• 대한약리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 1988

사람의 혈액으로부터 Elastase를 분리하는 새로운 방법을 개발하여 순도 높은 효소를 얻고 이 효소에 의하여 발생되어지는 질병의 예방과 치료에 응용하기 위하여 이 효소의 근본적인 성질규명을 시도하였다. 정제 방법으로는 Sephodex G-75를 이용한 1회의 액체 크로마토그라피와 HPLC을 이용한 2회의 코마토그라피를 거치는 2단계 방법을 사용하였다. 이때 얻어진 효소는 분자량이 $26,000{\sim}29,700$ 사이에 있는 3개의 다른 분자량을 가진 물질로 확인되었으며, 항체 반응에서 사람의 결구내 Elastase의 특성을 나타내었다. 함유하고 있는 미량의 금속이온을 분석한 결과 정제하는 단계에 따라 Zn 이온의 효소분자에 대한비는 증가하였으며 가장 순수한 분자내의 효소분자와 Zn 이온과의 비는 1 : 2였다. 이 효소는 chelating agent에 의하여 활성도를 잃게 되었으며, 반대로 chelating agents에 의하여 활성도를 잃고 있는 반응 medium에 그 chelaing agents의 농도를 초과하는 2가 이온 즉 Zn 이온, Ca 이온, 그리고 Mn 이온을 넣으면 그 활성도는 원상복귀되나 Mg이온에 의하여는 그 활성도가 원상회복 되지 않았다. 이 모든 성질을 종합하면 사람의 Neutrophil granule에 있는 Elastase는 지금까지 알려진 바와 같이 Serine pretense임과 동시에 metalloenzyme으로 제고되어야 한다고 제안한다. 나아가서chelating agents에 의하여 이 효소의 활성도를 조정할 수 있다는 것은 이 효소에 의하여 일어나는 질병의 치료에 응용할 수 있는 가능성도 보여준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2020

This study was conducted to optimize the processing conditions of seasoned broughton's ribbed ark Scapharca broughtonii products (S-BRA-P) using response surface methodology (RSM). The concentrated oyster extract content (X₁, w/w), amino-based seasoning powder content (X₂, w/w), and enzyme-treated stevia content (X₃, w/w) were selected as independent variables, and amino nitrogen (Y₁) and overall acceptance in a sensory evaluation (Y₂) were selected as dependent variables. The optimal conditions of X₁, X₂, and X₃ were 97.5%, 20.0%, and 0.9%, respectively, and the predicted values of the multiple response optimal conditions were Y₁ (1,030 mg/100 g) and Y₂ (8.3). Under the optimum conditions, the experimental values of Y₁ and Y₂ were 1,034 ± 6.0 mg/100 g and 8.5 ± 0.4, respectively, which was no significant difference from the predicted values (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimized models of X₁, X₂, and X₃ for the preparation of soy sauce-based sauce were suitably fitted. The optimum amount of seasoning sauce was 13% for the preparation of S-BRA-P. The S-BRA-P, which was prepared by adding the seasoning sauce and the other subsidiary material [finely chopped spring onion (3.8%) and cheongyang hot pepper (4.6%)], had a superior taste, color, and odor.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds and organochlorine pesticides have the ability to disrupt endocrine function in animals, and alter cog-nitive function. Because hormone mediated events play an important role in central nervous system development and function, the changes in cognitive function seem to be mediated by the endocrine-like action of these chemicals. The present study therefore was designed to investigate effect of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical on neuro-behavial patterns, and expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase, a limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis pathway. BPA was treated orally for 3 weeks into 3 week old mice, and then the neuro-behavial patterns (stereo-type behaviors such as jumping rearing and forepaw tremor, climbing behavior, tail flick, rotarod and locomotor activity), and the expression of estrogen receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase were deter-mined every 3 week for 9 weeks. During the treatment of BPA, the food uptake and body weight increase were not significantly changed. BPA resulted in the increased stereotype behaviors (jump-ing, rearing and forepaw tremor) 6 or 9 weeks after treatment. The time response to tail flick and locomotor activity were decreased by the treatment of BPA, whereas the time for rotarod was increased by the treatment of BPA. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta was increased in the brain and pituitary gland. Maximum expression was found in the brain after 9 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment and in the pituitary gland after 6 week of 100 mg/kg BPA treatment. Tyrosine hydroxylase was increased in dose and time dependent manners in the brain but no change was found in the pituitary gland. The present data show that exposure of BPA in the young mice could alter expression of estrogen receptors and dopamine synthesis pathway, thereby modulate neuro-behavial patterns (increase of stereotype behaviors but decrease locomotor activity).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food borne mycotoxin and occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, etc. DON induces systemic health problems such as loss of appetite, emesis and diarrhea in both human and farm animals. Reliable diagnostic parameters for DON intoxication are needed to prevent deep health impact. In order to establish useful diagnostic parameters, we investigated clinical signs, hematological values, serum biochemical values, gross-, histo- and toxico-pathological findings in B6C3F1 male mice after oral administration of DON (0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) for 8 days. Body weight gain was significantly decreased at the highest dose of DON. Anorexia, ataxia, for crudness and lack of vigor were observed at the highest dose DON group. In hematological values, the numbers of WBC and platelets and hemoglobin content were reduced with decreased neutrophil and monocytes by 7.5 mg/kg DON. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were prolonged in a dose-dependent manner and the content of fibrinogen was elevated at high dose of DON. Of serum biochemical values, total protein, globulin, BUN, cholesterol and test-osterone were reduced but total bilirubin and albumin/globulin ratio increased. The enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased while that of alanine aminotransferase was elevated. Relative organ weights of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes were dose-dependently reduced but those of liver and left adrenal gland increased with dose dependency. As for pathological findings, atrophy of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes and submucosal edema and ulceration in stomach and depletion of lymphocytes in thymus cortex were observed. In conclusion, these clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and patholgical parameters obtained in the present studies can be used for diagnosis of DON-mycotoxicosis, especially, low WBC, platelets, protein, BUN and testosterone and delayed prothrombin time can be available as for reliable diagnostic parameters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 마늘의 다양한 조리법에 따른 냉수추출 마늘 추출물이 HepG2 세포 내 콜레스테롤 합성에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 세포 내 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 함량을 확인하고 real-time PCR을 이용하여 작용 기전을 알아보았다. 마늘을 $25^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 숙성하였을 경우 1분간 숙성하였을 때와 비교하여 추출물 내 alliin 함량이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 마늘 추출물을 HepG2 세포에 처리하였을 때 세포 내 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤의 함량이 감소하는 모습을 보여주었으며, 특히 동결건조 마늘 추출물이 그 효과가 가장 우수하였다. 콜레스테롤 합성의 제한효소인 HMGCoA reductase의 발현량 역시 마늘 추출물을 처리함에 따라 감소하는 모습을 보였으며, 동결건조 마늘 추출물을 처리하였을 때 가장 많이 감소하는 모습을 보였다. 다만 산성처리를 한 마늘의 추출물을 세포에 처리하였을 때에는 그 효과가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 동결건조 마늘 추출물의 농도 비례 효과를 살펴본 결과 동결건조 마늘 추출물의 경우 생마늘을 상온에 60분 숙성시킨 마늘 추출물과 구운마늘 추출물에 비하여 세포 내 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 합성 감소에 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 HMGCoA reducatase mRNA의 상대적 발현 수준 차이 이상의 지질 감소 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 동결건조 마늘의 경우 생마늘을 섭취하였을 때와 유사한 또는 더 우수한 효능을 보이면서도 오히려 보관성이 우수하고 생마늘 섭취 시 나타날 수 있는 과민 반응 및 알레르기 반응의 위험이 적기 때문에 다양하게 응용될 수 있는 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료되며, 이를 뒷받침할 방안들의 연구가 진행되어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

