• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

Evidence shows that the serum level of cholesterol (CH) is decreased with increasing green tea (GT) consumption. This presentation summarizes our recent findings on the effect of GT extract on intestinal absorption of [$^{14}C$-labeled CH and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ovariectomized (OX) adult rats were infused intraduodenally with lipid emulsions containing radiolabeled lipids [$^{14}C$-CH or $^{14}C$-phosphatidylcholine (PC)] in the presence of GT extract or catechins to determine the rates and amounts of CH absorption and the intestinal hydrolysis and lymphatic output of PC. During lipid infusion, lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. The lymphatic absorption of $^14C$-CH was drastically lowered by infusion of GT extract at two dosage levels (GTl =5.4 mg catechins/h and GT2 = 15.1mg catechins/h). The cumulative lymphatic absorptions of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with GT1 and GT2 were 20.7$\pm$4.3 and $4.8{\pm}4.1{\%}$ dose, respectively, whereas the absorption of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with no GT extract (GT0) was $36.3{\pm}1.1{\%}$ dose. GT extracts also significantly lowered the absorption of-tocopherol (TP) in a dose dependent manner ($29.6{\pm}4.9{\%}$ dose in GT0, $20.8{\pm}5.8{\%}$ dose in GTl, and $7.9{\pm}5.4{\%}$ dose in GT2 groups). Both (+)-catechin and EGCG significantly lowered the lymphatic outputs of $^{14}C$-radioactivity after intraduodenal $^{14}C$-PC infusion. A significantly higher amount of $^{14}C$-PC remained unhydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen of the EGCG rats ($22.8{\%}$) compared with the (+)-catechin ($15.8\%$) and control groups ($11.9\%$). GT extracts, (+)-catechin, and EGCG significantly reduced the absorption of TP. The inhibitory effect of GT extract and catechins on lipid absorption may be mediated in part through the inhibition of pancreatic PLAz. The findings provide the first direct evidence that green tea and catechins have a profound inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of CH in OX rats. Results suggest that green tea and catechins may be used as a dietary or pharmacological means of lowering cholesterol absorption.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1993

$K^+$통로는 기도 평활근 세포에 존재하며 이들 통로가 활성화되면 평활근의 과분극의 결과 이완작용이 나타난다. $K^+$통로의 이런 효과는 과민반응과 천식 치료에 응용될 수 있으므로 우리는 $K^+$통로 개방제인 cromakalim (BRL34915, CK)이 $IgG_1$ 항체로 감작시킨 기도 및 폐조직으로 부터 유리되는 매개체 유리에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 피동적으로 감작된 두 조직은 $2{\times}10^{-6}\;M$의 CK로 30분동안 superfusion시킨 후 CK와 항원 (Ox-HSA) 0.1 mg/ml로 자극하였다. 또한 비만세포를 이용하여 CK의 효과를 조사하였다. 해명 폐조직 비만세포는 효소에 의한 digestion method (monodispersed; 미분리 정제), count current elutriation에 의한 방법(partially purified; 부분분리정제), 그리고 discontinuous Percoll방법(highly purified; 순수분리정제)에 의해 순수 분리되었다. CK로 전처치한후, 피동적으로 감작된 비만세포는 OA와 CaI의 여러 농도에 의해 자극되었다. 유리된 Hist은 spectrophotofluorometry에 의해, LT는 면역방사법에 의해 측정되었다. CK 전처치는 $IgG_1$ 감작후 항원에 의해 자극된 기도 조직에서 Hist 유리량을 35%까지, LT 유리량은 40%까지 감소시켰으나 기도 평활근 수축력에는 반응을 나타내지 못하였다. 항원 유도 폐조직에 있어서 CK전처치는 Hist유리량을 25%까지 감소시켰으나 LT 유리에는 미약한 감소를 나타내었다. 해명의 미분리정제, 부분분리정제, 그리고 순수 분리 정제된 비만세포로부터 Hist과 LT은 면역자극(OA)이나 비면역자극(CaI)에 의해 농도 의존적으로 유리되었다. 비만세포에서 유리된 LT는 5-lipoxygenase억제제인 A64077에 의해서 억제됨이 확인되었다. CK전처치는 OA유도 및 CaI유도 해명 폐조직 비만세포에서 Hist과 LT 유리량을 20%까지 감소시켰다. $IgG_1$ 감작후 Ox-HSA유도 기도 평활근 조직이나 혹은 OA유도 및 CaI유도 비만세포에서 Hist과 LT유리에 미치는 CK의 억제효과는 TEA와 GBC에 의해 완전히 봉쇄되었다. 이상의 결과에서 폐조직 비만세포는 LT를 유리할 수 있는 세포로 간주되며, 기도 평활근 이완제로 알려져 있는 CK은 특수 항원 유도 기도 평활근조직에서 매개체 유리를 부분적으로 억제하며, CK은 또한 OA유도 및 CaI로 유도된 순수분리 정제된 비만세포에서 매개체 유리를 부분적으로 억제하는 것으로 보아 비만세포가 활성화시 야기되는 여러 생화학적 현상중에서 미약하나마 $K{^+}$통로가 관여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

