• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2017

Changes in the cell growth and lipid accumulation of marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta were investigated in response to the combination of different stress factors including the variation of iron supply as a primary stress factor and different options in light irradiation and $CO_2$ supply as a secondary stress factor. High or limited Fe conditions could act as a stress for lipid synthesis. As a secondary stress factor, non-$CO_2$ condition was good for lipid accumulation, but the overall cell growth was sacrificed significantly after a long-time cultivation. Dark condition as a secondary stress factor also favored lipid accumulation and the extent of cell density reduction at the early period in the dark was small compared to other stress conditions. The two-stage cultivation strategy was necessary to maximize lipid production because tendencies of the cell growth and lipid content were not identical under the chosen stress condition. The first stage was for preparing a high cell density under the normal growth-favoring condition and the second stage was the stress condition to induce lipid accumulation in a short time. The short-term (12 h) incubation under the 5X Fe (3.25 mg/L) and dark conditions resulted in the best lipid productivity of 1.44 g/L/d providing 2 g/L inoculum at the second stage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6311-6314
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• 2013

Background: While 5-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy is standard practice, efforts have been focused in developing a single port surgery for cosmetic reasons. However, this is still in the pioneering stage considering the challenging nature of the surgical procedures. We have therefore focused on reduced port surgery, using only 2-ports. In this study, we compared 2-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy (2-port RP) and conventional 5-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for clinically localized prostate carcinoma and evaluated the potential advantages of each. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2010, all 23 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP. Starting November, 2010, when we introduced the reduced port approach, we performed this procedure for 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer (cT1c, cT2N0). The patients were matched 1:1 to 2-port RP or LRP for age, preoperative serum PSA level, clinical stage, biopsy and pathological Gleason grade, surgical margin status, pad-free rates and post-operative pain. Results: There was a significant difference in operative time between the 2-port RP and LRP groups ($286.5{\pm}63.3$ and $351.8{\pm}72.4$ min: p=0.0019, without any variation in blood loss (including urine) ($945.1{\pm}479.6$ vs $1271.1{\pm}871.8ml$: p=0.13). The Foley catheter indwelling period was shorter in the 2 port RP group, but without significance ($5.6{\pm}1.8$ vs $8.0{\pm}5.6$ days: p=0.057) and the total perioperative complication rates for 2 port RP and LRP were comparable at 4.5% and 8.7% (p=0.58). There was an improvement in pad-free rates up to 6 months follow-up (p=0.090), and significantly improvement at 1 year (p=0.040). PSA recurrence was 1 (4.5%) in 2-port RP and 2 (8.7%) in LRP. Continuous epidural anesthesia was used in most of LRP patients (95.7%) and in early 2-port RP patients (40.9%). In these patients, average total amount of Diclofenac sodium was 27.8mg/patient in 2-port RP and 50.0mg/patient in LRP. Conclusions: Thus the reduced port approach is as efficacious as LRP in terms of many outcome measures, with significant cosmetic advantages and reduction in post surgical pain. This method can be readily performed safely and therefore can be recommended as a standard laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer in the future.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 1993

This study investigated the behaviour of sulfur species after the early diegenetic reduction of sulfate from pore solution in an anoxic intertidal flat deposit in the Banweol area of Kyeong-gi Bay, west coast of Korea. A total of seven sediment cores were collected during 1990∼1992 and were analyzed for their solid-phase sulfur species (acid-volatile sulfur, element sulfur, pyrite sulfur) as well as for chemical components in the pore solution, such as sulfate, ammonium, hydrogen sulfide, phosphate and Fe ion. The pore water sulfate oncentration was found to decrease rapidly downward from the sediment surface, while that of hydrogen sulfide, ammonium and phosphate showed and increase. The dissolved iron concentration in pore water, on the other hand, was found high in the surface layer of sediment, but fell sharply below this layer. these characteristic profiles of pore water sulfide and iron concentrations suggest that some reaction occurs between dissolved iron and sulfide ions, leading to the formation of various sulfide minerals in the sedimentary phase. The amount of inorganic sulfur species in the sediment increased downward, and showed a maximum of up to 7.9 mg/g. among the three species analyzed, acid-volatile sulfur (AVS) was dominant comprising more than 50% of the total. The amount of pyrite sulfur was greater than that of element sulfur. This implies that the formation of pyrite was restricted in this environment. the limited amount of element sulfur in this deposit may have discouraged the active formation of pyrite.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.374-379
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• 2017

