• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2003

We here outlined our study on the variations in intake of nutrients based on four season 7 consecutive day weighed diet records (WDRs) from 80 Japanese female dietitians in 1996 - 1997. Furthermore, we reviewed Japanese, Korean and international articles investigating variability in consumption of foods as well as nutrients. The relative contributions of variation for all nutrients by person were greater than those by day, week and season. Within individual variances were greater than that between individual variances, being generally observed in Korea and in the world. The ratios of within- vs. between-individual variations ranged from 1.3-26.9 in our study, the ratios being greatest in Korean, followed by Japanese and western people. Based on within individual coefficients of variation, minimal days necessary for estimating nutrient consumption per person within 10％ (20％) of the true mean with 95％ confidence intervals were estimated. They ranged from 10-35 (3-9) days for energy and major nutrients and 15-640(4-160) days for micro-nutrients. Two Japanese studies reported that the ratios for foods were as a whole greater than those for nutrients, except for cereals, rice and milk. (J community Nutrition 5(2) : 72-82,2003).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2001

우리나라 남해안에서 매년 유해 와편모조류인 Cochlodinium polykrikoides에 의한 적조가 발생하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 남해안의 사량도 주변 해역을 대상으로 AGP 시험을 통하여 C. polykrikoides의 성장 제한영양염을 평가하였다. Macro- 및 micro-nutrients 첨가에 의한 적조 발생 단계별 C.polykrikoides의 성장은 두 가지의 서로 다른 반응으로 나타나 조류성장 제한영양염이 명확하게 확인되었다. 사량도 해역의 고정점에서 적조가 발생하기 전인 7월과 8월, 적조가 소멸한 후인 10월의 AGP 시험에서는 질산질소 ($50{\mu}M$)와 인산인 ($5{\mu}M$), 암모니아질소 ($50{\mu}M$)와 인산인 ($5{\mu}M$)의 복합첨가에 의해 성장률이 크게 증가하였다. Macro-nutrients의 단일첨가에 대해서는 뚜렷한 성장을 나타내지 않았고 micro-nutrients도 성장을 촉진시키지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 이 시기에는 질소와 인이 동시에 C. polykrikoides의 성장 제한영양염으로 작용하였다는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나, 적조가 발생한 9월의 AGP 시험에서는 성장에 필요한 macro- 및 micro-nutrients의 결핍이 나타나지 않아 이 기간 중에 C. polykri-koides의 성장은 영양염의 제한을 받지 않는다는 것이 확인되었다. 이때 사량도 연안의 영양염 농도는 암모니아질소와 인산인 농도가 각각 $24.33{\mu}M$, $1.61{\mu}M$로 적조가 발생하기 전과 소멸한 후에 비해 평균 8.2, 4.8배 높은 값을 나타냈고, 질산질소 농도는 $0.58{\mu}M$로 평 균 3.3배 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 그러므로, C. polykrikoides 적조는 N, P 농도 증가에 기인한 부영양화가 진행되는 해역에서 발생할 가능성이 높다는 것을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2001

Experiments were held in Egypt to test a new Package of practices for commercial cocoon production, including adding secondary macro and micronutrients to the mulberry garden, disease free rearing regime, low temperature rearing in young instars and natural mounting fur silkworms. This package for seed silkworm rearing lead to increase in fecundity by 67-121eggs (15.12-26.22%) and yield of standard boxes per 1 parent egg boxes by 57-58 egg boxes(48.33-51.66%) respectively in comparison th the traditional cocoon production technology.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

Microalgae using a submersible fluorescence probe in water column (up to 100 m) were measured during the austral summer of 2006 (February) in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica (triangular-shaped embayment in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean). Concurrently, environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity and nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, urea) uptake rates were measured. The concentration of phytoplankton is relatively high due to availability of high nutrients and low sea surface temperature. Phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms whereas cryptophytes are in low concentration. The maximum concentration of total chlorophyll is 14.87 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and is attributed to upwelled subsurface winter water due to local wind forcing, availability of micro-nutrients and increased attenuation of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). Concentration of blue-green algae is low compared to that of green algae because of low temperature. Comparatively high concentration of yellow substances is due to the influence of Antarctic melt-water whereas cryptophytes are low due to high salinity and mixed water column. Varied concentrations of phytoplankton at different times of Fluoroprobe measurements suggest that the coastal waters of Prydz Bay are influenced by changing sub-surface water temperature and salinity due to subsurface upwelling induced by local winds as also melting/freezing processes in late summer. The productivity is high in coastal water due to the input of macro as well as micro-nutrients.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.173-176
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• 1992

