• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.974-980
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• 2015

해양환경 하에서 강재에 대한 방식 목적으로 Al-3%Mg 용사선재를 이용하여 아크 용사코팅을 실시하였다. 그리고 Al-3%Mg 용사코팅 층의 내식성을 개선하기 위하여 유/무기 복합 세라믹 후처리를 실시하였다. 후처리 적용에 따른 용사코팅 층의 다양한 전기화학적 실험 결과, 양극분극과 음극분극 실험 시 모든 전위구간에서 후처리 적용 시 전류밀도가 작게 나타나 내식성 개선이 확인되었다. 그리고 후처리된 용사코팅 층의 표면에서 관찰된 마이크로 크랙의 영향으로 자연전위 계측 시 심한 전위변동이 나타났으며, 양극분극 실험 시에는 후처리 층의 탈리손상이 용이하게 발생하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 타펠분석을 기반으로 외부 환경차단 효과를 나타내는 코팅 효율이 92.11%로 산출되어 Al-3%Mg 용사코팅 층의 내식성이 향상되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.211-227
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• 2020

To explore the feasibility of eliminating the longitudinal rebars and stirrups by using ultra-high-performance fiber reinforcement concrete (UHPFRC) in concrete encased steel composite stub column, compressive behavior of UHPFRC encased steel stub column has been experimentally investigated. Effect of concrete types (normal strength concrete, high strength concrete and UHPFRC), fiber fractions, and transverse reinforcement ratio on failure mode, ductility behavior and axial compressive resistance of composite columns have been quantified through axial compression tests. The experimental results show that concrete encased composite columns with NSC and HSC exhibit concrete crushing and spalling failure, respectively, while composite columns using UHPFRC exhibit concrete spitting and no concrete spalling is observed after failure. The incorporation of steel fiber as micro reinforcement significantly improves the concrete toughness, restrains the crack propagation and thus avoids the concrete spalling. No evidence of local buckling of rebars or yielding of stirrups has been detected in composite columns using UHPFRC. Steel fibers improve the bond strength between the concrete and, rebars and core shaped steel which contribute to the improvement of confining pressure on concrete. Three prediction models in Eurocode 4, AISC 360 and JGJ 138 and a proposed toughness index (T.I.) are employed to evaluate the compressive resistance and post peak ductility of the composite columns. It is found that all these three models predict close the compressive resistance of UHPFRC encased composite columns with/without the transverse reinforcement. UHPFRC encased composite columns can achieve a comparable level of ductility with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns using normal strength concrete. In terms of compressive resistance behavior, the feasibility of UHPFRC encased steel composite stub columns with lesser longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups has been verified in this study.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

