• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.516-530
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• 1989

A 44-day metabolic study was conducted to compare the effects of soy protein and meat protein on N, Ca, P, and Mg metabolism in young Korean males. Meat protein diet(MPD) and soy protin diet(SPD) were provided for 3 weeks each. For MPD, meat protein Supplied 50.3% of total protein and mean daily suplies of Ca, P, and Mg were 33.28mg, 1013.01mg, 226.81mg respectively. For SPD, soy protein supplied 51.8% of total protein and mean contents of Ca, P and Mg were 737.86mg, 1261.76mg, and 451.3mg. Mean daily fecal and urinary excretions of Ca were 350.6mg and 113.3mg for MPD and 515.0mg and 118.3mg for SPD. Apparent absorption rates in MPD and SPD were 4.2mg in MPD and 700.4mg and 475.1mg SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 65.6% in MPD and 44.5% in SPD(p<0.01). For Mg, fecal and urinary excretions were 144.8mg and 81.2mg in MPD and 292.4mg and 65.5mg in SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 37.5% in MPD and 35.2% in SPD. The correlations between urinary Ca, P, and their balance were significant (p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. Urinary Ca was significantly correlated with urinary N, P, Mg(p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. From these results, meat protein seems to increase the excretions of major minerals compared to soy protein.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1974

Results of an experiment on the behavior of rats and mice in order to explore the possible pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng upon the central nervous system can be summarized as follows: 1. Spontaneous motor activity. In the case of mice, those groups who were administered 2.5 mg and 5.0mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram of body weight were observed to have increased their activity compared with the control group, while the 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups demonstrated lower levels of activity, with the peak of activity appearing at 30 minutes after administration of drugs. In the case of rats, those groups of animals who were given injections in the dosage of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight demonstrated higher activity than the control group, while the 100.0 mg per kilogram group appeared to have decreased in their activity, with the peak action appearing 30 minutes after the administration of ginseng saponin. The 50.0 mg per kilogram group demonstrated no significant differential. 2. General behavior analysis. In the case of mice, decrease in sleeping component of behavior and increase in the walking and roaring components, compared those with the control group, turned out to be a common phenomenon among the groups who were administered 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram body weight, with the 5.0 mg per kilogram group standing out of all the other groups in terms of their reactions. In the case of rats, ginseng saponin appeared to reduce sleeping component with 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups, while increased the walking and rearing components. It was observed that administratoin of ginseng saponin in a dose of 2.5 mg per kilogram appeared to markedly increase the lying and grooming components of animal behavior. 3. Open-field exploratory behavior. Adminstration of ginseng saponin to mice in doses of 5.0 mg, 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight decreased activity, but increased their exploratory behavior. In the case of rats, however, administration of ginseng saponin in the doses of 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg per kilogram body weight markedly increased their activities, while decreased activities with the 50.0 mg per kilogram and 100.0 mg per kilogram groups. The exploratory behavior of rats appeared to have decreased, while grooming increased ramarkably. 4. The above findings from a series of experiment appear to suggest a stimulating effect on the central nervous system when ginseng saponin is administered in small doses, but that larger doses might result in an inhibitory effect, though differential results can be anticipated with modification of experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1983

The effect of dietary calcium and magnesium on the 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.34) in rabbit's liver microsomal protein was studied for a period of 4 weeks using isocalories and isonitro-genous as a basal diet. The experimental rabbits fed the following basal diets, such as crude protein 68.45%, carbohydrates 13.38%, fats 16.17% and added some sorts of calcium and magnesium, according to experimental plan making. The subject rabbits were divided into 9 feeding groups. The results are summarized as follows. Body weight gains per week of the groups fed magnesium and basal diet showed a little bit increase, but the groups fed calcium and basal diet showed a little bit decrease compare with control group. In case of serum magnesium, control group was 9.5mg% groups fed basal diet and magnesium were 8.27mg% in average, groups fed basal diet and calcium were 4.45mg% in average. In case of serum calcium, control group was 15.3mg%, groups fed basal diet and magnesium were 14.6mg% in average, groups fed basal diet and calcium were 14.1mg% in average. There was no great difference between magnesium fed groups in serum calcium. In serum triglyceride, control group was 82.8mg%, groups fed magnesium and basal diet were 60.3mg% in average, groups fed calcium and basal diet were 69.5mg% in average. The calcium fed groups were higher than the magnesium fed groups in serum triglyceride. In serum cholesterol, control group was 80mg%, groups fed magnesium and basal diet were 64.3mg% in average, groups fed calcium and basal diet were 56.3mg% in average. The calcium fed groups were lower than the magnesium fed groups in serum cholesterol. In case of the 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, control group was 0.998nmol/min/mg protein, groups fed magnesium and basal diet of HMG-CoA were 0.849nmol/min/mg in average.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2021

