• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2011

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate effect of korean medicinal herbs-included hair tonic (MHT) and food (MF) on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Six-weeks old mice were given laboratory rodent chow diet for 1 week. Then, we used a depilatory for hair removal on mice. The next day, mice were randomized and separated in 3 groups of 6 mice; normal group (N, vehicle epidermal application+normal diet-treated group), positive control group (C, 3% minoxidil sulfate epidermal application+normal diet-treated group), and the treatment group (T, HT epidermal application+ MF diet-treated group). The hair regrowth was determined by photograph, which was taken at 7, 14 and 21 days. And scoring indices, hair density and hair thickness, were evaluated by Folliscope at same day. In addition, the hair regrowth was analyzed insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the dorsal skin of mice. Results : As a result, not only external appearance but also hair density and hair thickness on dorsal skin were increased more in C, T groups than in N group at 21 days with mixed treatment. Therefore, distinct regrowth pattern is appeared by treatment of herbal tonic and natural food for 21 days. Also, the expressions of IGF-1 on dorsal skin were higher in C, T groups than in N group. Conclusion : These results suggested that this herbal hair tonic and natural food has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san, a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in mice. Methods: The in vivo effects of Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Results: In normal Institute of Cancer Research mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Shengmaisan (0.01~1 g/kg) and Pyungwi-san (0.01~1 g/kg). The ITRs of acetic acid induced peritoneal irritation model and streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Shengmai-san (0.01~1 g/kg) and Pyungwi-san (0.01~1 g/kg). Conclusions: These results suggest that both Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san are a good candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid profiles, and fatty acid mechanism markers were evaluated. The 0.02% (w/w) CA diet resulted in a marked decline in steatosis grade, as well as in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) results, body weight gain, liver weight, and blood lipid levels (P < 0.05). The expression level of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was significantly lower in mice fed 0.01% (w/w) CA and 0.02% (w/w) CA diets than that in the HFD group; on the other hand, the expression level of ${\beta}$-oxidation-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ (PPAR-${\alpha}$), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), was higher in mice fed a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet, than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hepatic content of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly lower in mice fed the 0.02% (w/w) CA diet than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that orally administered CA suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders through decrease of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid elongation and increase of fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.483-491
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• 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8), neutrophil collagenase, is a functional player in the progressive pathology of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we administered an MMP-8 inhibitor (MMP-8i) in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S transgenic mice, to determine the effects of MMP-8i on PD pathology. We observed a significant increase of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive activated microglia in the striatum of LRRK2 G2019S mice compared to normal control mice, indicating enhanced neuro-inflammatory responses. The increased number of Iba1-positive activated microglia in LRRK2 G2019S PD mice was down-regulated by systemic administration of MMP-8i. Interestingly, this LRRK2 G2019S PD mice showed significantly reduced size of cell body area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in SN region and MMP-8i significantly recovered cellular atrophy shown in PD model indicating distinct neuro-protective effects of MMP-8i. Furthermore, MMP-8i administration markedly improved behavioral abnormalities of motor balancing coordination in rota-rod test in LRRK2 G2019S mice. These data suggest that MMP-8i attenuates the pathological symptoms of PD through anti-inflammatory processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with typeII diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downregulates a resistin which is induced during adipocyte differentiation. But the connection between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin cDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The 555 bp of mouse resistin was amplified from mob cDNAS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pCR$\^$(R)/ 2.1 TOPO T-vector. Mouse resistin mRNA on the basis of Genbank sequence (acession no. AF323080). Then, the PCR product was cloned into pTargeT$\^$TM/ mammalian expression vector that has pCMV promoter and chimeric intron. Restriction enzyme analysis with BamH I and Not I was carried out to determine an orientation of the insert in the vector. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$\^$TM/-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microinjection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. The microinjected embryos were transfered to pseudopregnant foster-mother. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F1 mice by Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Resistin gene expression mouse has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, the abdominal fat pads were isolated from each 24h starvation and re-feeding after fasting group mice that were assessed by RT-PCR analysis. In fasting group mice, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group mice. This result suggests that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance of resistin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, we studied the effect of Pinellia Ternata (PT) on regulatory T cells and CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells number in asthma model mice. Methods : All mice were immunized on two different days (21 days and 7 days before inhalational exposure) by i.p. injections of 0.2 $m\ell$ alum-precipitated Ag containing 100 ${\mu}g$ of OVA bound to 4 mg of aluminum hydroxide in PBS. Seven days after the second sensitization, mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 min/day on 3 days/week for 12 weeks(at a flow rate of 250 L/min, 2.5％ ovalbumin in normal saline) and PT (400, 200 mg/kg) were orally administered 3 times a week for 8 weeks. After C57BL/6 mice were orally given of PT, the percentages, cell numbers, phenotype and function of CD4+CD25+Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results : The cell numbers of CD4+CD25+Treg cell subsets were markedly increased in PT treated mice as reported. However, PT significantly reduced the CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells in PBMC and lung of mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that PT has a deep inhibitory effect on asthma model mice by increase the number of regulatory T cells, and by reducing CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2007