솔더 범프를 이용한 플립 칩 접속 기술은 시스템의 고속화, 고집적화, 소형화 요구 덴 마이크로 일렉트로닉스의 성능은 향상시키기 위해 필요한 기술이다. 본연구 에서는 Cr/Cr-Cu/cu UBM 구조에서 고 용융점 솔더 범프와 저 용융점 솔더 범프를-시효처리 후 전단 강도를 평가하였다. 계면에서 관찰된 금속간 화합물의 성장과 접합상태를 SEM과 TEM으로 분석하였으며, 유한요소법을 통하여 전단하중을 적용하였을때 집중되는 응력을 해석하였다. 실험결과 Sn-97wt%Pb와 Sn-37wt%Pb에서 900시간 시효 처리된 시편의 전단강도는 최대 값에서 각각 25%, 20% 감소하였다. 시효처리를 통해 금속간화합물인 $Cu_6/Sn_5$와 $Cu_3Sn$의 성장을 확인하였으며, 파단 경로는 초기의 솔더 내부에서 IMC층의 계면으로 이동하는 경향을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.389-393
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 $\mu$-PD법으로 Er : Mg : $LiNbO_3$화이버 결정을 MgO의 첨가량을 달리하여 성장시켰으며, 첨가물 농도에 따른 성장조건과 PL 특성에 관해 조사하였다. 또한,성장한 결정의 투과 스펙트럼으로부터 Er : Mg : $LiNbO^3$에서 $Er^{3+}$ 의 에너지 준위구조를 계산하였다. Crack과 bubble등의 결함이 없는 결정은 after-beater를 조정하여 0.5 mm/min 이하의 성장속도에서 얻을 수 있었다. MgO의 농도에 따른 PL강도는 0.6 mol% $Er_2O_3$와 3 mol% MgO가 첨가된 Er : Mg : $LiNbO_3$결정에서 가장 강한 형광강도가 관측되었다. 또한, 에너지 준위 $^4S_{3/2}$에서 기저준위로 방출되는 빛이 가장 강했으며 1530 nm의 형광은 비방출천이 및 형광방출 등의 원인에 의한 $^4I_{13/2}$ 준위에서의 여기전자 감소가 형광강도 감소의 원인임을 알 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Lime was the solidifier mostly used at the fields of construction and civil works in the past. however, the development of Portland cement remarkably reduced the use of it. Recently as the concernment on circumstances gets higher, lime wined attention again as an eco-friendly material and was used at earth-using construction. This study examined the physical and chemical capacity of lime complexes with lime capacity improved, and performed fundamental study on the way to concretize by mixing it with earth. As a result, lime complex pressure strength was lower than cement pressure strength but it showed the possibility that its strength was improved by W/B control. The measurement of XRD after paste formation confirmed a compound generated by the reaction of Ca2+ion and Si, Al, and Fe from pozzolan reaction. A earth wall experiment by using lime complexes and earth showed that the higher, WB or the lower the quantity of unit combined materials, the lower the pressure strength was. The maximum pressure strength was maximum 11MPa when the quantity of unit combined materials was 450. It is because the composed earth particles had a high content of micro powder less than silt, so a lot of combination are demanded to secure fluidity. As a result of peptization experiment, after hardening, the material was not dissolved, which informed of the possibility of use as an outer subsidiary material. If the material is hardened by mold formation method, natural hardening crack appears. Cast expresses smart surface quality and enables to design for multiple purpose. The result shows the possibility of construction of low-story structures by using earth wall made of lime complexes and earth.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2015

The current investigation was performed to study sliding-wear-rate deviation (wear-rate data scatter) in carbon steels with various microstructures. Pure iron, 0.2 wt. % C steel, 0.45 wt. % C steel, and bearing steel (AISI52100) were used for the investigation. These steels possess different microstructures. Microstructures of the pure iron, two carbon steel and the bearing steel were full ferrite, ferrite + pearlite and full pearlite, respectively. Depending on the carbon content, the carbon steel had different pearlite-volume fractions. Dry sliding wear tests of the steel were conducted using a ball-on-disk wear tester at a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s using a bearing ball (AISI52100) as a counterpart. Applied load and sliding distance were 100 N and 300 m, respectively. More than three (up to twelve) tests were conducted for each steel under the same conditions, and the mean deviations in the wear rate of the steel (microstructure) were compared. The wear-rate deviation in the steel with ferrite + pearlite microstructure was higher than that with ferrite microstructure, and the deviation decreased with the increase of pearlite volume fraction. The pure iron and the bearing steel specimens showed much less deviation. The high deviation observed from the ferrite + pearlite steel was attributed to irregular subsurface-crack nucleation and growth at the interface between the two micro constituents (ferrite and pearlite) during the wear test.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2004

The defects of partial denture frameworks are mainly shrinkage porosity, inclusions, micro-crack, particles from investment, and dendritic structure. In order to investigate a good casting condition of partial denture frameworks, the three casting alloys and casting methods were used and detected casting defects were analyzed by using electrochemical methods. Three casting alloys (63Co-27Cr-5.5Mo, 63Ni-16Cr, 63Co-30Cr-5Mo) were prepared for fabricating partial denture frameworks with various casting methods; centrifugal casting (Kerr, USA), high frequency induction casting (Jelenko Eagle, USA), vacuum pressure casting (Bego, Germany). The casting temperature was $1,380^{\circ}C$ (63Co-27Cr-5.5Mo and 63Ni-16Cr) and $1,420^{\circ}C$ (63Co-30Cr-5Mo). The casting morphologies were analyzed using FE-SEM and EDX. The corrosion test of the dendritic structure was performed through potentiodynamic method in 0.9% NaCl solutions at $36.5^{\circ}C$ and corrosion surface was observed using SEM. The defects of partial denture frameworks improved in the order of centrifugal casting, high frequency induction casting, and vacuum pressure casting method, especially, pore defects were found at part of clasp in the case of centrifugal casting method. The structure of casting showed dendritic structure for three casting alloys. In the 63Co-27Cr-5.5Mo and 63Co-30Cr-5Mo, $\alpha$-Co and $\varepsilon$-Co phases were identified at matrix and $${\gamma}$-Ni_2$Cr second phase were shown in 63Ni-16Cr. Also, the corrosion resistance of cast structure increased in the order of vacuum pressure casting, high frequency induction casting, and centrifugal casting method.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2012