Hair loss affects interpersonal relationships and causes psychological stress. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR) and its effects on dermal papilla (DP) cells. Antioxidant efficacy was examined by ABTS assay. To confirm the effect on cell activity, MTS assay was performed and cell count was directly measured by hemocytometer. The mRNA expression of genes involved in hair formation and hair loss formation was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. CWR has a strong antioxidant activity. Cell viability of DP cells was increased to 118.5% by treatment of 0.5 mg/ml CWR for 24 hours, but the effect on the cell number was insignificant. These results suggest that CWR increases mitochondrial activity without promoting cell proliferation. Treatment of DP cells with 0.5 mg/ml CWR resulted in 48.5% reduction of mRNA expression of type 2 $5{\alpha}$-reductase, a major cause of male hair loss. In addition, mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic pretein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)7, and FGF10, which are closely related to hair growth, was also decreased. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a cause of hair loss. The excellent antioxidant efficacy of CWR is thought to be able to effectively remove ROS. The dihydrotestosterone produced by type 2 $5{\alpha}$-reductase in DP cells is a potent inducer of male pattern hair loss. The inhibitory effect of type 2 $5{\alpha}$-reductase mRNA on DP cells induced by CWR may induce a positive therapeutic effect of male pattern hair loss.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to examine the lung injury and inflammation caused by manual metal arc stainless steel(MMA-SS) welding fume inhalation and to evaluate the recovery process. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to MMA-SS welding fumes for 2 h per day in a whole-body exposure chamber, with a total suspended particulate(TSP) concentration of $51.4{\pm}2.8mg/m^3$(low dose) or $84.6{\pm}2.9mg/m^3$(high dose) for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed after 30 days of exposure as well as after a 30-day recovery period. To assess the inflammatory or injury responses, cellular and biochemical parameters as well as cytokines were assayed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). MMA-SS welding fume exposure led to a significant elevation in the number of alveolar macrophages(AM) and polymorphonuclear cells(PMN). Additionary, the values of $\beta$-n-acetyl glucosaminidase($\beta$-NAG) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the BALF were increased in the exposed group when compared to controls. After 30 days of recovery from exposure, a significant reduction in inflammatory parameters of BALF was observed between the exposed and recovered groups. Slight, but significant elevations were noted in the number of AM and PMN in the recovered groups, and AM that had been ingested fume particles still remain in the lungs. In conclusion, these results indicated that welding fumes induced inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity in the lungs of exposed rats. Fume particles were not fully cleared from lungs even after a 30-day recovery period.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.725-731
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• 2013

This study investigates the quality of strawberry jam containing different quantities of strawberry. Strawberry jam was prepared by the addition of 70-30%(w/w) strawberry puree, Sweetness, pH, total acidity, color, anthocyanin and pectin content, texture, free sugar, and organic acid content of the samples were measured. Decrease in the quantity of the strawberry puree led to a decrease in the following: total acidity(significance value p<0.05), anthocyanin, pectin, total free sugar, frutose, glucose, sucrose, and, organic acid content, namely oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and formic acid. A texture profile analysis showed reduction in the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the jam. At the same time, decrease in the puree quantity also led to an increase in the sweetness, pH, L-value, a-value and b-value(significance value p<0.05) of the jam. These results promote, the consumption of fruit that are high in fruit, low in sugar, and do not contain any chemical additives.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1617-1623
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotic blend and liquid feed program at different nutritional densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score of weaning piglets. Methods: A total of 120 weaning pigs with an initial body weight of 7.05±0.93 kg per pig (21 days of age) were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 8 dietary treatments (3 replicates per treatment with 5 pigs per replicate) in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement (nutrition levels: apparent metabolic energy [AME] = 3,500 kcal/kg, crude protein [CP] = 20% vs AME = 3,400 kcal/kg, CP = 19.42%; feed types:dry vs wet; probiotics levels: 0 mg/kg vs 300 mg/kg). Results: During d 5 to d 15, greater average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) were observed in probiotics treatments. During d 15 to d 25, gain:feed (G:F) ratio (p<0.05) were significantly improved in probiotics, wet feed and high nutrition diet. Moreover, two interactions i) between nutrition levels and feed types, and ii) between nutrition levels and probiotics were found in G:F ratio. Furthermore, there was a significant positive interaction on G:F among those 3 factors (p<0.05). Overall, increasing ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio were detected in probiotics treatment significantly (p<0.05). Besides, an obvious reduction on fecal score was observed in probiotics treatment from d 0 to d 5 (p<0.05). There was an interactive effect on fecal score between feed types and nutrition concentrations from d 5 to d 25 (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that probiotics supplementation could benefit growth performance and reduce the frequency of watery feces. Besides, wet feed program (feed:water = 1:1.25) could improve the G:F. The effect of liquid feed or probiotic could be influenced by dietary nutrition density in weaned piglets. An increased value of G:F was obtained when wet feeding a high nutrition diet (100 kcal higher than NRC 2012 recommendations) was supplemented with probiotics for 15 to 25 days.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2020