Non-absorbable substances in foods, for instance dietary fiber had been previously known as a non-nutritive part of foods. Recently , such a category has been gradually changed to as one of nutrients, As a main reason, dietary fibers includes many poly-or oligo-saccharides, which as resistant to alimentary hydrolyzing enzyme, However, parts of them are fermented by intestinal micro-organism to produce short chain fatty acids and so on. They are absorbed and utilized by human being. Now, it may be naturally accepted that dietary fiber is a kind of nutrients. Dietary fiber exerts many useful functions on body. They are classified into three large function , physicochemical function, physiological function and biological function. The last function of dietary fiber will be presented in the symphosium. Dietary fiber has several kinds of nutritional properties. One is energy source. Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) are oxidized and produced energy in body. Dietary fiber has not high energy, but not zero kilocalories. Another one is to be a constitutional component of higher animals' tissue. Last but most important one is physiological functions of dietary fiber.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and blood parameters of cardiovascular function in 40 female college students on self-selected diet in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, analysis of dietary intakes and blood composition were conducted. Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CK-MB, and LDH were measured by biochemical analyzer. The results were summarized as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 22.5$\pm$1.2 years. The weight, height and BMI were 52.4$\pm$7.2kg, 161.3$\pm$5.7cm and 20.2$\pm$2.4, respectively. Daily energy and lipid intakes were 1634.2$\pm$ 437.7kcal and 46.8$\pm$17.0g. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 59.2 : 14.5 : 26.3. Serum concentrations appeared to be 61.1$\pm$ 24.2mg/dl(triglyceride), 141.2$\pm$330.mg/dl(total cholesterol), 64.8$\pm$ 20.1mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), 64.1$\pm$ 25.4mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol), 7.2$\pm$3.2IU/l (CK-MB), 107.9$\pm$23.4IU/l (LDH). In the relation between nutrient intakes and serum parameters, vitamin $B_1$ intake showed positive correlation with triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and CK-MB, respectively(p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.05). Vitamin $B_2$intake had positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). And vitamin C intake had negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the intakes of micro nutrients such as vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C have relation with cardiovascular function in female college students. However, further systematic research is needed to investigate the functions of micro nutrients in healthy persons for prevention of chronic diseases.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.459-471
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• 1991

1989년 10월, 진해만에서 수괴의 물리화학적 요인과 관련된 플랑크톤의 미세분포와 군집구조를 micro-scale 관측을 통하여 분석하였다. 부도수도 내측에는 비교적 온난, 저염의 성층화된 수괴(stratified waters)가 존재하였으며, 풍부한 클로로필양과 영양염류가 관찰되었다. 식물플랑크톤의 생물량과 영양염류는 부도수도의 내측과 외측에서 현저한 변화를 보였다 외만성 혹은 해양성의 식물플랑크톤(Chaetoceros decipiens, Rhizosolenia stolterforthii, Rhizosolenia styliformis, and Ceratium trichoceros)과 동물플랑크톤(Sagitta enflata, Oncaea venusta and Oikopluera longicaudata)은 부도수도 외측의 혼합된 수괴(mixed water)에서만 관찰되었다. 이는 부도수도해역의 정점 3과 4사이에서 염분과 영양염류의 구배에 따른 불연속층(discontinuous layer)이 존재하고 있음을 암시하며, 이 불연속층이 플랑크톤 군집분포에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 부도수도 내측에서는 클로로필양이 $80{\mu}g/l$ 이상인 식물플랑크톤 Patchs가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 식물플랑크톤 bloom시, 높은 동화율에 의한 silicate 고갈은 이 지역에서의 식물플랑크톤 bloom 소멸의 원인으로 추정된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The term, "food safety", has traditionally been viewed as a practical science aimed at assuring the prevention acute illnesses caused by biological microorganisms, and only to a minor extent, chronic diseases cause by chronic low level exposures to natural and synthetic chemicals or pollutants. "food safety" meant to prevent microbiological agents/toxins in/on foods, due to contamination any where from "farm to Fork", from causing acute health effects, especially to the young, immune-compromised, genetically-predisposed and elderly. However, today a broader view must also include the fact that diet, perse (nutrients, vitamins/minerals, calories), as well as low level toxins and pollutant or supplemented synthetic chemicals, can alter gene expressions of stem/progenitor/terminally-differentiated cells, leading to chronic inflammation and other mal-functions that could lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherogenesis and possibly reproductive and neurological disorders. Understanding of the mechanisms by which natural or synthetic chemical toxins/toxicants, in/on food, interact with the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases, should lead to a "systems" approach to "food safety". Clearly, the interactions of diet/food with the genetic background, gender, and developmental state of the individual, together with (a) interactions of other endogenous/exogenous chemicals/drugs; (b) the specific biology of the cells being affected; (c) the mechanisms by which the presence or absence of toxins/toxicants and nutrients work to cause toxicities; and (d) how those mechanisms affect the pathogenesis of acute and/or chronic diseases, must be integrated into a "system" approach. Mechanisms of how toxins/toxicants cause cellular toxicities, such as mutagenesis; cytotoxicity and altered gene expression, must take into account (a) irreversible or reversal changes caused by these toxins or toxicants; (b)concepts of thresholds or no-thresholds of action; and (c) concepts of differential effects on stem cells, progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells in different organs. This brief Commentary tries to illustrate this complex interaction between what is on/in foods with one disease, namely cancer. Since the understanding of cancer, while still incomplete, can shed light on the multiple ways that toxins/toxicants, as well as dietary modulation of nutrients/vitamins/metals/ calories, can either enhance or reduce the risk to cancer. In particular, diets that alter the embryo-fetal micro-environment might dramatically alter disease formation later in life. In effect "food safety" can not be assessed without understanding how food could be 'toxic', or how that mechanism of toxicity interacts with the pathogenesis of any disease.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2019

