• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.855-862
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• 2013

Although antioxidant activities of Korean traditional fermented foods were reported by many researchers, study on antioxidant activity of microorganism originated from Korean traditional fermented foods was little. Therefore, we improved condition for antioxidant production by a bacterium isolated from home-made Chungkookjang. We selected a bacterial strain, which showed the highest antioxidative activity, from Chungkookjang and then named GJ. The selected GJ strain was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus by alignment data of 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. Improved medium compositions for DPPH radical scavenging activity were 0.25% sucrose, 1% peptone, 0.01% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and initial pH 6.5, respectively. Optimal culture conditions were $30^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm and 4% inoculum volume, respectively. In improved conditions, DPPH radical scavenging activity of GJ reached to 91% in a short time. The strain GJ also possessed ACE inhibition and other antioxidative activities; ACE inhibition activity (49.4%), ABTS radical scavenging activity (99.8%), metal chelating activity (67.9%), SOD-like activity (36.5%) and reducing power ($A_{700}$ = 5.982) were observed, respectively. Therefore, our results suggest that B. methylotrophicus GJ strain may be potential candidate for functional foods, cosmetic products for anti-aging and medicine for diseases caused by oxidative stress.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

It was investigated to study the sensory and physicochemical properties of chicken consomme made with different boiling time(1, 2, 3, and 4 hr). The sensory properties were evaluated with respect to both the acceptability (color, smell, mouthfeel, taste, overall acceptability) and intensity characteristics (color, smell, clarify, taste). From the results, the 3hr treatment was most favored for smell, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability, from the sensory evaluation tests. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis of the sensory evaluation for the treatments, the color and smell showed higher scores by increasing the boiling time. Whereas, in clarify and taste, the 3hr treatment showed the highest values. As for the physicochemical characteristics, the pH was increased with increasing boiling time. The reducing sugars, turbidity and viscosity increased with increasing boiling time. The colorimetric lightness values L decreased, and redness a, yellowness b and color difference values ΔE increased with increasing boiling time. There were 18 free amino acids indentified ； the glutamic acid, alanine, arginine and lysine were high in the free amino acid of the chicken consomme made with different boiling times. There were 3 free sugar indentified, glucose, fructose and sucrose. The free amino acid and free sugars contents increased with increasing boiling time. There were changes in the mineral contents of the chicken consomme made with different boiling time ; with high K, Na, P, Mg, Ca and Fe contents. The mineral contents increased with increasing boiling time. Especially, the 3hr treatments was more highly increased than rest of the treatments in all characteristics. The results showed the chicken consomme made by boiling far 3hr was the most preferably in the sensory and physicochemical quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

To present and assess the efficacy of combination of microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration(MESA) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) for the treatment of infertility due to unreconstructable obstructive azoospermia or congenital bilateral agenesis of vas deferens (CBAVD), MESA was performed in the 45 husbands ( 16 CBAVD, 29 unreconstructable genital tract obstruction), followed by ICSI of oocytes recovered from the wives hyperstimulated by GnRH agonist in combination with hMG and FSH. Cleaving embryos were transfered to the uterine cavity or follopian tube(ZIFT) 18 or 24 hours after ICSI procedure. In 45 cycles of MESA, 492 oocyte complexes were recovered. ICSI was carried out on 355 metaphase II oocytes and 226 oocytes (63.7%) showed normal two pronucleus fertilization. After 198 embryos were transferred in 43 cycles, an average of 5 per cycle, 20 patients presented a positive HCG and intrauterine pregnancy was confirmed by US. So, the clinical ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer was 46.5%. Until now, 8 patients have given birth to 9 babies, 5 male and 4 female, including 1 twin. The babies were all healthy except 1 twin female baby. There was 1 miscarriage at 7 weeks and chromosomal study of abortus revealed as 45X, monosomy. These results suggested that it was possible to achieve high normal fertilization and pregnancy rate by ICSI using epididymal sperm.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 1986

