• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1029-1039
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• 2024

This study explores beneficial bacteria isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Khao Rai Leum Pua Phetchabun rice plants. A total of 315 bacterial isolates (KK001 to KK315) were obtained. Plant growth-promoting traits (phosphate solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production), and antimicrobial activity against three rice pathogens (Curvularia lunata NUF001, Bipolaris oryzae 2464, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) were assessed. KK074 was the most prolific in IAA production, generating 362.6 ± 28.0 ㎍/ml, and KK007 excelled in tricalcium phosphate solubilization, achieving 714.2 ± 12.1 ㎍/ml. In antimicrobial assays using the dual culture method, KK024 and KK281 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against C. lunata, and KK269 was particularly effective against B. oryzae. In the evaluation of antimicrobial metabolite production, KK281 and KK288 exhibited strong antifungal activities in cell-free supernatants. Given the superior performance of KK281, taxonomically identified as Bacillus sp. KK281, it was investigated further. Lipopeptide extracts from KK281 had significant antimicrobial activity against C. lunata and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.1 mg/ml against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of surfactin in the lipopeptide extract. The crude extract was non-cytotoxic to the L-929 cell line at tested concentrations. In conclusion, the in vitro plant growth-promoting and disease-controlling attributes of Bacillus sp. KK281 make it a strong candidate for field evaluation to boost plant growth and manage disease in upland rice.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2024

The world has witnessed tremendous advancements in nano-base applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) are widely used in food industry and medicine. Although their application is of important value, they may cause toxicity to body tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proved its efficacy in tissue regeneration especially when it is preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant (APS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ZON on the gastric mucosa and the therapeutic role of the PBMCs preconditioned by APS in rats. Ten rats were donors and fifty rats were recipients. The recipients were divided into; control group, ZON group (10 mg/kg/day orally for five days) and preconditioned PBMCs group (1×10⁷ once intravenously 24 hours after ZON). Gastric specimens were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies. ZON group showed marked structural changes in the gastric mucosa. There was desquamation or deep ulceration of the epithelium. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei were in glandular cells. Reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased tumor necrosis factor-α were in epithelial cells. There were significant elevation in malondialdahyde and reduction in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Enhancement in mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B and cyclooxygenase-2 was detected. The preconditioned PBMCs group showed significant improvement of all parameters. So, ZON had cytotoxic effects on the gastric mucosa and the preconditioned PBMCs had a therapeutic effect on gastric mucosal damage after ZON.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.286-293
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• 1991

$^{123}I$, which is applied for the thyroid and other in vivo kinetic study, has a special role in life sciences. The 159 KeV $\gamma-ray$ from $^{123}I$ is almost ideally appropriate for the current imaging instrumentation. Its decay mode (electron capture) and short half-life (13.3 hr) reduced the burden of radiation dose to the patients, and its chemical property makes it easy to synthesize the labelling compounds. In this experiment, the production of $^{123}I$ via the nuclear reaction $^{124}Te(p,2n)^{123}I$ with 28 MeV protons was sutdied. $TeO_2$ is used as a target material, because it has good physical properties. The target was prepared with $TeO_2$ powder and was molten into a ellipsoidal cavity (a=14 mm, b=10 mm, $270.8mg/cm^2$ thick) of pure platinum. The irradiation was carried out in the external proton beam with incident energies range from 28 MeV to 22 MeV, and current was $30{\mu}A$. The loss of $TeO_2$ target was significantly reduced by using $4\pi-cooling$ system in irradiation. The dry distillation method was adopted for the separation of $^{123}I$ from irradiated target, and when it was kept 5 minutes at $780^{\circ}C$, its result was quantitative. The loss of the target material $(TeO_2)$ was below 0.2% for each production run and $^{123}I$ from the dry distillation apparatus was captured with 0.01 N NaOH in $Na^{123}I$ form, then the pH of the solution was adjusted to $7.5\sim9.0$ with HC1/NaOH. The $Na^{123}I$ solution was passed through $0.2{\mu}m$ membrane filter, and sterilized under high pressure and temperature for 30 minutes. The production of $^{123}I$ is acceptable for clinical application based on the quality of USP XXI.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2010

