• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.74-78
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• 2008

High-speed tool steels are extensively used in tooling industries for manufacturing cutting tools, forming tools, and rolls. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) has been found to be an effective process for machining these extremely hard and difficult-to-cut materials. Extensive research has been conducted to identify the optimum machining parameters for EDM with different tool steels. This paper presents a fundamental study of the surface characteristics of SKH-51 tool steel machined by micro-EDM, with particular focus on obtaining a better surface finish. An RC pulse generator was used to obtain a better surface finish as it produces fine discharge craters. The main operating parameters studied were the gap voltage and the capacitance while the resistance and other gap control parameters were kept constant. A negative tungsten electrode was used in this study. The micro-EDM performance was analyzed by atomic force microscopy to determine the average surface roughness and the distance between the highest peak and lowest valley. The topography of the machined surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope and a digital optical microscope.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.631-640
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• 2024

In the traditional slope stability analysis, ignoring the spatial variability of slope soil will lead to inaccurate analysis. In this paper, the K-L series expansion method is adopted to simulate random field of soil strength parameters. Based on Random Limit Equilibrium Method (RLEM), the influence of variation coefficient and fluctuation range on reliability of soil slope supported by micro-pile is investigated. The results show that the fluctuation ranges and the variation coefficients significantly influence the failure probability of soil slope supported by micro-pile. With the increase of fluctuation range of soil strength parameters, the mean safety factor of the slope increases slightly. The failure probability of the soil slope increases with the increase of fluctuation range when the mean safety factor of the slope is greater than 1. The failure probability of the slope increases by nearly 8.5% when the fluctuation range is increased from δ_v=2 m to δ_v =8 m. With the increase of the variation coefficient of soil strength parameters, the mean safety factor of the slope decreases slightly, and the probability of failure of soil slope increases accordingly. The failure probability of the slope increases by nearly 31% when the variation coefficient increases from COV_c=0.2, COV_φ=0.05 to COV_c=0.5, COV_φ=0.2.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.109-117
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• 2003

With development of high advanced technologies and skills, micro machining techniques also are being more functional and smaller. Some of the recently developed micro machining technologies are micro drilling, micro EDM, WEDG, LBM, micro milling, micro UVM etc. In these micro machining techniques, Micro -EDM is generally used for machining micro holes, pockets, and micro structures in difficult-cut-materials. For machining micro structures, first of all, tool electrode should be fabricated by WEDG process. In micro-EDM, parameters such as peak current, pulse width, duration time are very important to fabricate the tool electrode and micro structures. Developed experimental equipments are composed of RLC circuit with PWM. In this paper, using developed micro EDM machine, the characteristics of micro electro discharge machining are investigated at micro holes, slot, and pocket machining etc. Also the trends of tool wear are investigated in case of hole and slot machining.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2097-2101
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• 2007

This paper presents an optimal design of a micro evaporator which maximizes the heat transfer coefficient. Number of gaps, spanwise distance and streamwise distance are selected as the geometric design parameters. Mass flow rate of the refrigerant is selected as the non-geometric design parameter. Temperature at the surface of the heater is measured to valuate the heat transfer coefficient. Nine experiments are conducted using $L_9(3^4)$ orthogonal array. Maximum heat transfer coefficient is 640 W/$m^2K$ at the parameters of 2 gaps, 0.2 mm spanwise distance, 1.0 mm streamwise distance and 0.72 g/s mass flow rate. Among the 3 geometric parameters, the spanwise distance is the most sensitive parameter influencing the heat transfer coefficient. We conduct a second stage of experiment to increase the heat transfer coefficient by reselecting the mass flow rate. We concluded that 0.87 g/s is the optimized flow rate for an active micro cooler resulting in a heat transfer coefficient of 651 W/$m^2K$.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

In this paper, the buckling of micro sandwich hollow circular plate is investigated with the consideration of the porous core and piezoelectric layer reinforced by functionally graded (FG)carbon nano-tube. For modeling the displacement field of sandwich hollow circular plate, the high-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) of plate and modified couple stress theory (MCST) are used. The governing differential equations of the system can be derived using the principle of minimum potential energy and Maxwell's equation that for solving these equations, the Ritz method is employed. The results of this research indicate the influence of various parameters such as porous coefficients, small length scale parameter, distribution of carbon nano-tube in piezoelectric layers and temperature on critical buckling load. The purpose of this research is to show the effect of physical parameters on the critical buckling load of micro sandwich plate and then optimize these parameters to design structures with the best efficiency. The results of this research can be used for optimization of micro-structures and manufacturing different structure in aircraft and aerospace.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