Many experiments have showed that the sodium and potassium ion transporting system and the Na, $^+K^+$-ATPase activity of membrane fragments are inhibited by digitalis glycosides and that the pump may be associated with the pharmacological receptor for the drugs. The aim of our investigation is to elucidate the ouabain binding sites occupation in heart following infusion of ouabain to intact animals by the $^3H$-ouabain binding assay. Lethal dose and 26 percent of lethal dose of ouabain were infused to intact rabbit through ear vein. Microsomal fraction was fractionated from ouabain treated rabbit heart. $^3H$-ouabain binding to these fraction in vitro was studied by the Schwartz's method. $^3H$-ouabain binding to heart microsomal fraction was also studied following infusion of ginseng ethanol extract and caffeine to rabbits respectively. 1) The infusion of lethal dose ouabain (113$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) inhibited the specific $^3H$-ouabain binding to rabbit heart microsomal fraction to the level of 60% (p<0.01) of control group and the infusion of 26% of lethal dose of ouabain led to the level of 79% (p<0.01) of the control group. 2) Time course of binding of 0.4$\mu{M}$ $^3H$-ouabain to microsomal fraction from rabbit heart following infusion of lethal and 26% of lethal dose of ouabain showed dose dependence at various incubation time. 3) Compared with control, only slight change of $K_d$ and $B_{max}$ was detected in in vitro $^3H$-ouabain binding after infusion of ginseng ethanol extract (300mg/kg) to rabbit. 4) In caffeine infusion group, $^3H$-ouabain binding yielded nearly the same results as control group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

Pollen has been used for Prevention or treatment of certain diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, or cancer in traditional medicine. In addition, pollen is under investigation as a host cell for a gene expression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunologic safety of pollen intake. BALB/c mice were administered with 500, 50,5, or 0.5 mg/kg bw of lily pollen for five times a week for four weeks through gastric intubation. Comparing the control mice administered with distilled water, no significant changes were observed in body weight gain, weight of liver, spleen, lung, and his-topathological findings of liver and kidney of the mice groups administered with the pollen. Plasma level of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE was not different among the groups. When splenic B lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharides for 7 days, level of IgGl and IgGwa produced in the culture supernatants was not significantly different among the groups. Furthermore, no significant alteration was observed in IL-4 and $IFN{\gamma}$ producing ability with splenic T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinins for 48 hours between the pollen-administered and the control mice. Overall, this study suggests that the lily pollen intake is Inducing no significant modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2B
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• pp.59-68
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• 2008

In order to activate the digital broadcasting in Korea, the analog broadcasting will have been closed down until 2012. Recently IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) thorough internet has been regarded as the fourth media following the terrestrial, satellite, and cable for the digital broad casting. And it has been the important medium for the communication and broadcasting system. However IP is not easy to replace the entire broadcasting system with the digital - type broadcasting system. For the digital broadcasting, we should replace all TV sets, install the settop-boxes to receive the various IP media, solve problems about time delaying when changing channels, and support communication and broadcasting consolidation service for such as PVR and Network CCTV. IPMG is the digital converter that is able to solve these problems. In this paper, I'll develop and analyze IPMG converter's performance which sends and receives both the analogue and digital broadcasting signals through various media gives the Network PVR service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2001

The structure zone model has been used to provide an overview of the relationship between the microstructure of the films deposited by PVD and the most prominent deposition condition.s. B.AMovchan and AV.Demchishin have proposed it firstls such model. They concluded that the general features of the resulting structures could be correlated into three zones depending on $T/T_m$. Here T m is the melting point of the coating material and T is the substrate temperature in kelvines. Zone 1 ($T/Tm_) is dominated by tapered macrograins with domed tops, zone 2 ($O.3) by columnar grains with denser boundaries and zone 3 ($T/T_m>O.5$) by equiaxed grains formed by recrystallization. J.AThomton has extended this model to include the effect of the sputtering gas pressure and found a fourth zone termed zone T(transition zone) consisting of a dense array of poorly defined fibrous grains. R.Messier found that the zone I-T boundary (fourth zone of Thorton) varies in a fashion similar to the film bias potential as a function of gas pressure. However, there has not nearly enough model for explaining the change in morphology with crystal orientation of the films. The structure zone model only provide an information about the morphology of the deposited film. In general, the nucleation and growth mechanism for granular and fine structure of the deposited films are very complex in an PVD technique because the morphology and orientation depend not only on the substrate temperature but also on the energy of deposition of the atoms or ions, the kinetic mechanism between metal atoms and argon or nitrogen gas, and even on the presence of impurities. In order to clarify these relationship, AI and Mg thin films were prepared on SPCC steel substrates by PVD techniques. The influence of gas pressures and bias voltages on their crystal orientation and morphology of the prepared films were investigated by SEM and XRD, respectively. And the effect of crystal orientation and morphology of the prepared films on corrosion resistance was estimated by measuring polarization curves in 3% NaCI solution.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1990