Magnesium (Mg) present in carbonate minerals as impurities has been used as a geochemical proxy to infer the environmental conditions where the minerals precipitated. The reliability of Mg geochemical proxies requires fundamental understanding of Mg incorporation into minerals based on accurate speciation of Mg ²⁺ in the crystal structure, which is determined mainly by application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). However, high uncertainties are involved in interpreting the XAS spectra of minerals containing trace amount of Mg ²⁺. Because density function theory (DFT) can predict an XAS spectrum for a crystal structure, DFT calculations can reduce the uncertainties in the interpretation of the XAS spectrum. In this study, we calculated ab initio Mg K-edge absorption spectra of Mg silicates and (hydr)oxides based on DFT and analyzed the correlation between the calculated spectra and Mg structural parameters. Our ab initio Mg K-edge absorption spectra well reproduced the key features of the experimental spectra. The absorption-edge positions of the calculated spectra showed the weak positive correlation with the average Mg-O bond distance or Mg effective coordination number. The current study shows that DFT-based core-level spectroscopy method is a powerful tool in providing standard Mg K-edge spectra of diverse Mg minerals and determining the Mg chemical species within carbonate minerals.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 1988

This study was conducted to clarify the identification of phytotoxic compounds from 5 upland weeds which had been collected at their maturity age in the field of Kyungpook province, Korea. 5 weed species including Stellaria aquatica strongly inhibited the lettuce seed germination. These 5 species were Amaranthus lividus, Stellaria aquatica, Achyranthes japonica, Polygonum perfoliata and Galinsoga ciliata. the degree of inhibitory effects according to various solvent extracts such as ethanol, aceton, chloroform and ether was different as species. In total phenol and diphenol content G. ciliata had largest amount of total phenol with 2.75mg/g, P. perfoliata 1.8mg/g, S. aquatica 1.7mg/g, A. lividus 1.28mg/g, A. japonica 1.27mg/g respectively. A. lividus had much amount of p-cresol, hydroquinone, ferulic, caffeic, p-cl-benzoic and p-coumaric in order. S. aquatica, A. japonica, P. perfoliata and G. ciliata had a large quantity of ferulic, caffeic, 7-OH-coumarin and protocatechuic acids in common. The amount of fatty acids was existed 8.49mg/g in S. aquatica, 7.14mg/g in A. japonica, 7.10mg/g in G. ciliata, 5.49mg/g in P. perfoliata and 4.2mg/g in A. lividus respectively. Most of 4 weeds except G. ciliata had much oxalic acid to the extent of 14-22mg/g. however it appeared that G. ciliata had much quantity of feruic and citric acids.

• Carbon letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.217-220
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• 2009

In this study, porous electrospun carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning with PAN and $MgCl_2$, as a MgO precursor. MgO was selected as a substrate because of its chemical and thermal stability, no reaction with carbon, and ease of removal after carbonization by dissolving out in acidic solutions. $MgCl_2$ was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution as a precursor of MgO with various weight ratios of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The average diameter of porous electrospun carbon fibers increased from 1.3 to 3 ${\mu}m$, as the $MgCl_2$ to PAN weight ratio increased. During the stabilization step, $MgCl_2$ was hydrolyzed to MgOHCl by heat treatment. At elevated temperature of 823 K for carbonization step, MgOHCl was decomposed to MgO. Specific surface area and pore structure of prepared electrospun carbon fibers were decided by weight ratio of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The amount of hydrogen storage increased with increase of specific surface area and micropore volume of prepared electrospun carbon fibers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

This study has attempted to examine the antioxidative effect of ethanol extracts, and the analysis of amino acid and sugar of hot water extracts from Artemisia princeps, Artemisia argyi and Artemisia iwayomogi. Total phenol contents were 10.2 mg/$m\ell$, 4.7 mg/$m\ell$, and 7.0 mg/$m\ell$ in A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi, respectively. Also, flavonoid contents were 6.1 mg%, 3.6 mg%, and 1.8 mg% in A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi, respectively. Hot water extract from A. argyi showed highest electron donating ability toward DPPH. The contents of total amino acid by HPLC analysis were in the increasing order of A. princeps, A. argyi and A. iwayomogi. Of amino acid compositions, proline was largest in examined Artemisia sp.. The contents of total sugar by HPLC analysis were largest in A. iwayomogi. Of the sugar compositions, the glucose content was largest in examined all Artemisia sp., and the fructose content was in the increasing order of A. iwayomogi, A. argyi and A. princeps.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 1992