The present experimental investigation focuses on finding optimal parametric data-set of laser micro-drilling operation with minimum taper and Heat-affected zone during laser micro-drilling of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy-based composite materials. Experiments have been conducted as per Box-Behnken design (BBD) techniques considering cutting speed, lamp current, pulse frequency and air pressure as input process parameters. Then, the relationship between control parameters and output responses is developed using second-order nonlinear regression models. The analysis of variance test has also been performed to check the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique, optimum process parameters are evaluated and compared. Moreover, confirmation tests are conducted with the optimal parameter settings obtained from RSM and APSO and improvement in performance parameter is noticed in each case. The optimal process parameter setting obtained from predictive RSM based APSO techniques are speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), Air pressure (1 kg/cm²) for Taper and speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), air pressure (3 kg/cm²) for HAZ. From the confirmatory experimental result, it is observed that the APSO metaheuristic algorithm performs efficiently for optimizing the responses during laser micro-drilling process of nanocomposites both in individual and multi-objective optimization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

Optimization of engine desist and operation parameters using a genetic algorithm was demonstrated for direct injection diesel engine combustion. A micro genetic algorithm and a modified KIVA-3V code were used for the analysis and optimization of the engine combustion. At each generation of the optimization step the micro genetic algorithm generated five groups of parameter sets, and the five cases of KIVA-3V analysis were to be performed either in series or in parallel. The micro genetic algorithm code was also parallelized by using MPI programming, and a multi-CPU parallel supercomputer was used to speed up the optimization process by four times. An example case for a fixed engine speed was performed with six parameters of intake swirl ratio, compression ratio, fuel injection included angle, injector hole number, SOI, and injection duration. A simultaneous optimization technique for the whole range of engine speeds would be suggested for further studies.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.29-42
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• 2014

This paper investigates the effects of micro-tunneling on buried pipelines parametrically. A simplified numerical approach was developed and various parametric studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of ground settlements on the response of buried pipelines. The controlled parameters included the pipe stiffness, ground loss magnitude, and pipe location with respect to a micro-tunnel. Maximum settlement and curvature along a pipeline have been investigated and compared among others for different conditions. In addition, the numerical results have been compared with a theoretical method by Attewell et al. (1986), which is based on a Winkler type linear-elastic solution. The comparison indicated that the response of buried pipes to micro-tunneling-induced ground settlements highly depends on the soil-pipe interaction including the separation and slippage of pipe from soil with the effects of the investigated parameters. Therefore, rather than using the theoretical method directly, it would be a better assessment of the response of buried pipelines to consider the soil-pipe interaction in more realistic conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2016

Recently, polymeric micro-fluidic biochips with numerous micro patterns on the surface were fabricated by injection molding for realizing low-cost mass production of devices. To evaluate the effects of process parameters on large-scale micro-structure replication, a $50{\times}50mm^2$ tool insert with surface structures having a patterns of trapezoidal shapes (height: $30{\mu}m$) was employed. During injection molding, PMMA was used; packing phase parameters and mold temperature were investigated. The replicated surface textures were quantitatively characterized by confocal laser microscopy with 10-nm resolution. The degree of replication at low mold temperatures was found to be higher than that at high mold temperature at the beginning of the packing stage. Thereafter, the degree of replication increased to a greater extent at higher mold temperatures; application of higher mold temperatures improved the degree of replication.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.847-853
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• 2013

Micro-dimples on sliding surfaces have been investigated to reduce the frictional forces on metal bearing surfaces; however, for an elastomer, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), this has not been studied. The material properties of an elastomer are affected by temperature, and this can shorten the life of the elastomer. In this paper, micro-dimples were applied on the surface of an elastomer in order to reduce the frictional heating, which was experimentally investigated using pin-on-disk apparatus while the surface temperature was measured. To obtain optimal design parameters, the design of the experiment was applied, and the shape of the section, size, depth and density of micro-dimples were selected as the design parameters. The results show that the size of the dimple is the most important design parameter.