• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.516-518
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• 2003

Six year-old female shihtzu was presented as primary epileptic seizure. We had been treated with high dose phenobarbital sodium (6.5 mg/kg), but could not achieved adequate control seizures. In an add-on therapy, the dog was given potassium bromide at a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg daily for a period of 24 months. This dog has showed a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The therapeutic range of serum concentration of potassium bromide was from 0.7 to 1.3 mg/ml at 6weeks after treatment. To begin an add-on therapy with potassium bromide it can be recommended at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate anti-ischemic effect of LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture Methods: I designed to investigate whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats and to make manifest whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was de terminated by video microscope and width analyzer. Results: The results were as follows; 1. LR1 Reduction in Acupuncture was increased rCBF and PAD, but decreased MABP. 2. HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, but decreased MABP, and increased PAD. 3. LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, PAD, but decreased MABP after withdrawing of the needle. This results suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1mg/kg, i,v.) was significantly inhibited LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but increased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP after withdrawing of the needle. 5. Pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i,v.) was decreased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but accelerated LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP. Conclusions: I suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, and the mechanism is mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.690-698
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• 2012

Cr-B2, a Gram-negative hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reducing bacteria, was isolated from the aerator water of an activated sludge process in the wastewater treatment facility of a dye and pigment based chemical industry. Cr-B2 exhibited a resistance for 1,100 mg/l Cr(VI) and, similarly, resistance against other heavy metal ions such as $Ni^{2+}$ (800 mg/l), $Cu^{2+}$ (600 mg/l), $Pb^{2+}$ (1,100 mg/l), $Cd^{2+}$ (350 mg/l), $ZN^{2+}$ (700 mg/l), and $Fe^{3+}$ (1,000 mg/l), and against selected antibiotics. Cr-B2 was observed to efficiently reduce 200 mg/l Cr(VI) completely in both nutrient and LB media, and could convert Cr(VI) to Cr(III) aerobically. Cr(VI) reduction kinetics followed allosteric enzyme kinetics. The $K_m$ values were found to be 43.11 mg/l for nutrient media and 38.05 mg/l for LB media. $V_{max}$ values of 13.17 mg/l/h and 12.53 mg/l/h were obtained for nutrient media and LB media, respectively, and the cooperativity coefficients (n) were found to be 8.47 and 3.49, respectively, indicating positive cooperativity in both cases. SEM analysis showed the formation of wrinkles and depressions in the cells when exposed to 800 mg/l Cr(VI) concentration. The organism was seen to exhibit pleomorphic behavior. Cr-B2 was identified on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing chracterizations and found to be Acinetobacter sp.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2002

The 2.5 vol% TiNi/6061Al composites were fabricated by permanent mold casting, and its microstructures and tensile test for the cold rolled composites with maximum 50% reduction ratio were investigated. In the case of TiNi fiber with 2mm interval in preform, the interface bonding of fabricated composites were good. EPMA analysis results were found the small amount of Mg, Si segregated interface of diffusion layer. Transverse section of TiNi fiber was decreased with increasing reduction ratio and 40% reduction ratio was observed microcrack from TiNi fiber. And the tensile strength of composites at 38% reduction ratio was 194MPa. In the case of over 38% reduction ratio, the decrease of the tensile strength was due to TiNi fiber rupture by excess working. The fracture mode was appeared brittle fracture with increasing reduction ratio

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.495-500
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• 2014

Magnesium alloys are currently expected to be widely used for weight reduction of cars and as high efficient materials in the automotive and electronics industries. Although the specific strength of magnesium is excellent, it cannot be easily formed at room temperature due to its HCP structure. However in order to improve the formability of magnesium, it is necessary to investigate its formability in the warm temperature range. In the current study, the aim was to add to the magnesium property database so that the mass production of a magnesium car body can be accomplished. Warm tensile tests were conducted and the forming limit diagram was determined to confirm formability characteristics of magnesium AZ31B alloy sheet. In addition the bending formability and the magnesium damping capacity were evaluated for AZ31B and compared to SPRC440E which is a sheet steel used for car bodies.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

