• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2009

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) films were deposited by linear ion source(LIS)-physical vapor deposition method changing the anode voltages from 800 V to 1800 V, and characteristics of the films were investigated using residual stress tester, nano-indentation, micro raman spectroscopy, scratch tester and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM). The results showed that the residual stress and hardness increased with increasing the ion energy up to anode voltage of 1400 V. It was also found that the content of $SP^3$ carbon increased with increasing the anode voltage $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio through investigation of $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio by the micro-raman analysis. From these results, it can be concluded that the physical properties of DLC films such as residual stress and hardness are increased with increasing the anode voltage. These results can be explained that 3-dimensional cross-links between carbon atoms and Dangling bond are enhanced and the internal compressive stress also increased with increasing the anode voltage. The optimal anode voltage is considered to be around 1400 V in these experimental conditions.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.359-380
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• 2018

디지털 리터러시는 ICT 기술이 고도로 발달한 디지털 사회에서 일의 능률을 높이고 삶을 영위하기 위한 필수적인 역량이 된다. 세계의 선진 국가들은 국민의 디지털 리터러시를 향상시키고 디지털 격차를 해소하기 위해 많은 노력을 수행해왔다. 본 논문은 이들 중 노인을 포함한 성인의 디지털 리터러시 향상을 위한 미국 공공도서관의 사례를 조사 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 프로그램 우수 사례 도서관을 중심으로 디지털 리터러시 교육 프로그램 유형, 교육 방식 및 내용 현황을 조사 분석하고 담당사서들과의 인터뷰를 통해 운영 실태를 파악하였다. 다수의 교육 프로그램이 기본적인 컴퓨터나 인터넷 기술에 관한 것이었고 Micro Office, 이메일, 소셜미디어, 스마트폰이나 태블릿 PC 사용에 관한 교육 프로그램의 비중도 높게 나타났다. 가장 빈번하고 일상적으로 이루어지는 교육 방식은 비공식적인 현장교육이었고 그것의 교육 내용과 수준은 매우 다양하게 나타났다. 추가로 디지털 리터러시 교육을 위해 공공도서관 담당사서들은 사서의 디지털 역량과 이를 위한 재교육을 가장 중요하게 생각하고 있었고 디지털 리터러시 교육 프로그램 운영에 적합한 도서관 시설과 최신 장비 도입, 시기적절한 다양한 프로그램 개발과 홍보의 중요성도 함께 제기하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 하이브리드 로켓용 파라핀/알루미늄 연료의 유변학적 특성 파악을 위한 점도 측정을 수행하였다. 혼합된 알루미늄 입자의 크기와 첨가량에 따른 유변학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 평균 입도 100 nm, $8{\mu}m$의 나노 및 마이크로 크기 알루미늄 입자첨가 시료를 제작하였으며, 회전형 레오미터를 사용해 점도를 측정하였다. 나노 및 마이크로 입자 함유비에 따른 증가율 패턴은 대단히 상이하였으며 입자의 함유비 10 wt%를 경계로 점도 증가율이 구분되었고, 나노입자 첨가 시 연료의 유입 후퇴율 감소에 따른 총 후퇴율의 저하를 예상할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

A finite element model was built for MnBi/${\alpha}$-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets, and the demagnetization curves of the magnets were simulated by micro-magnetic calculation. The microstructure of the cubic model is composed of 64 irregular grains with an average grain size of 20 nm. With the volume fraction of soft magnetic phase (t vol. %) ranged from 5 to 20 vol. %, both isotropic and anisotropic nanocomposite magnets show typical single-phase permanent magnets behavior in their demagnetization curves, illustrating good intergranular exchange coupling effect between soft and hard magnetic phases. With the increase of volume fraction of soft magnetic phase in both isotropic and anisotropic magnets, the coercive force of the magnets decreases monotonically, while the remanence rises at first to a peak value, then decreases. The optimal values of maximum energy products of isotropic and anisotropic magnets are 84 and $200kJ/m^3$, respectively. Our simulation shows that the MnBi/${\alpha}$-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets own excellent magnetic properties and therefore good potential for practical applications.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.2821-2827
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• 2024