Shrimp farming is the most important mariculture industry on the west coast of South Korea. However, it has suffered from mass mortality due to viral disease outbreaks and coastal pollution due to water discharge. This study developed an intensive shrimp culture method for outdoor ponds, without water exchange, which minimizes the chance of viral transmission from the environment, reduces coastal pollution by water discharge and enhances shrimp production. A culture trial was conducted in two high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-lined ponds with a $550\;m^2$ surface area. The ponds were stocked with postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei, the major farmed shrimp species in Korea, on July 10, 2007, and cultured for 90 days with no water exchange. The stocking density of the postlarvae (B.W. 0.0015 g) was $272\;ind./m^2$, which is eight times higher than in traditional pond culture in Korea. At harvest, the total production of ponds 1 and 2 was 1,362kg ($2.48\;kg/m^2$) and 1,282 kg ($2.33\;kg/m^2$), respectively. This is 20~22 times higher than the mean farmed shrimp production ($0.112\;kg/m^2$) in Korea and about eight times higher than in traditional ponds with a good harvest. Although there was no water exchange throughout the culture period, the mean concentrations of unionized ammonia and nitrite-nitrogen were as low as 0.038 and 6.0 mg/L, respectively. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was 1.38, which is 20~45% lower than that of traditional pond cultures. The high efficiency of the diet in this study is thought to be due to a well-managed feeding strategy and well-developed bioflocs used as diet additions for the shrimp. The final body weight of the shrimp at harvest was low (12.2~12.5 g), compared with that of traditional pond culture. This may have resulted from the combination of a short culture period, high density of shrimp, and low temperature. This study suggests that a super-intensive shrimp pond culture method using biofloc technology with no water exchange can minimize viral transmission via water exchange, reduce coastal pollution, and enhance shrimp production.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.170-170
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• 1998

In order to discover new types of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists, we have devoted our attention to investigating naturally occurring compounds having anti-5HT activity in vitro. Recently, ${\gamma}$-mangostin [1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2,8-bis(3-methyl-2-bytenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one] from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana Linn has been shown to be a selective antagonist for 5-hydroxytryptamine$_{2A}$ receptors in smooth muscle and platelets. It is of interesting that y-mangostin which does not have a nitrogen atom, possesses marked 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor blocking activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ${\gamma}$-mangostin on central 5-HT receptors by using animal behavioural models. Intracerebronventricular injection of ${\gamma}$-mangostin (10-40n mol/mouse) inhibited 5-fluoro-${\alpha}$-methyltryptamin (5-FMT) (45 mg kg$^{-1}$, i.p.)-induced head-twitch response in mice in the presence or absence of citalopram (5-HT-uptake inhibitor). Neither the 5-FMT- nor the 8-hydroxy-2-( di-n-propylamino )tetralin (5-HT$_{1A}$-agonist)-induced 5-HT syndrome (head weaving and hindlimb abduction) was affected by ${\gamma}$-mangostin. The locomotor activity stimulated by 5-FMT through the activation of at-adrenoceptors did not alter in the presence of ${\gamma}$-mangostin. 5-HT-induced inositol phosphates accumulation in mouse brain slices was abolished by ketanserin. ${\gamma}$-Mangostin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the inositol phosphates accumulation and the binding of [$^3H$]-spiperone, a specific 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptor antagonist, to mouse brain membranes. Kinetic analysis of the [$^H3$]-spiperone binding revealed that ${\gamma}$-mangostin increased the $_{d}$ value without affecting the $B_{max}$ value, indicating the mode of the competitive nature of the inhibition by ${\gamma}$-mangostin. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-mangostin inhibits 5-FMT-induced head-twitch response in mice by blocking 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptors not by blocking the release of 5-HT from the central neurone. ${\gamma}$-Mangostin is a promising 5-$HT_{2A}$ receptors antagonist in the central nervous system.m.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2002