Recently Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is increasing along with allergic disease. At present, there is no infallible cure for AD. Then AD patients undergo great suffering. This study is carried out to see whether or not the administering Danggwieumja(DG) along with Samhwangseje-gamibang(SG} as a medicine for external aplication, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. To examine the effectiveness of the above prescription, the author made an observation of diverse immune responses. through the model of NC/Nga atopic mice. Results provided evidence that the DG administration along with SG can be used as a treatment means to atopic dermatitis. The results are as follows: The extent of Clinical skin severities in 13 and 16 week old NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, were reduced by 50.9%, 53.9% respectively, compared to the control NC/Nga mice with no drug treatment. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM and IgG1 levels in the serum of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. In contrary, to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level, significantly increased. The spleen weight of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. CCR3 gene expression in the skin tissue of NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were highly decreased, and the IL-6 expression significantly decreased, and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression increased compared to those of the untreated control mice. Histological observation of the ear and dorsal skin tissue of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermal tissue and dermis, were highly reduced compared to those of the untreated control mice. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the denser DG became, the more COX-2 activity was inhibited, compared to those of the untreated control group. $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cell with DG, significantly decreased, compared to those of the untreated control group. According to the assessment of cell toxicity in L929 cell, the rate of cell multiplication increased by 3% in consistency to 100ppm of DG compared to the untreated control group and in more than the 200 ppm consistency, cell toxicity was occurred.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

In this study, we tried to figure out how phenol effects on cancer prevention, and for this purpose we focused on phenol effects on TBARS and the relationship between TBARS(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and cancer. A protocol using a nutritionally adequate amino acid-based diet and a transgenic mouse model of neurofibromatosis was used to evaluate the effect of dietary phenols on body tissue oxidation and tumor onset. The mice carry the human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 transactivator(texl) gene and spontaneously develop externally visible tumors. Twenty-five male transgenic mice were systematically assigned into five groups, control group, 2 mmol, 4 mmol, 8 mmol catechin/kg diet groups and wine solid group. Mice in control group were without catechin, Mice in wine solid group received red wine 750 mL/kg diet, Mice were examined daily, and the age at which a first tumor appeared was recorded. Transgenic mice consuming catechin and wine solid were older when a first tumor appeared. No tumor was found in one mouse of 4 mmol catechin/kg diet and one mouse of 8 mmol catechin diet group. Levels of TBARS in brain and spleen of 8 mmol catechin group and wine solid group were significantly decreased as compared to the same tissue in control group. TBARS levels in tissues were significantly correlated with tumor onset. Results from this study suggest that dietary phenol effects on cancer prevention through tissue antioxidation in spite of different kinds of phenols.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.415-417
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• 2002

Juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mouse is an animal model of the systemic camitine deficiency. JVS mice first develop fatty liver following cardiac hypertrophy. hyperammonemia, etc. To clarify the relationship between fatty liver and other symptoms. lipid hydroperoxides levels of peripheral oragans in JVS mice at 1 month were determined by the use of phosphine derivatives. We also report here a new method to quantitate the lipid components level in fatty liver of JVS mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2011

Nude mice (BALB/c) were grafted with human 293 cells and PERV (porcine endogenous retrovirus)-IRES-EGFP (a packageable retroviral vector plasmid containing an internal ribosome entry site-enhanced green fluorescent protein)-producing pig PK15 cells in order to determine whether the pig cells could transmit PERV-IRES-EGFP to mice and human 293 cells in vivo. None of the transplanted human 293 cell lines were infected by PERV, but PCR analysis identified PERV-B provirus integration into both the heart and salivary gland of the inoculated nude mice. Our data indicate that hearts and salivary glands can be used to identify PERV-B receptors.