This investigation developed a novel polyester composite based on the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) of different sizes. We prepared nine samples Containing different percentages and sizes of ZnO as well as the control sample (Pol-ZnO0). The attenuation factors of Pol-micro ZnO were estimated using Phy-x software, while the HPGe detector and various gamma sources were used to experimentally measure the all-prepared composites. In terms of the two methods for micro composites, good agreement was observed. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of Pol-ZnO20, Pol-ZnO40, and Pol-ZnO60, two more samples one with ZnO nanoparticles instead of microparticles, and the other with half microparticles and half nanoparticles (referenced as 0.5 M + 0.5 N) were determined. For all the Polyester composites and energies, the mixture of microparticles and nanoparticles had greater LAC values than each of the particles on their own. For example, the LAC values for the Pol-ZnO20 polymer at 1.330 MeV are 0.0836, 0.0888, and 0.0903 cm^-1 for the microparticles, nanoparticles, and mixture, respectively. The values of the prepared polymer samples' radiation protection efficiency (RPE) against energy with a thickness of 2 cm was determined experimentally. The Pol-ZnO60 0.5 M + 0.5 N sample has the highest RPE out of all the samples, followed by its nanoparticle counterpart, and then its microparticle counterpart. On the other hand, the Pol-ZnO0 sample, the polymer with no ZnO content, at all energies has the lowest RPE, followed by the three Pol-ZnO20 samples.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.247-262
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• 2024

Domestic sewage can greatly affect the macro-micro physical-mechanical properties of building foundation soils. In order to investigate the effect of domestic sewage on physical and mechanical properties of soils, the physicochemical properties of three groups of different concentrations of domestic sewage contaminated soil were tested through indoor experiments. Combined with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction experiments, and grey relational analysis, the degree of influence of different concentrations of domestic sewage on the physicochemical properties of soil was compared and analyzed from multiple perspectives such as microstructure and mineral composition, revealing the influencing mechanism of soil pollution by domestic sewage. The results showed that under the immersion of contaminated water, the color of the soaking water turned black first and then yellow, and brownish yellow secretions appeared on the surface of the soil samples. The moisture content, specific gravity, density, and pore ratio index of the soil samples immersed in 50% and 100% domestic sewage decreased with the increase of sewage concentration, while the liquid limit of the soil samples changed in the opposite direction. The immersion time had little effect on the slope of the compression curve of the soil samples soaked in tap water. For the soil samples immersed in domestic sewage, the slope of the compression curve and the compression coefficient increased with the increase of domestic sewage concentration and immersion time, while the compression modulus showed the opposite trend. In the soil samples immersed in tap water, there were a large number of small particles and cementitious substances, and the structure was relatively dense. With the increase of domestic sewage concentration, the microstructure of the soil changed significantly, with the appearance of sigle particle structure, loose and disorderly arrangement of particles, increased and enlarged pores, gradual reduction of small particle substances and cementitious substances, and the soil structure transformed from compact to loose. The research findings can provide theoretical reference for contaminated geotechnical engineering.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

Background: Soil respiration (Rs) is a major factor of the absorption and accumulation of carbon through photosynthesis in the ecosystem carbon cycle. This directly affects the amount of net ecosystem productivity, which affects the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Understanding the characteristics of Rs is indispensable to scientifically understand the carbon cycle of ecosystems. It is very important to study Rs characteristics through analysis of environmental factors closely related to Rs. Rs is affected by various environmental factors, such as temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, litter supply, organic matter content, dominant plant species, and soil disturbance. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of micro-topographical differences on Rs in forest vegetation by measuring the Rs on the ridge and southern slope sites of the broadly established Quercus mongolica forest in the central Korean area. Method: Rs, Ts, and soil moisture data were collected at the southern slope and ridge of the Q. mongolica forest in the Mt. Jeombong area in order to investigate the effects of topographical differences on Rs. Rs was collected by the closed chamber method, and data collection was performed from May 2011 to October 2013, except Winter seasons from November to April or May. For collecting the raw data of Rs in the field, acrylic collars were placed at the ridge and southern slope of the forest. The accumulated surface litter and the soil organic matter content (SOMC) were measured to a 5 cm depth. Based on these data, the Rs characteristics of the slope and ridge were analyzed. Results: Rs showed a distinct seasonal variation pattern in both the ridge and southern slope sites. In addition, Rs showed a distinct seasonal variation with high and low Ts changes. The average Rs measurements for the two sites, except for the Winter periods that were not measured, were $550.1\;mg\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ at the ridge site and $289.4\;mg\;CO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ at the southern slope, a difference of 52.6%. There was no significant difference in the Rs difference between slopes except for the first half of 2013, and both sites showed a tendency to increase exponentially as Ts increased. In addition, although the correlation is low, the difference in Rs between sites tended to increase as Ts increased. SMC showed a large fluctuation at the southern slope site relative to the ridge site, as while it was very low in 2013, it was high in 2011 and 2012. The accumulated litter of the soil surface and the SOMC at the depth range of 0~5 cm were $874g\;m^{-2}$ and 23.3% at the ridge site, and $396g\;m^{-2}$ and 19.9% at the southern slope site. Conclusions: In this study, Rs was measured for the ridge and southern slope sites, which have two different results where the surface litter layer is disturbed by strong winds. The southern slope site shows that the litter layer formed in autumn due to strong winds almost disappeared, and while in the ridge site, it became thick due to the transfer of litter from the southern slope site. The mean Rs was about two times higher in the ridge site compared to that in the southern slope site. The Rs difference seems to be due to the difference in the amount of litter accumulated on the soil surface. As a result, the litter layer supplied to the soil surface is disturbed due to the micro-topographical difference, as the slope and the change of the community structure due to the plant season cause heterogeneity of the litter layer development, which in turn affects SMC and Rs. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce and understand these micro-topographical features and mechanisms when quantifying and analyzing the Rs of an ecosystem.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.533-537
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• 2015