본 연구는 채소류 모잘록병균인 R. solani AG4에 길항하는 미생물 B. ehimensis YJ-37의 500$m\ell$ 플라스크 배양, 5 $\ell$ jar fermentor 배양, 2,000 $\ell$ 대형탱크의 배양 조건 및 길항물질 생성능을 조사하였다. 500$m\ell$ 플라스크 배양에서의 길항물질 최적생산조건은 1.5% starch, 0.6% peptone, 0.3% $Na_2$HP $O_4$, 0.15% MgC1$_2$, pH 8.0, 배양온도 32$^{\circ}C$, 배양시간 54시간으로 나타났고, 이때 미생물의 수는 1.42$\times$$10^{ 8}$ cfu/$m\ell$21g-DCW/$\ell$), 항진균 활성은 13.9mm로 나타났다. 5$\ell$ jar fermenter 배양에서의 길항물질 최적생산조건은 플라스크배양에서의 최적 생산조건에서 공기주입량과 교반속도를 변화시켜 조사한 결과, 공기주입량 2 vvm, 교반속도 200 rpm, 배양시간 48시간 이후 미생물의 수와 균체의 량은 2.06 $\times$ $10^{8}$ cfu/$m\ell$ 및 30g-DCW/$\ell$, 항진균 활성은 13.4 mm로 나타났다. 2,000 $\ell$ 대형탱크 배양에서는 교반속도 200 rpm, 산소주입량 30 vvm으로 고정하고 10일간 배양하여 미생물의 생육 및 길항물질 생성능을 조사한 결과는 미생물의 수와 균체의 량은 0.81 $\times$ $10^{8}$ cfu/$m\ell$와 12g-DCW/$\ell$, 항진균 활성은 8.6mm로 나타나 5$\ell$ jar fermenter 배양에 배해 균의 수는 1/10로 줄었으며 항진균 활성도 64%로 낮게 나타났다.다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.856-868
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울 지역에 거주하는 일부 여대생을 대상으로 식생활 평가를 기준으로 두 그룹으로 분류하여 식생활 습관, 신체 발달, 건강습관 및 혈액 인자를 비교하여 건강상 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 원인을 찾아내어 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 전체 조사 대상자의 신장과 체중의 평균값은 각각 $162.02{\pm}4.89\;cm$과 $53.96{\pm}7.00\;kg$으로 조사되었다. 여대생의 식생활을 진단하기 위해 3점 척도로 살펴 본 결과, 전체 여대생의 식생활 진단 성적(1~10항목)은 평균 21.2점이었다. 평소 식사시간이 규칙적인 전체 여대생은 67.6%였으며, 아침식사를 매일 하는 여대생이 전체 중 30.5%에 불과하였으며, 주 중 최소한 한 번 이상은 결식하였다. 아침식사를 거르는 이유로는 '아침시간이 바쁘거나'(60.8%), '늦게 일어나서'(23.0%) 아침을 거르는 경우가 응답자의 83.8%나 되었다. 83.5%의 여대생은 가끔 또는 자주 과식을 하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 외식시 한식을 선호하였다. 여대생이 하루에 주로 1~2회 간식을 하였으며, 편식을 '자주 한다.'는 비율은 40.4%나 되었다. Good group에서는 간식으로 빵류 및 감자(39.3%), 탄산음료 및 빙과류(36.8%)를 섭취하였으며, Poor group에서는 우유 및 유제품(38.0%), 패스트푸드 및 튀김식품(22.8%)을 간식으로 섭취하였다. 전체 조사 대상자의 열량 섭취량은 $2,332.87{\pm}747.91\;kcal$로 한국인 영양 섭취 기준 중 20~29세 여성의 열량 필요 추정량으로 제시된 2,100 kcal보다 높게 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 열량, 지방, 비타민 $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, 엽산, 칼슘, 철, 아연, 인 등의 영양소 섭취는 식생활 평가 점수가 평균 이하로 낮은 그룹에서 높게 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 혈중 적혈구수의 경우 4.49~4.55(${\times}10^6/{\mu}L$)로 군 간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았으며, 전체 조사 대상자의 혈중 백혈구 수치는 $6.40{\pm}1.52({\times}10^3/{\mu}L$)이었다. 헤모글로빈 수치도 $13.77{\pm}1.00\;g/dL$로 정상 범위에 속하였으나 헤모글로빈 농도가 12 g/dL 이하인 여대생은 6.4%였으며, 기준치 11.1 g/dL로 제한하면 약 2.7%의 여대생만이 빈혈이었다. 그러나 hematocrit 함량이 33%를 cut-off point로 했을 때는 빈혈로 판정되는 여대생이 없었다. 총콜레스테롤 수치가 200 mg/dL 이상인 여대생은 23.9%로 조사되었으며, 중성지방, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol는 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 건강에 대한 관심도는 식생활 평가가 평균 이하로 낮은 그룹에서 24.5%로 높았으며, 오히려 식생활 평가가 높은 그룹에서는 49.6%의 여대생이 건강에 대한 관심이 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 건강을 유지하기 가장 중요한 부분으로는 규칙적인 식사와 영양 섭취, 충분한 휴식과 수면이 중요하다고 답하였다. 여대생의 경우 평균 수면 시간은 6~8시간이 가장 많았으며, 운동의 여부를 묻는 질문에는 식생활 평가가 평균 이하로 낮은 그룹에서 운동을 한다고 답한 여대생이 36.2%로 식생활 평가가 평균 이상으로 좋은 그룹의 여대생들(18.5%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구에서 전체적인 여대생의 식생활의 문제점으로는 아침식사의 결식, 과식과 편식하는 습관, 영양소의 불균형적인 섭취 및 운동의 부족 등이 문제시 되었으며, 식생활 평가가 평균 이하로 낮은 그룹에서는 간식으로 지방을 많이 함유한 패스트푸드나 튀김식품 등의 섭취 및 열량위주의 식사가 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 식생활 평가가 평균 이상으로 좋은 그룹의 여대생들의 가장 큰 문제점은 간식으로 탄산음료 및 빙과류의 섭취가 높으며, 과일 섭취의 부족 및 운동 부족으로 자신의 건강을 소홀히 생각하고 있다는 점이었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 자신의 건강상태를 바르게 판단하여 자신에게 맞는 현실적으로 실천 가능한 식생활 계획을 세우는 것이 필요하며, 대학에서 영양과 건강에 관한 수업의 실시 및 대중화함으로써 영양교육의 강화가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 지역사회 구성원 및 가족과 함께 실천할 수 있는 식사 관리 프로그램을 마련하는 것도 좋은 방법 중의 하나라고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2006