Milk and dairy products are the high value foods for the elderly population. In particular, fermented milk is the best source of calcium for people in the specific age group of over 79 years. It provides a good source of protein. Regular exercise and active lifestyle are recommended to slow down the muscle loss. However, exercising without proper nutrient intake is simply not sufficient at this age. Milk and dairy products provide the iron and protein content required for effective exercise-assisted growth. Milk nutrients have the advantage of being produced in various food forms, such as liquid, semi-solid, and powder types. Fat-soluble vitamins such as retinol and vitamin K can be encapsulated using various technologies for milk and dairy products. Using the encapsulation method, spray drying and fluidized-bed coating have been used for adding the micro-nutrients to the food. Microencapsulation technology is being applied in case of the fermented dairy products too. In particular, various wall materials are being developed to enhance the viability of probiotics. In the near future, advanced high-efficiency technologies that can effectively nourish the dairy products with nutrients will be developed to produce targeted high-nutrition value food for the elderly.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

HRP(high rate pond) which had kept the manufactured clay of 3cm-thickness as benthic clay in reactor and the 6 flat-blade turbine as impeller for agitation was named HRASP(high rate algae stabilization pond). And the experiment for treatment of artificial synthesis wastewater containing COD :300mg/$\ell$, NH$_3$-N : 300mg/$\ell$, T-P : 9mg/$\ell$ as nutrients was been performed successfully. This reactor was been operated under conditions : 24hrs.-irradiation and water temperature, $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 and agitation velocity, 15, 30, 45rpm and the effect of agitation velocity on algal bioaccumulation of nutrients was been studied with view point of fluid dynamics. The next followings could be obtained as results. 1. The agitation with a turbine impeller blade in HRASP makes clay particle indicate superior suspension effect by means of forming of excellent curl/shear flow in reactor. 2. The excessive suspension of clay particle which is created at 45rpm as rotation velocity of impeller blade of turbine disturbs the light penetration and algal photosynthesis reaction. 3. Efficiencies for removal of nutrients come out as COD : 93.9%~94.3%, ($NH_3-N + NO_3-N$) : 81.9%~99.0%, T-P : 46.8%~53.6%. 4. Kuo values of $K_1$for algal growth come out seperately as 15rpm : $1.876{\times}10^{-2}, 30rpm : 4.618{\times}10^{-3}$. 5. Kuo values of $K_2$for removal of N, P come out seperately as 15rpm : $8.403{\times}10^{-1}$ and $1.397{\times}10^{-1}$, 30rpm : $4.823{\times}10^{-1} and 2.052{\times}10^{-1}$. 6. It can be guessed easily that the excessive agitation can inhibit the algal and bacterial symbiotic reaction if it is considered that micro organism\` sense to preservation of life is relied on natural function of metabolism. Therefore the studies for this matter should be followed continuously.