미세조류인 Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)는 다른 미세조류에 비해 다량의 지질을 함유한다. 본 연구는 자외선 조사를 통해 변이주를 유도하고자 하였다. C. vulgaris에 자외선을 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 min간 조사하였으며 자외선 조사 시간에 비례하여 세포 생존율 및 색소 함량이 감소함을 확인하였다. 자외선 조사를 통해 C. vulgaris의 변이주를 유도하였으며, 지질 축적량을 기준으로 두 개의 균주를 선별하였다. 선별한 변이주는 UM10, 15로 명명하였으며, 야생균주와 동일한 환경에서 배양하였다. 변이주의 특성 분석을 위해 21일간 배양 후 세포 생장률, 건조 중량, 색소 함량, 지질 함량을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 두 종의 변이주는 야생균주에 비해 약 1.4배 높은 세포 생장률을 보였으며, 건조 중량은 약 1.5배 증가하였다. 광합성을 통한 미세조류 내 색소 함량을 알아보기 위해 클로로필과 카로티노이드 함량을 측정하였다. 변이주의 클로로필 및 카로티노이드 함량 모두 야생균주에 비해 약 10% 감소함을 확인하였다. 변이주의 지질 함량은 야생균주에 비해 약 1.2, 1.5배 증가하였다.

• 대기
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

The methods measuring the precipitation drop size distribution(hereafter referred to as DSD) at Cloud Physics Observation System (CPOS) in Daegwallyeong are to use PARSIVEL (PARticle SIze and VELocity) disdrometer (hereafter referred to as PARSIVEL) and Micro Rain Radar (hereafter referred to as MRR). First of all, PARSIVEL and MRR give good correlation coefficients between their rain rates and those of rain gage: $R^2=0.93$ and 0.91, respectively. For the DSD, the rain rates are classified in 3 categories (Category 1: rr (Rain Rate) ${\leq}0.5\;mm\;h^{-1}$, Category 2: $0.5\;mm\;h^-1$ < rr < $4.0\;mm\;h^{-1}$, Category 3: rr ${\geq}4\;mm\;h^{-1}$). The shapes of PARSIVEL and MRR DSD are relatively most similar in category 2. In addition, we retrieve the vertical rain rate and liquid water content from MRR under melting layer, calculated by Cha et al's method, in Daegwallyeong ($37^{\circ}41{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}45^{\prime}E$, 843 m ASL, mountain area) and Haenam ($34^{\circ}33^{\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}34^{\prime}E$, 4.6 m ASL, coast area). The vertical variations of rain rate and liquid water content in Daegwallyeong are smaller than those in Haenam. We think that this different vertical rain rate characteristic for both sites is due to the vertical different cloud type (convective and stratiform cloud seem dominant at Haenam and Daegwallyeong, respectively). This suggests that the statistical precipitation DSD model, for the application of weather radar and numerical simulation of precipitation processes, be considered differently for the region, which will be performed in near future.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2010

발열량이 낮은 저등급 석탄이나 황함량이 많은 petroleum-coke는 그 이용이 제한적이지만 공급이 풍부하여 잠재력이 큰 에너지원이므로, 가스화공정에 적용하여 고급연료인 수소나 액체연료를 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 상압의 열천칭 반응기(thermobalance)에서 wood chip, 저등급 석탄인 갈탄, 역청탄, 무연탄, pet-coke의 수증기 가스화 반응특성을 조사하였다. 가스화 온도 $600{\sim}850^{\circ}C$, 수증기 분압 30~90 kPa의 범위에서 조업변수들이 가스화반응속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 기체-고체 반응모델로서 modified volumetric reaction model을 적용하여 가스화반응의 거동을 묘사하고 가스화공정에 필수적인 kinetic 정보를 도출하였다. 저등급탄인 갈탄과 바이오매스인 wood chip은 휘발분 함량도 높고 비교적 높은 가스화반응속도를 보여 가스화반응공정에 적합한 연료이다. Arrhenius plot으로부터 활성화에너지는 wood chip, 갈탄, 역청탄, 무연탄, pet-coke에 대해 각각 260.3, 167.9, 134.6, 82.2, 168.9 kJ/mol으로 구해졌다. 각 연료에 대하여 수증기 가스화반응의 반응차수를 결정하였으며, 가스화공정 설계의 기초데이타로서 겉보기 반응속도식을 제시하였다.