본 연구는 일반현미와 발아현미의 항산화력의 차이를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 일반현미와 발아현미 2종(2.5 mm 발아, 5 mm발아)의 총 메탄올 추출물의 SOD 유사활성과 nitrite 소거능을 측정한 결과 모든 시료에서 농도 의존적으로 유의성 있게 활성이 증가하였으며 발아정도에 따라 활성이 달라졌다. 각 시료의 총 메탄올 추출물을 용매의 극성차이를 이용하여 hexane, EtOAc, 물로 분획하고 다시 각 분획물의 SOD 유사활성 및 nitrite 소거능을 측정하여 활성을 비교하였다. 모든 분획물에서 발아가 더 많이 진행될수록 SOD유사활성이 증가하여 특히 5 mm 발아현미의 hekane 분획물과 EtOAc 분획물은 양성 대조군으로 사용한 vitamin C 50 ppm의 74.1%보다 우수하였으며, vitamin C 100 ppm의 94.0%과 유사한 정도의 활성을 보였다. $EC_{50}$ 값 역시 발아정도에 따라 크게 낮아졌으며, 특히 vitamin C의 $EC_{50}$ 값이 38 ppm이었으나, 5 mm 발아현미의 EtOAc 분획물의 $EC_{50}$ 값은 17 ppm으로 분획물임에도 불구하고 vitamin C보다 더 낮은 농도에서 활성을 가졌다. Nitrite 소거능은 현미와 발아현미 모두에서 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, pH 1.5에서 물분획물의 $IC_{50}$ 값은 현미 325 ppm, 2.5 mm 발아현미 120ppm, 5 mm 발아현미 122 ppm으로 현미와 발아현미간의 차이는 컸으나, 2.5 mm 발아현미와 5 mm 발아현미간의 차이는 적어 발아에 의해 더 낮은 농도에서 nitrite 소거능을 가지게 됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 경향은 hexane 분획물과 물분획물에서도 동일하게 나타났다.각각 9.88, 30.8 및 46.5 mg/kg이었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해 CCA 구성 성분은 방부목재로부터 환경 중으로 용출되는 것을 알 수 있었으며 그 성분들이 인간과 생태계에 미칠 악영향을 평가할 필요가 있음을 시사하였다.을 것으로 판단된다.상시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 모든 결과로 볼 때 율무의 추출 효소는 chymotrypsin-like serine protease에 속하는 혈전용해효소임을 확인할 수 있었다.smotic control group(A/B 25)에선 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 후기당화합물이 첨가된 경우에 SEM상 분리된 세포사이이음(intercellular junction)과 융합된 미세융모를 관찰할 수 있었다. BSA의 투과성은 일 주 배양 후 A30 dish에서만 일 주 배양 후 B5 dish에 비해 19% 증가하는 소견을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 결론 : 사구체 상피세포의 HSPG 형성의 감소에 고농도의 당과 후기당화합물은 서로 부가적인 역할을 하고 후기당화합물이 더 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있다. HSPG 감소 소견과 더불어 SEM상 장기간 고혈당을 유지하면 사구체 여과기전에서 size-selective와 charge-selective 장벽에 결함을 유발할 수 있으며 당뇨병에서의 단백뇨의 기전 중 하나로 생각된다. MAR 값은 군간 유의적이지는 않으나 과체중군(0.76)이 정상체중(0.73) 또는 저체중군(0.73)에 비해 높은 값은 보여주었다. 9. 철분은 과체중군(1.67)이 저체중(0.80) 또는 정상 체중군(0.82)에 비해 영양 질적 지수(INQ)가 높았으며(p<0.0335), 비타민 $B_1$은 정상 체중군이 유의적으로 가장 높은 영양 질적 지수를 보여주었다(p<0.0452)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1880-1893
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• 2015