대표적인 식물호르몬인 indole-acetic acid (IAA)를 생성하는 근권세균에서 IAA 생합성 경로와 생성량과의 관계를 파악하기 위해 IAA 생성능이 크게 다른 4개 균주를 선발하고 동정하였다. 특정 경로를 이용한 IAA 생합성능의 조사를 위해 주요 전구물질을 첨가하여 IAA 생성량을 측정하였다. Tryptophan 의존적 경로에 의한 총 IAA 생성량은 Acinetobacter guillouiae SW5가 1.66 mg/ml로 가장 높았으며, indole acetamide (IAM)를 배지에 첨가했을 때 amidase의 활성은 분리균주 중 Rhodococcus equi SW9이 가장 높았다. IAA 생합성을 위한 또 다른 두 가지 경로의 전구물질인 indole acetonitrile (IAN)을 첨가하였을 때 IAA 생합성은 A. guillouiae SW5가 가장 높았으며, 이 때 nitrilase 보다는 nitrile hydratase의 활성이 높았다. 그러나 두 경로 중 IAN을 직접 IAA로 전환시키는 nitrilase의 활성은 Bacillus thuringiensis SW17이 균주들 중 가장 높았다. B. thuringiensis SW17은 4균주 중 IAA생합성능이 가장 낮았으며 tryptophan을 이용하여 생합성하는 IAA 중 상당량을 IAM을 거치는 경로를 통해 생성한다. Lysinibacillus fusiformis SW13은 IAA 생합성에 관여하는 nitrile 전환경로들을 비교적 고르게 이용하여 IAA를 생성하였다. Tryptophan 비의존적 경로를 통한 IAA 생합성은 A. guillouiae SW5에서만 소량 관찰되었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.243-257
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• 1996

