• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.452-457
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• 2010

To obtain basic information on the utilization of Suaeda (S.) asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ as a raw material in food, it's chemical components of were investigated. S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ from the Hwaseong-si in Korea was used after drying and grinding with powder. The total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber contents of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ were found to be 39.41%, 37.63% and 1.78%, respectively. Macromineral components of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ were Na (7.6%), K (2.4%) and Mg (0.6%). High contents of microminerals such as Cu, Mn and Zn were also found. Lysine and methionine which are essential amino acids were detected with the value of 215 mg/100 g and 23.2 mg/100 g, respectively. S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ that was harvested in May was higher in crude protein than that harvested in September but the crude fat content of that which was harvested in September was twice as high as that harvested in May.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2013

Food safety is important issue for consumers and recently the usage of food ingredients especially food preservatives are limited by regulations. However, some manufacturers use food preservatives instead of improving their hygienic production. Therefore, the levels of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate of 147 vacuum packaged Kashar (fresh) cheese samples produced in Black Sea Region, Turkey were investigated and some microbiological properties were determined. Research results demonstrated that the production of vacuumed Kashar cheese in Black Sea Region was not standardized for all production periods depending on the microbiological properties. Coliform and E. coli counts detected in the cheese samples showed that necessary hygienic conditions were not provided for Kashar cheese production. Staphylococcus aureus was not determined in the cheese samples. The sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Potassium sorbate levels (69.39 mg/kg) of Kashar cheese samples were determined to be lower than the maximum permitted concentration of Turkish Food Codex. Although the utilization of sodium benzoate is prohibited by the Codex, the average level of sodium benzoate of cheese samples was detected to be 68.63 mg/kg. Sodium benzoate can be naturally occurred in fresh cheese at concentrations of up to 50 mg/kg.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.105-107
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• 2002

To get basic data for the utilization of S. herbacea L. as a raw material in food and Chinese herbs, chemical compositions of its leaves, stem and root were investigated. Leaves had the highest level of moisture and the lowest bevel of total sugar. The crude protein and crude lipid contents of the stem were similar to those of the root. Crude ash and salt contents (dry basis) in leaves were considerably higher than those of the stem and root. Total amino acid contents of leaves, stem and root were 1,270 mg/100 g, 1,525 mg/100 g, and 1,569 mg/100 g, respectively. Although the amino acid compositions of loaves, stein, and root were different, their major amino acids were glutamic acid, leuicine, isoleucine and aspartic acid. The rich minerals in leaves, stem and root were Na, K and Ca.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of cockle extracts on carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells were studied. Soup (62$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), solubility (28$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) and liposolubility (9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) of the cockle inhibited 3-methyl-cholanthrene(MCA)-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells by 53 and 94%, respectively. These results suggest that the extracts cockle might have anticarcinogen-induced cytotoxicity of C3H/10T1/2 cells. The effects of cockle extracts on the immune response related to its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The cockle extracts showed a direct cytotoxic effect on sarcoma-180 cells, tumor cells in vitro. Soup (0.49 mg/mL), solubility (0.11 mg/mL) and liposolubiliy (0.05 mg/mL) of the cockle markedly decreased the total numbers of sarcoma-180 cells, but not their viability. The phagocytic acitivity of peritoneal macrophage of mice was significantly augmented by these extracts of the cockle compared with that of control in vivo. These extracts also raised the phagocuytic index, indicating that the number of phagocytize dmicrobes per macrophage increased. Thus, cockle extracts might show a antitumor activity by enhancing the phagocytic cell activities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.960-966
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• 2022

We aimed to determine the dietary myo-inositol (MI) requirements of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A basal diet was formulated without myo-inositol (M0) and a negative control diet (M0-) was prepared by adding tetracycline hydrochloride to the basal diet to prevent intestinal inositol synthesis. Five MI diets were prepared by adding MI at 300, 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 mg/kg to the basal diet (designated as, M300, M600, M900, M1200 and M1500, respectively). Triplicate groups of shrimp (initial body weight, 0.55±0.01 g) were fed one of the experimental diets for 42 days. The growth performance of shrimp in M0- group was significantly lower when compared to that of shrimp in M0, M1200 and M1500 groups. Feed efficiency was significantly improved in M1200 and M1500 groups when compared to the M0 and M0- groups. GPx activity was significantly higher in M1200 and M1500 groups compared to that in M0 and M0- groups. Therefore, a practical diet (over 240 mg/kg) meets the minimum MI requirements of Pacific white shrimp. However, the optimum dietary MI level would be potentially above 1,200 mg/kg for better feed utilization efficiency and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