In marine air pollution control, SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) is reconized as the most effect method to control NOx, but on the other hand. seawater scrubber applying the basic characteristic that is naturally alkaline (pH typically around 8.1) is viewed as an economical SOx removal system at present. Especially, seawater scrubber would not be necessary to follow any of the various land based flue gas desulfurization methods. i.e. wet, dry or alkali scrubbing. However, these methods are not readily adaptable to marine conditions due to the quantifies of consumables required i.e. lime or limestone, the means of operation and the commercial availability. This research is undertaken to develop a new method as the main target of eliminating all exhaust emissions, particularly vessel, because of easy access to seawater and apt to apply a wet scrubber system. First, using the acidic seawater by seawater electrolysis, nitric monoxide(NO) is adequately oxidized to nitric dioxide $(NO_2)$by ClOx-in the acidic seawater, the electrolyzed alkaline seawater by electrolysis which contains mainly NaOH together with alkali metal ions $(i.e\;Na^{+}\;K^{+},\;Mg_{2}\;^{+},\;Ca_{2}\;^{+})$, is used as the absorption medium of NOx, the SOx are absorbed by relatively high solubility compared to other components of exhaust pollutants. The results found that the NOx and SOx removals could be achieved nearly Perfect.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1994

Nicotiana tabaccum 'Xanti', Petunia hybrida 'Blue Star' 그리고 Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Baeckwang'을 공시하여 엽조직 유래의 mesophyII protoplast(MP)와 paraveinal mesophyII protoplast (PVMP) 간의 세포 활성을 조사하기 위하여 urea 투과성을 측정하였다. 아울러 엽육 조직에서 원형질체 나출을 위한 각종 효소제를 처리하고 경과 시간별로 관찰했으며, 나출 원형질체로부터 식물체 재생을 위한 NAA와 thidiazuron의 효과를 조사하였다. Vibratome을 이용한 엽육조직 절단방법은 엽조직의 상해를 최소화하고 조직절편도 최소 50 $\mu\textrm{m}$까지 절단할 수 있기 때문에 urea 투과성 검정과 원형질체 나출을 위한 필수적인 기술이다. 세포활성에 대한 urea투과성 측정은 공시한 3종 식물의 PVMP에서 모두 Ks=2.Ox$10^{-5}$cm/sec 정도가 MP보다 높았다. 효소혼합 용액(1.5% Cellulase R-10, l% Driselase, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, 0.05% Pectolyase)을 4-8 시간 처리하는 것이 PVMP 나출에 유효하였다. 나출 원형체로부터의 캘러스 유기와 식물체 재생에는 2 mg/L NAA + 0.01 mg/L thidiazuron 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며 조직별로는 PVMP에서 월등한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 엽조직을 대상으로한 원형질체 배양에 있어서 엽록소의 함량이 많은 MP보다는 재생력이나 세포 활성이 강한 paraveinal 엽육조직 유래의 세포를 집약적으로 나출시켜 실험재료로 이용한다면 더 높은 식물체 재생률을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitive effect of a combined-herb prescription of Dansam-san (DSS) on formation of foam cells and cytokine. Methods : Experimental formation of foam cells was induced on macrophage RAW 264.7 with ox-LDL. The effect of DSS extract was observed by measuring the changes of CD36, $PPAR-{\Gamma}$, MMP-9, iNOS expression and changes of formation level of foam cells after treating experimentally induced foam cells with DSS extract. Then the antioxidative effect of DSS extract was compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Result and Conclusions : Results obtained are as follows: 1. DSS extract showed significant antioxidative effect at 8 mg/ml or more. 2. DSS extract inhibited the formation of foam cells. 3. DSS extract inhibited the creation and revelation of conversion-related material about foam cells. 4. DSS extract prohibited the increase of smooth muscle of vessels.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.675-686
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• 2005