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of composting spent mushroom substrate (SMS) materials of Lentinula edodes (Le), Hericium erinaceus (He), and Pleurotus ostreatus (Po). The different SMSs were composted for 7 to 10 days at high temperatures over 50℃; the composting procedure was completed in 30 days. A maturity test was conducted using the radish seed germination index and CoMMe-100. The composted SMS (CSMS) from Le and He showed gemination indices of 130% and 81%, respectively, that satisfied the criteria of maturity standard (gemination index over 70%) and the CoMMe-100 analysis. The physicochemical changes of CSMSs included an increase in the pH range from 4-5 to 6-7, slight reduction in the EC to 1-1.4 dS/m, and an organic content of 36.9% in LeCSMS. In LeCSMS, the contents of N, P, and K were 1.2%, 2.3%, and 0.77%, respectively, and heavy metals were detected below the standard value in all CSMSs; the Ca and Mg contents in the CSMSs were increased from 30% to 60% when compared to those in the SMSs. The C/N ratio (from 26-33) in LeSMS and HeSMS decreased to 15.3-15.9 in CSMSs. The growth effect of LeCSMS treatment on pepper seedlings was 60% higher than that in the control groups, one of which was treated with commercial organic compost; the former showed a superior growth effect on the leaf width, leaf length, and leaf number compared to other control groups. In conclusion, LeCSMS and HeCSMS could be utilized as compost resources capable of efficient soil amendment and plant growth promotion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1997

An experiment with growing bulls were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of a straw (S) with 15% molasses and 3% urea as an intimate mix (UMS) on its dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility (DMD) and reduction of methane ($CH_4$) production from fermentation in vitro of the straw. In the next experiment, the feeding of the UMS was compared with that of the feeding of molasses and urea in meals (DS) or in lick blocks (DSUMB) as supplements to straw. The UMS feeding increased daily intake of straw DM ($89.5 g{\cdot}kgW^{-0.75}$, p < 0.01) and digestible crude protein (DCP 333 g, p < 0.001) and nitrogen (N) balances ($508mg{\cdot}kgW^{-0.75}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, p < 0.01) of the bulls than the feeding of 'S' ($65g{\cdot}kgW^{-0.75}$, 55 g and $8.0mg{\cdot}kgW^{-0.75}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively). It also increased the digestibility of DM ($594g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, p < 0.05), organic matter (OM, $641g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, p < 0.05), CP ($619g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF, 773, p < 0.05). The $CH_4$ emitted per g of DOM apparently fermented in the rumen (DOMR) was 91.0 ml in the 'S' and reduced (p < 0.05) to 61.6 ml in the UMS. The feeding of the UMS when compared with that of the DS or DSUMB also gave a higher straw intake (1.77% of live weight, LW, p <0.01) and ADF digestibility ($516g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, p < 0.05) than the other diets (1.52% or 1.55% LW and 472 or $490g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively) in association with the increased microbial N yield in the rumen (14.1, 5.62 or $17.0g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DOMR, respectively, p < 0.05), daily LW gains (233, 125 or 93 g, respectively, p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratios of the diets (26.0, 56.1, or 57.6 g feed/g LW gain, p > 0.05, respectively). It can be concluded that molasses and urea feeding as an intimate mix with straw (UMS) increased its digestion and intake in association with a reduced methane emissions in the rumen. When compared with that of their feeding in meals or in lick blocks as supplements to straw the UMS gave the highest straw in take and digestion and live weight gains of growing bulls concurring the finding that the UMS system may be the best way of molasses and urea feeding to ruminants fed straws.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.805-811
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of water extract from Crassostrea gigas (CGW) against ethanol-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Seventy-two male Wistar rats (6-week-old) were divided into six groups of 12 animals each: control group (1 mL saline/d), ethanol-treated group, positive control group (ethanol+Hovenia dulcis Thunb extract), CGWL group (ethanol+low dosage of CGW), CGWM group (ethanol+medium dosage of CGW), and CGWH group (ethanol+high dosage of CGW). All groups except the control group received ethanol (40% ethanol 5 g/kg) orally. CGW administration with ethanol resulted in prevention of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$. CGW supplementation significantly reduced formation of malonaldehyde and inhibited reduction of hepatic glutathione and peroxidase levels, as compared with the ethanol-administration group. Further, CGW suppressed expression of CYP2E1, which was elevated by ethanol administration. Consequently, our results indicate that Crassostrea gigas may exert hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury by intensifying the anti-oxidative defense system.