This study evaluated the general nutritional ingredients such as crude fats, crude ashes, crude proteins, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in 18 kinds of edible tree sprouts. The tree sprouts of Philadelphus schrenckii, Lycium chinense, and Morus alba had the highest crude fat, crude ash, and crude protein content, respectively. The tree sprouts of Cedrela sinensis (CSS) with high ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities had a high content of total polyphenols (175.65 mg/g ext.) and total flavonoids (75.18 mg/g ext.). The simultaneous determination of flavonoids such as rutin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, afzelin, and quercetin in CSS was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with a wavelength of 270 nm. Among the flavonoids, the content of quercitrin in CSS was the highest at 59.28 mg/g ext. This study also aids the quality control of many edible tree sprouts by analyzing the general components, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.397-410
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• 2023

This study examined the efficacy of various chlorinating agents in partitioning light water reactor spent fuel, with the aim of optimizing the chlorination process. Through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, we assessed the outcomes of employing MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, and Cl₂ as chlorinating agents. A comparison was drawn between using a single agent and a sequential approach involving all three agents (MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, and Cl₂). Following heat treatment, the utilization of MgCl₂ as the sole chlorinating agent resulted in a moderate separation. Specifically, this method yielded a solid separation with 96.9% mass retention, 31.7% radioactivity, and 44.2% decay heat, relative to the initial spent fuel. In contrast, the sequential application of the chlorinating agents following heat treatment led to a final solid separation characterized by 93.1% mass retention, 5.1% radioactivity, and 15.4% decay heat, relative to the original spent fuel. The findings underscore the potential effectiveness of a sequential chlorination strategy for partitioning spent fuel. This approach holds promise as a standalone technique or as a complementary process alongside other partitioning processes such as pyroprocessing. Overall, our findings contribute to the advancement of spent fuel management strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.1194-1200
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the compositional changes of ginsenosides and phenolic acids of ginseng leaf by fermentation in order to promote the utilization of ginseng leaf. The chief ginsenosides in non-fermented ginseng leaf (NFGL) were ginsenoside-Rg1 (26.0 mg/g), -Re (47.3 mg/g) and -Rd (23.9 mg/g). By fermentation, ginsenoside-Rg1, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc and -Re were decreased tremendously and new ginsenoside-Rh2, -Rh1, -Rg2 and -Rg3 appeared. Especially, ginsenoside-Rg3 (3.7 mg/g) on FGL was increased 15-fold compared to that of NFGL (0.2 mg/g). Total phenolic compound content of NFGL and FGL measured by colorimetric analysis was 350.4 and 312.5 mg%, respectively. There were 8 free and 6 ester forms of phenolic acids in NFGL. Among them, content of ferulic acid was the highest, comprised of 12.6 and 50.7 mg%, respectively. In FGL, total content of protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid were increased by 28, 5 and 7.8 fold and ferulic acid was decreased greatly. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of FGL was stronger than NFGL, while electron donating abilities of FGL were similar to NFGL.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value $L^*$, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the $b^*$ value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 mg/100 mL), Mg (0.94 mg/100 mL), P (0.88 mg/100 mL), Ca (0.16 mg/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 mg/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 mg/100 mL), EGC (9.30 mg/100 mL), ECG (9.02 mg/100 mL), GCG (8.50 mg/100 mL), GC (7.61 mg/100 mL) and CG (5.63 mg/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 mg/l00 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

To find out the effect of NPK-fertilization level and utilization method of pasture plants on the productivity of dry matter and nutrient of forages in hilly pasture, this experiment was arranged as a split block design with six treatments of 2 mainplots(N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$=210-150-180(wntrol), 280-200-240Kg/ha) and 3 subplots (cutting, grazing cutting+grazing alternative), and conducted at hilly land in Yeoju, Kyonggi Province 6om February, 1992 to October, 1993. In the treatment of grazing the early growth and cover degree of pasture plants wintered were more favorable. With increased NPK-application for two years, the average dry matter(DM) yield of 9,862kglha was incerased by 18% than that of the control, and the average DM yield of the cutting treatment of 10,434kaa was higher than that of others. In all treatments for two years, the average DM yield was composed of 94.0~95.1% grasses, 1.8~2.0% legumes and 2.8~4.2% weeds. The crude protein and energy productivity of forages in the treatment with increased NPK-fertilizer application increased by 20~23% than those of control, and those of cutting treatment were greatly increased than those of the grazing treatment. The average mineral content of forages in all treatments tended to be similar, Ca and Mg content and Ca/P ratio were slightly lower, and K content and K/(Ca+Mg) equivalent ratio of forages tended to be higher than the most desirable value of forages.