It is known that appropriate exercise changes body composition and improves coronary artery disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between aerobic exercise, body composition, and the blood lipid levels in the middle-aged women(33 to 54 years old). The 57 subjects were divided into two groups based on their exercise: the aerobic exercise group(A group: 44) which performed at about $60\%$ of $VO_2max$ during over 6 months and the sedentary one(S group: 13). The percentages of body fat waist/hip ratio(WHR), body mass, and lean body mass of two groups were measured and compared in serum HDLC level and oxidized LDL level, the two most effective factors of coronary artery disease. The subjects in A group showed the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. The body mass and lean body mass of A group subjects were higher than those of S group subjects. The serum HDL-C level$(58.6\pm12.7mg/mL)$ was significantly higher for A than S group subjects.(p<0.05) The sem ox-LDL level $(6.64\pm4.11Eu/mL)$ for A group subjects was lower than S group ones. The fat mass showed significantly positive correlations with atherogenic index(AI)(r=0.301, p<0.05), and with blood glucose levels(r=0.334, p<0.05). Also the WHR whowed significantly positive correlations with LDL-C levels(r=0.277, p<0.05), and with AI(r=0.466, p<0.01). In summary, the subjects in A group have the lower percentages of body fat and WHR, when compared with the ones in S group. Also, A group subject showed a tendency that exercise enhances serum HDL-C levels and decreases oxidized LDL levels. And aerobic exercise showed positive results which change body composition and improve blood lipid levels. There were significantly positive correlations among the percentages of body fat At and blood glucose level. These results suggest that moderately intensive exercise is a significant factor in reducing coronary artery disease.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

20mol% Gd-doped CeO2 ultrafine powders as a promising electrolyte for the low temperature solid ox-ide fuel cells were synthesized with particle sizes of 15-20 nm using glycine nitrate process(GNP) fol-lowed by sintering their pellets at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for various times in air and then the electrical properties of the sintered pellets were investigated. The sintering behaviors and electrical properties for the sintered 20 sintered mol% Gd-doped CeO2 pellets were analyzed using dilatometer and SEM and AC two-terminal impedance technique respectively. As the heating temperature increased the synthesized powder had the sintering behaviors to show the start of the significant shrink at temperature of about $700^{\circ}C$ and to show the end of the shrink at the temperature of about 147$0^{\circ}C$. When the pellets were sintered with the vaious times at 150$0^{\circ}C$ the temperatuer which the shrink had been already completed the grain sizes in the sintered 20 mol% Gd-doped GeO2 pellets increased with the increase of the sintering time but their electrical resis-tivities showed the minimum value at the sintering time of 10h. It is due that the pellet sintered for 10h had the minimum activation energy fior the electtrical conduction. Thus it is thought that the decrease of the activation energy with the increase of the sintering time to 10h is induced by the enhanced mi-crostructure like the decrease of pore amount and the grain growth and its increase with the sintering times more than 10h is induced by the increase of the amounts of the impurities such as Mg. Al and Si from the sintering atmosphere.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.424-434
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• 2011

서울시내에서 2010년 중 유통된 한약규격품 19종 (360건)을 구입하여 면역친화성칼럼과 유도화장치가 부착된 액체크로마토그래프를 이용하여 아플라톡신의 함량을 분석 하였다. 그 결과 전체 시료 360건 중 아플라톡선 B1은 168건 (46.4%), 아플라톡신 B2는 92건 (25.4%), 아플라톡신 G1은 137건 (37.8%) 그리고 아플라톡신 G2는 88건 (24.3%) 검출되었고, 검출량은 아플라톡신 B1 $1.4{\pm}1.8\;{\mu}g/kg$, 아플라톡신 B2는 $0.4{\pm}1.1\;{\mu}g/kg$, 아플라톡신 G1은 $1.1{\pm}5.0\;{\mu}g/kg$ 그리고 아플라톡신 G2는 $0.9{\pm}3.4\;{\mu}g/kg$이었으며, 백자인과 빈랑자를 제외한 모든 시료에서 아플라톡선 B1 허용 기준 ($10\;{\mu}g/kg$ 이하)에 적합하였다. 위해성 평가 결과 전체 시료의 초과발암위해도는 B형 간염 비보균자의 경우는 $1.30{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.22{\times}10^{-7}$이었고, B형 간염보균자의 경우는 $3.31{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.12{\times}10^{-6}$의 범위이었다. 본 연구의 대부분 시료에서 아플라톡신의 오염량은 적은 것으로 평가되었으나, 다른 종류의 곰팡이독소와 다른 경로에 의한 아플라톡신의 섭취를 감안하여, 향후 아플라톡신을 비롯한 포괄적인 곰팡이독소에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 될 것으로 생각된다.