Hydrogen evolution from biomass-derived carbohydrates by some Clostridia and optimal culture conditions for hydrogen evolution were investigated. Among the organisms tested, Clostridium butyricum was efficient hydrogen producer with starch, xylan, pectin, cellobiose and xylose. In batch fermentation of Cl. butyricum, optimal conditions for hydrogen evolution were achieved at pH 7.0-8.5, 10-50 mM phosphate, and 2% (w/v) glucose. Total amount of molecular hydrogen evolved by the organism slightly increased at the presence of acetate (<150 mM) or butyrate (<20 mM) in the initial fermentation medium. Especially, in case of more than the above concentration of butyrate, growth and hydrogen evolution were dramatically inhibited. In the conditions were described here, 70 mmole of molecular hydrogen per mg of DCW was produced with 1%(w/v) glucose by the organism.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.215-224
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• 1999

After Triton WR-1339 (TX; 600mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection, hepatic tissues of ICR mice were intragastric injected with Hyulboochucketang extract(HCE; 3.3ml/kg/day) were observed to investigate the suppressive effect of lipid accumulation that evoke by the antihyperlipidemic effect of HCE. These hepatic tissues were fixed in fromol-calcium solution and were cryocut. These tissues stained by H&E for general morphology, sudan black B for lipid and perchloric acid-naphthoquinone(PAN) method for cholesterol. After TX treatment, the increase of hepatocyte having meshlike cytoplasm(HHMC) were shown in all hepatic lobules and the hepatic plates were disappeared in the aggregative region of HHMC. The number of blue black colored lipid drop and dark green colored asterisk shaped cholesterol particle in hepatic cytoplasm were increased and the size of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were enlarged. But, in HCE-treated mice, the HHCM were disappeared and hapatic plate were rearranged. The number of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were decreased than TX-treated mice and the size of lipid drop and cholesterol particle were diminished. As results indicated that the HCE work on the suppression of lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue of hyperlipidemic mice caused by disturbance of lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.19-30
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• 2014

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are severe hepatotoxins for mammalian and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Irrigation water for grain and vegetables is often contaminated with cyanobacteria and microcystin during warm seasons. We assessed the effects of various concentrations (0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$) of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) exposure on Oryza sativa (rice) and Brassica oleraces var. italica (broccoli). The $EC_{50}$ of leaves and roots of rice was 0.9 and $1.1{\mu}gMC-LRmL^{-1}$, respectively. The no observed effect level (NOEL) of rice was less than $0.1{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ ($100{\mu}gL^{-1}$). The $EC_{50}$ of the stems and roots of broccoli was 8.7 and $7.2{\mu}gMC-RRmL^{-1}$, respectively. There was no difference in the germination rate of broccoli among microcystin-RR concentrations. After exposure to 0, 0.01 to $10{\mu}gmL^{-1}$ MC-RR for seven days, 14, 89 and 154 ng mg-1 (dry weight) MC-RR accumulated in B. oleracea. These $EC_{50}$ values showed that microcystin-LR and -RR affected the growth of rice and broccoli. These findings suggest that MC is carried into terrestrial ecosystems via irrigation, and that the biota of higher ecological niches can be influenced by MC through bioaccumulation. Therefore, a guideline for MC concentrations in irrigation water should be set using the NOEL.