Melittin-induced pain model has been known to be very useful for the study of pain mechanism. Melittin-induced nociceptive responses are reported to be modulated by the changes in the activity of excitatory amino acid receptor, calcium channel, spinal serotonin receptor and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the melittin-induced nociception. Changes in mechanical threshold, flinchings and paw thickness were measured before and after intraplantar injection of melittin in the rat hind paw. Also studied were the effects of intraperitonealy administered diclofenac (25 mg & 50 mg/kg), piroxicam (10 mg & 20 mg/kg) and meloxicam (10 mg & 20 mg/kg) on the melittin-induced nociceptions. Intraplantar injection of melittin caused marked reduction of mechanical threshold that was dose-dependently attenuated by non-selective COX inhibitor (diclofenac) and selective COX-1 inhibitor (piroxicam), but not by COX-2 inhibitor (meloxicam). Melittin-induced flinchings were strongly suppressed by non-selective COX and COX-1 inhibitor, but not by COX-2 inhibitor. None of the COX inhibitors had inhibitory effects on melittin-induced increase of paw thickness (edema). These experimental findings suggest that COX-1 plays an important role in the melittin-induced nociceptive responses.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), on the immune system of the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were injected twice intraperitoneally with DEHP (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW), and the cellularity and functional activity of phagocytes in the spleen and head kidney were measured. The number of head kidney leukocyte cells was significantly greater in fish treated with 800-mg DEHP/kg BW. Nonspecific immunity, as determined by the phagocytic index, was significantly decreased at 800-mg DEHP/kg BW in the head kidney. A significant reduction in phagocytic capacity was observed in the head kidney at ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase indicated a marked hepatic dysfunction in immunosuppressed fish. Total serum protein was significantly reduced at ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW; however, there were no significant changes in lysozyme activity. These results demonstrate that immune responses in the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus can predict immunotoxicity at doses ${\geq}$400-mg DEHP/kg BW.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2021

In this study, we examined corrosion behaviors of two types of Pb alloys for a lead acid battery comparatively. One containing 6.6 wt% Sn, 36 mg/kg Bi, and 612.4 mg/kg Ca was prepared by twin-roll continuous casting. The other containing 5.2 wt% Sn, 30.5 mg/kg Ag, and 557 mg/kg Ca was made by twin-belt continuous casting. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed to evaluate corrosion resistance. Cyclic voltammetry was done to examine oxidation and reduction reactions occurring on the surface of each alloy in 4.8 M H₂SO₄ solution. Electrochemical test results implied that the Pb alloy prepared with the twin-belt casting method was less stable than that cast with the twin-roll method. Such results might be due to precipitations formed during the casting process. Rolling did not appear to affect the corrosion behavior of the twin-roll samples with Ag < 10 mg/kg, while it reduced the anodic reaction of Ag on the surface of the twin-belt sample with 30.5 mg/kg Ag.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2022

This study aims to improve the machinability of gray cast irons in high speed cutting by using nonmetallic inclusions. In this research, small quantities of AL and Mg were added to conventional gray cast irons without influencing their mechanical characteristics and castability to investigate the effects of these nonmetallic inclusions in the gray cast irons on tool wear in high speed cutting. During the high speed turning of gray cast iron containing Al and Mg using a cermet tool, protective layers consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Mn, S and O were detected on the flank face and rake face of the tool, and flank and crater wear were significantly reduced compared to the turning of conventional gray cast iron and gray cast iron added with Al. The effect of inclusions on tool wear increased with increasing cutting speed, and flank and crater wear was the smallest at the cutting speed of 700m/min. Moreover, in face milling, the addition of Al and Mg drastically decreased the wear rate, and wear hardly progressed even in prolonged cutting length after initial wear. The amount of adhesion on tool faces increased as the cutting speed increased. This increase in cutting speed resulted in the formation of a thick protective layer and the reduction of tool wear. Furthermore, the addition of small amounts of Al and Mg prevented thermal cracks in the face milling of gray cast irons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.497-505
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• 2005

Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants are mostly based on biological treatment, in which large amounts of excess sludge are generated and occupy about 40 ~ 60% of the total sewage treatment costs. Several methods for sludge treatment has been so far reported as upgrading biodegradation of sludge; heat treatment, chemical treatment, including thermo-alkali and ozone, mechanical treatment including ultrasonic pulverization. But, it has a limitation in case of reducing the amount of excess sludge which are already producted. In this study, application of excess sludge reduction process using thermophilic aerobic bacteria for activated sludge was examined. The research was carried out two different stage. one for a biological wastewater treatment and the other for a thermophilic aerobic solubilization of the waste sludge. A portion of excess sludge from the wastewater treatment step was into the thermophilic aerobic sludge solubilization reactor, in which the injected sludge was solubilized by thermophilic aerobic bacteria. The solubilized sludge was returned to the aeration tank in the wastewater treatment step for its further degradation. Sludge solubilization reactor was operated at $63{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.5 ~ 1.7 day. Control group was operated with activated sludge process(AS) and experiment group was operated with three conditions(RUN 1, RUN 2, RUN3). RUN 1 was operated with AS without sludge solubilization reactor. RUN 2 were operated with AS with sludge solubilization reactor to examine correlation between sludge circulation ratio and sludge reduction ratio by setting up sludge circulation ratio to 3. RUN 3 was operated with sludge circulation ratio of 3 and MLSS concentration of 1,700~2,000mg/L to examine optimum operation condition. The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge solubilization ratio and sludge reduction ratio were 53. 7%, 95.2% respectively. After steady state operation, average concentration of TBOD, SBOD, $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$, TSS, VSS, T-N, T-P of effluent were 4.5, 1.7, 27 .8, 13.8, 8.1, 6.2, 15.1, 1.8mg/L in the control group and were 5.6, 2.0, 28.6, 19.1, 9.7, 7.2, 16.1, 2.0mg/L in the experimental group respectively. They were appropriate to effluent standard of Sewage Treatment Plants.