In the present study, TiN and CrN films were coated by arc ion plating equipment onto aluminum alloy substrate, A2024. The film thickness was about 4.65 ${\mu}m$. TiN and CrN films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray equipments. The Young's modulus and the micro-Vickers hardness of aluminum substrate were modified by the ceramic film coatings. The difference in Young's modulus between substrate and coating film would affect on the wear resistance. The critical load, Lc, was 75.8 N for TiN and 85.5 N for CrN. It indicated from the observation of optical micrographs for TiN and CrN films that lots of cracks widely propagated toward the both sides of scratch track in the early stage of MODE I. TiN film began to delaminate completely at MODE II stage. The substrate was finally glittered at MODE III stage. For CrN film, a few crack can be observed at MODE I stage. The delamination of film was not still occurred at MODE II and then was happened at MODE III. This agrees with critical load measurement which the adhesive strength was greater for CrN film than for TiN film. Consequently, it was difficult for CrN to delaminate because the adhesive strength was excellent against Al substrate. The wear process, which the film adheres and the ball transfers, could be enhanced because of the increase in loading. The wear weight of ball was less for CrN than for TiN. This means that the wear damage of ball was greater for TiN than for CrN film. It is also obvious that it was difficult to delaminate because the CrN coating film has high toughness. The coefficient of friction was less for CrN coating film than for TiN film.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2018

건축물에서의 3D 프린팅은 구조재 및 비구조재로의 적용으로 구분되며, 비구조재는 내 외장 패널이나 조형물로의 적용 등이 주를 이룬다. 연속적으로 적층하여 제조하는 3D 프린팅 방식은 시멘트 모르타르의 경화속도나 특성을 개질하며 이를 위한 재료의 혼입과 경화속도나 시공성, 접착성의 개선을 위한 시멘트 혼화용 폴리머의 사용이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 적층방식 3D 프린팅 적용을 위해 시멘트, 플라이애시, EVA 및 EVCL 분말수지의 혼입률을 달리하여 고온에서의 특성을 검토하였고 혼입에 따른 유효성 여부를 확인하였다. 실험결과, EVA 및 EVCL 분말수지에 혼입에 따라 시멘트 모르타르는 연행된 공기에 의해 특성이 개질되었고 EVA보다는 EVCL을 혼입한 시험체가 고온에서 유리하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.31.1-31.9
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• 2019

Objectives: To compare the formation of dentinal defects using stainless-steel hand K-files (HFs), rotary files, reciprocating files, and Self-Adjusting File (SAF), when used for oval root canals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty extracted human mandibular premolar with single root and oval canal were selected for this study. Oval canals were confirmed by exposing to mesio-distal and bucco-lingual radiographs. Teeth with open apices or anatomic irregularities were excluded. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, leaving roots segments approximately of 16 mm in length. Twenty teeth were left unprepared (control), and the remaining 120 teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20) and instrumented using HF (size 40/0.02), Revo-S (RS; size 40/0.06), ProTaper NEXT (PTN; size 40/0.06), WaveOne (WO; size 40/0.09), RECIPROC (RC; size 40/0.06), and the SAF (2 mm). Roots were then sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, and observed under stereomicroscope, for presence of dentinal defects. "No defect" was defined as root dentin that presented with no visible microcracks or fractures. "Defect" was defined by microcracks or fractures in the root dentin. Results: The control, HF, and SAF did not exhibit any dentinal defects. In roots instrumented by RS, PTN, WO, and RC files exhibited microcracks (incomplete or complete) in 40%, 30%, 55%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions: The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files may create microcracks in radicular dentine, whereas the stainless-steel hand file instrumentation, and the SAF produce minimal or less cracks.