In this study, Pseudomonas R0-14, which was isolated from Arctic soil samples, showed a clear halo when grown on M9 medium agarose plates containing olive oil-rhodamine B as substrate, suggesting that it expressed putative lipase(s). A putative lipase gene, lipR, was cloned from R0-14 by genome walking and Touchdown PCR. lipR encodes a 562-amino-acid polypeptide showing a typical α/β hydrolase structure with a catalytic triad consisting of Ser₁₅₃-Asp₂₀₂-His₂₆₀ and one α-helical lid (residues 103-113). A phylogenetic analysis revealed that LipR belongs to the lipase subfamily I.3. LipR was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and biochemically characterized. Recombinant LipR exhibited its maximum activity towards p-nitrophenyl butyrate at pH 8.5 and 60℃ with a K_m of 0.37 mM and a k_cat of 6.42 s^-1. It retained over 90% of its original activity after incubation at 50℃ for 12 h. In addition, LipR was activated by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Sr²⁺, while strongly inhibited by Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Moreover, it showed a certain tolerance to organic solvents, including acetonitrile, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and tert-butanol. When algal oil was hydrolyzed by LipR for 24 h, there was an enrichment of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (1.22%, 1.65-fold), docosapentaenoic acid (21.24%, 2.04-fold), and docosahexaenoic acid (36.98%, 1.33-fold), and even a certain amount of diacylglycerols was also produced. As a result, LipR has great prospect in industrial applications, especially in food and/or cosmetics applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 1996

The effects of diets differing in protein content through soybean meal supplementation on ruminal fractionation of selenium (Se) were studied. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three Japanese Corriedale wethers (45 kg average body weight), three periods, and three dietary treatment. The three dietary treatments were : Diet 1, without soybean meal supplementation (14% crude protein, CP); Diet 2, with 10% soybean meal supplementation (16.5% CP); and Diet 3, with 20% soybean meal supplementation (19% CP). All the diets had a Se supplementation in the form of sodium selenite at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The Se supplement and the concentrate mixture were fed only in the morning before the hay was given. Daily feeding schedule for gay was set at 09:00 and 17:00 h. On the final day of collection period, ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-feeding starting at 09:00 h. Total ruminal fluid Se was markedly higher (p<0.05) in Diet 3 than those in Diets 1 and 2 at almost all sampling time except at 24 h. The proportion of Se in soluble protein to the total ruminal Se was higher (p< 0.05) in Diet 3 (40%) followed by Diet 2 (28%) and Diet 1 (21%). The proportion of free inorganic Se to the total ruminal Se was the reverse, especially after two hours where Diet 1 (p<0.05) was higher than the other diets. Bacterial Se was lower (p < 0.05) in Diet 1 than those in Diets 2 and 3 at any sampling time. The highest was observed at 2 h postprandially in all diets with a value of 421, 556, $655{\mu}g/kg$ bacterial DM for Diet 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on ruminal pH, ammonia and total nolatile fatty acids although increasing protein supplementation tended to decline the ruminal pH and increase ruminal ammonia. This study concludes that increasing dietary protein content by soybean meal supplementation can affect the ruminal Se metabolism.