We analysed 398 kinds of processed foods sold on market - 43 kinds of ramyun, 67 kinds of bread, 104 kinds of cookies, 5 kinds of pizza, 28 kinds of sausage, 31 kinds of steamed fish cake, 4 kinds of tomato ketchup, 30 kinds of canned goods, 82 kinds of beverage and 4 kinds of danmoogi- to know mineral content such as p, Ca, Mg, Na and K. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry for this study and the results were as follows; 1) P content was 204.24mg% in sausages, 101.80mg% in pizza, 671mg% in canned fish, 44.50mg in canned vegetable, 38.62 mg% in ramyun and 32.10mg% in steamed fish cake. Sausage had the highest P content showing almost 6 times as much as steamed fish cake. There was little difference between ramyun and steamed fish cake. 2) Ca content was 115.00 mg% in pizza, 106.94 mg% in steamed fish cake, 100.59 mg% in sausage, 91.25 mg% in canned vegetable, 79.84 mg% in bread and 78.97 mg% in ramyun, 3) Mg content was 555.16 mg% in steamed fish cake, 476.14 mg% in cookies, 436.75mg% in ketchup, 394.00mg% in canned vegetables 346.95mg% in ramyun and 341.40mg% in canned fish. Steamed fish cake was highest in Mg content and there was little difference between ramyun and canned fish. 4) Na content was 730.49mg% in ramyun, 680.25 mg% in danmoogi, 548.43 mg% sausage, 463.50mg% in canned vegetable, 449.25 mg% in ketchup, 401.29 mg% in steamed fish cake and 366.00 mg% in pizza. Ramyun had the highest Na content 5) K content was 302.30 mg% in pizza, 280.25 mg% in ketchup, 219.68 mg% in sausage, 219.2 mg% in canned fish, 183.75 mg% in canned vegetable, 166.49 mg% in ramyun and 122.77 mg% in cookies. Pizza had the highest K content.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

Six different mashing types ((A) $koji$+purified enzyme, (B) $koji$+crude enzyme, (C) $koji$+$nuruk$, (D) $koji$+purified enzyme+$nuruk$, (E) $koji$+crude enzyme+$nuruk$, (F) purified enzyme+$nuruk$) had been established, according to fermentation agents and a mixing rate of rice $makgeolli$, in this study. The alcohol content was the highest in the mashing type (C), which was 13.6%, followed by (D) 13.5%, (A) 13.1%, (B) 12.9%, (E) 12.7% and (F) 12.1%. The reducing sugar content of (A) was the highest with 401.6 mg% and those of (B), (C), (D) and (F) were between 337.3- 380.9 mg%. The alcohol components were found and tended to increase during the fermentation. The oligo-saccharides content was the highest in (D) with 1251.3 mg%, which was followed by (E) 1,219.2 mg%, (C) 1,141.4 mg%, (A) 1,049.9 mg% and 973.8 mg% in (B). The total free amino acid was highest in (B) with 781.4 mg% and followed by (C) 703.2 mg%, (D) 702.6 mg%, (E) 678.7 mg%, (A) 630.4 mg% and (F) 328.7 mg% in order. There were 16 different types of volatile flavor components, in the mashing types (A) and (B), in addition to 15 different types of those in type (C), as well as 14 different types of those in (D), (E) and (F). There were significant differences in the overall preference between the type (A) and (C).

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2008

Malachite Green (MG), a toxic chemical used as a dye, topical antiseptic and antifungal agent for fish, is highly soluble in water, cytotoxic to various mammalian cells and also acts as a liver tumor promoter. In view of its industrial importance and possible exposure to human beings, MG possesses a potential environmental health hazard. So, we performed with HepG2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to toxicity of MG. And we compared gene expression between control and MG treatment to identify genes that are specifically or predominantly expressed by employing annealing control primer (ACP)-based $GeneFishing^{TM}$ method. The cytotoxicity $(IC_{20})$ of MG was determined above the $0.867{\mu}M$ in HepG2 cell for 48 h treatment. And the DEGs of MG were identified that 5 out of 6 DEGs were upregulated and 1 out of 6 DEGs was down-regulated by MG. Also, MG induced late apoptosis and necrosis in a dose dependent in flow cytometric analysis. Through further investigation, we will identify more meaningful and useful DEGs on MG, and then can get the information on mechanism and pathway associated with toxicity of MG.