms most frequenty found within the components of the normal bacterial flora of oral cavity. They include Streptococcus mutans (2 strains), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguis. The test was done by the use of brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates. A standard mix of each cement was made and placed on the plates which were seeded with a standard culture of microorganisms. After incubation, the halo of bacterial growth inhibition around the cement was identified and its size was measured. Some of the cements tested had obvious antibacterial effect. The cements listed in decreasing order of effectiveness are 1) zinc phosphate and oxyphosphate, 2) silicate, 3) zinc oxide-eugenol, 4) calcium hydroxide, and 5) carboxylate.

• 셀메드
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.8.1-8.5
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• 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small diffusible molecule which plays an important role in various physiological activities. NO is a notable molecule, functioning as a cytotoxic agent and cellular messenger. There has been considerable interest in NO production by activated macrophages because this gaseous metabolite plays a fundamental role in the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of macrophages towards invasive micro-organisms and tumour cells. No is a bioactive free radical that has been implicated in many physiological functions, plays a critical role during inflammation and therefore constitutes a potential target for developing therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. The use of medicinal plants by the population has been an important alternative the resource in the treatment of various diseases. Its growing acceptance in the medical community has been due to the fact that several plants with biological activities have been scientifically investigated and their efficacy and safety have been proven. In this review, discussed suppressive effects of No production by traditional medicines in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제41권2호통권405호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

Antimicrobial Peptides are natural antibiotics evolved by many plants, invertebrate, and vertebrate to defend against the microbial infection. Antimicrobial peptides show a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with little opportunity for the development of resistance since they target microbial membranes that distinguish microbes from enkaryotic cells. The oral cavity is constantly exposed to microbial challenges and antimicrobial peptides play an important role in managing the oral health. With the increase of resistant micro-organisms to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are attracting interests as novel antibiotics. In this review, the characteristics of antimicrobial of antimicrobial peptides including the classification, mechanism of action, resistance, and expression in the oral cavity have been discussed in the prospects of application to oral disease.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1997

Pesticide residues in soil could be affected to the growth of micro organisms and the activity of enzymes directly, and successively to the soil properties as pH, Eh and nitrogen metabolism. However, residues are diminished by degradation of soil microorganisms, run-off, leaching, volatilization, photodecomposition and uptake through crops. In this paper research results published in Korea were summarized about translocation of soil residues into crops, fates of residues in soil, effects to the activity of soil microorganisms and metabolic pathways of some pesticides. Generally speaking, pesticide residues in soil were not much affected to the agro-ecosystem except few chemicals. So it should be needed more further researches in this field, continuously.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1998

The paper presented here is aimed at increasing knowledge on purine metabolism in ruminants and hence the quantification of microbial cells entering the small intestine from urinaη excretion of purine derivatives. Nucleic acid metabolisms of micro-organisms in the rumen, digestion and absorption of nucleic acids entering the intestines, metabolisms of absorbed and endogenous purines involving de novo synthesis of nucleic acids in the ruminants host, and the relationship between absorbed and excreted purines are reviewed. Principal concerns about an amount of purine derivatives excreted in urine in relation to a change in purine-N: total-N ratios in rumen microbes that leave the rumen are discussed. The use of urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an indicator of the amount of microbial biomass leaving the rumen has to be done with some caution since it may be impossible to get a representative sample of microbes entering the intestine and thus yield estimates are relative rather than absolute.