CCK and cholinergic agonist stimulate enzyme release from the pancreatic acini via G-protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C, In contrast secretin and related peptides increase the level of cAMP and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, causes pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia by increasing the CCK release. In this study, the secretagogue-induced changes of intracellular proteins were examined in the dispersed pancreatic acini of rats with or without camostat treatment. Camostat(FOY-305, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was given for 4 days twice daily and the dispersed acini were prepared at 12 bouts after last treatment. The profiles of Intracellular phosphoproteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after incubating the acini with $^{32}P$. The amylase release from the dispersed acini was measured. The pancreatic weight was increased to 126% of control, while amylase activity per mg acinar protein decreased to 41% of control, The maximum response of amylase release from dispersed acini to CCK-8 or carbachol was markedly decreased(65% or 46% of control, respectively). The group of intracellular proteins(24 kD, pI $4.5{\sim}8.5$) was increased in quantity by camostat. CCK-8 or secretin increased phosphorylation of a protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) in camostat-treated as well as control rats. CCK-8 increased tyrosine phosphoryiation in the acini of control rats. However, in camostat-treated rats, the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation was increased and it was rather decreased by CCK-8. Secretin had no effect on the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acini. These results indicate that both phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase induce phosphorylation of an intracellular acinar protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) and camostat treatment increases the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acinar cells. And these results suggest that not only serine/threonine protein kinase but also protein tyrosine kinase/phosphatase are involved in the process of CCK receptor mediated stimulation-secrelion coupling.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2017

포름알데하이드는 무색, 무취의 유독성 물질로 다양한 방법을 통하여 포름알데하이드를 제거할 수 있는 방법들이 많이 보고되었다. 본 논문에서는 생물학적 효소 반응 및 화학적 흡착 촉매 반응에 의한 포름알데하이드의 제거 효율을 비활성을 통해 비교하였다. 첫째, Escherichia coli K12포름알데하이드 탈수소화 효소(Formaldehyde dehydrogenase, FDH)를 Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)에 클로닝하여 발현 및 분리하였다. FDH 효소 활성($k_{cat}/K_m$)은 $2.49{\times}10^3sec^{-1}mM^{-1}$로 측정되었으며, 비활성은 8.69 U/mg으로 측정되었다. 둘째, 화학적 흡착 및 화학 촉매를 이용한 포름알데하이드의 제거 효율도 동시에 진행하였다. 본 논문에서는 활성탄과 제올라이트, KI 및 KOH로 처리한 활성탄과 제올라이트를 화학적 포름알데하이드 흡착제로 사용하였으며 $Pd/TiO_2$ 산화 촉매를 이용하여 포름알데하이드의 산화 반응 효율을 결정하였다. 결론적으로 본 논문에서 수행한 화학적 흡착 및 산화 촉매 반응의 경우 대략 50%의 비슷한 수준의 포름알데하이드 제거 효율을 보였으며, 특히 비활성의 경우 탈수소화효소의 비활성이 0.01-0.26 U/g 수준의 화학적 흡착 및 산화 촉매보다 월등히 높게 측정되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.797-804
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• 2008

시중에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고 즐겨 마시는 차로 이용되고 있는 감잎을 시료로 택하여 실제 음용 조건으로 추출하여 일반 성분, 클로로필 및 총 페놀 함량을 분석하였고, 전자공여능에 의한 항산화 활성, ACE 저해도, SOD 유사 활성, 아질산염 소거능 및 항균 활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 녹차와 비교하였을 때 비슷한 수준의 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, ACE 저해도 역시 50% 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. SOD유사 활성 및 아질산염 소거능의 경우 오히려 녹차보다 더 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 항균 활성의 경우 4가지 균주 모두에 대하여 항균 활성이 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 특히 Staphylococcus aureus를 제외한 3가지 균주(Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coil, Salmonella typhimudum)에 대해서는 녹차 보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.115-133
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA ($50{\mu}L$ with 80 mg/mL) into knee joint cavity of rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups. Normal group was injected by normal saline into knee joint cavity only. Control group was induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and orally administered with distilled water. Normal Saline group was induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and injected with normal saline $100{\mu}L$. Positive comparison group was injected with MIA and orally administered with indomethacin 5 mg/kg. Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture low concentration (CL) group was induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and injected with Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture low concentration $100{\mu}L$. Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture high concentration (CH) group was induced for osteoarthritis by MIA and injected with Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture high concentration $100{\mu}L$. Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture was injected at ST35 and EX-LE4 each group (CL, CH). After that, hind paw weight distribution was measured and oxidative stress biomarker in serum, liver function biomarker in serum, western blot analysis were measured. Histological analysis of knee joint tissue was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Safranin-O staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Results Hind paw weight distribution was significantly improved in both group. alanine aminotransferanse and aspartate aminotransferase were decreased significantly in CH group compare with Indomethacin threated group. Antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, Catalase and heme oxygenase-1 were increased in CH group compare with control group. Inflammatory cytokine cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-1 beta were decreased significantly in CH group. Histological analysis result shows that protective effects of joint and cartilage were observed in both CH and CL groups in a concentration-dependent. Conclusions The result suggest that Curcumae Longae Rhizoma pharmacopuncture has anti-oxidation effect, anti-inflammatory effect and also can prevent progression of osteoarthritis and protect joint cartilage.