• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.563-570
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• 1997

Volatile flavor components in the mash of takjus prepared by using different nuruks such as Mucor racemosus nuruk, Rhizopus japonicus nuruk, Aspergillus oryzae nuruk, Aspergillus kawachii nuruk and nuruk (Korean-style bran koji), were identified by using GC and GC-MS. Twenty alcohols, 26 esters, 10 acids, 10 aldehydes and 6 others were found in the mash of takju after 16 days of fermentation. Takju by Aspergillus oryzae nuruk had the most various components of volatile flavor. Fifty-four flavor components including ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2,3-butadienol (D,L), benzeneethanol, acetic acid ethyl ester, succinic acid diethyl ester, butanoic acid monoethyl ester, acetic acid and benzene acetic acid 4-acetyloxy-3-methyl ethyl ester were usually detected in all the treatments. The relative peak area of volatile components was as follows: alcohol $(71.28{\sim}90.23%)$, ester $(0.66{\sim}9.05%)$, acid $(0.2{\sim}0.6%)$ and aldehyde $(0.02{\sim}0.09%)$. Specially, 1-pentanol and hexanoic acid ethyl ester were high in takju made of nuruk (Korean-style bran koji). 1-Hexanol, 1-dodecanol, acetic acid and 1,2-benzene-dicarboxylic acid diprophenyl ester were high in takju made of Mucor racemosus nuruk. 4-Acetyloxy, 3-methyl benzeneacetic acid phenyl ester, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, succinic acid diethylester, butanoic acid monoethyl ester and butanoic acid were higher content in takju by Rhizopus japonicus nuruk. Acetic acid ethyl ester, pentanoic acid and 3-methyl butanoic acid were high in takju that was made of Aspergillus oryzae nuruk. 1-Butanol was high in takju by Aspergillus kawachii nuruk.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1989

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.107-110
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• 2001

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.914-916
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• 2001

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2008

Azoxystrobin applied by aqueous WP suspension 50 mg/l was slightly absorbed into cucumber leaf in the absence of activator surfactant 24 h after spraying, but was increased to 25.7% by adding polyoxyethylene monohexadecyl ether (12 moles of ethylene oxide, CE-12) 500 mg/l. Only 4.1% of kresoxim-methyl WDG 100 mg/l in the absence of surfactant was absorbed into cucumber leaf 24 h after spraying, but was increased to 58.0% by adding polyoxyethylene monooctadecyl ether (14 moles of ethylene oxide, SE-14) 1,000 mg/l. The effect of CE-12 500 mg/l on foliar uptake of kresoxim-methyl at 50 mg/l was twice bigger than on azoxystrobin. Fungicidal activity of azoxystrobin WP against cucumber powdery mildew was marginally increased by adding surfactants to facilitate foliar uptake of azoxystrobin, so that the further increase of azoxystrobin uptake into cucumber plant by the addition of adjuvant was not a practical mean for enhancing the formulation efficacy in view of fungicidal activity. It was not possible for kresoxim-methyl to assess the adjuvant effect on the fungicidal activity in a greenhouse trial due to the vapor effect of active ingredient.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

Effects of single and repeated administration of various nootropic candidates were examined on impaired acquisition by single oral administration of 3 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in step through test. The inhibitory effect of EtOH on acquisition was significantly reduced by single picrotoxin, but not affected by diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine and apomorphine. Single or repeated red ginseng total saponin and deprenyl, single piracetam, repeated N-methyl-D-glucamine, but not single or repeated protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and centrophenoxine significantly ameliorated the impairment of acquisition by EtOH. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of repeated red ginseng total saponin but not that of repeated N-methyl-D-Glucamine, was significantly blocked by pretreatment of $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine, a inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of repeated deprenyl on EtOH amnesia was exaggerated by $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine. These results suggest that the amelioration processes of drugs on ethanol amnesia involve complex mechanism between the central GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in memory and learning, although the effects of repeated drugs administration are not yet clear.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 1984

For weeding on the after-barley cropping soybean, the tank-mix use of postemergence herbicides acifluorfen and haloxyfop-methyl was tested. Acifluorfen has shown the transient leaf-burn on the newly formed soybean leaves, but no growth inhibitions. Under the treatment of acifluorfen only, grassy weeds occurred successively and explosively. However, under the combinated spraying of both herbicides, the grassy weeds could be controlled in a slight antagonistic, the broadleaved weeds in additive, and the total weed species including sedges in synergic tendencies, respectively. Also, to achieve the full-season weeding efficacies for the prominent crop yields, both herbicides are suggested to be mixed with more dosages than 0.245 kg ai/ha of acifluorfen and 0.15 kg ae/ha of haloxyfop-methyl, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.600-605
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• 1999

Methyl linoleate was oxidized at 60, 90, 120 and $150^{\circ}C$, respectively, with sparging oxygen for different periods of time. On the basis of the peroxide values determined at four temperatures, four heating times were chosen for the analysis of physicochemical parameters, such as peroxide value, total oxidation products, polymer content, viscosity, refractive index and characteristics of thermal degradation by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter). The content of peroxide linkage (C-O-O-C) polymer and ether or carbon to carbon linkage (C-O-C/C-C) polymer were analyzed by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC). The polymer formed at four temperatures was qualitatively identified as dimer. The polymer with peroxide linkage (C-O-O-C) were detected from methyl linoleate oxidized at $60^{\circ}C\;and\;90^{\circ}C$, but they were not detected from methyl linoleate oxidized at $120^{\circ}C\;and\;150^{\circ}C$. The enthalpy changes increased as peroxide value increased whereas maximum degradation temperature decreased. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained between maximum degradation temperature $(T_m)$, exothermic enthalpy changes and peroxide value, peroxide linkage (C-O-O-C) polymer content.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.293-298
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• 1999

Reaction mechanism was elucidated and reaction condition were optimized for the catalytic reaction synthesizing 2-methyl-4-methoxy-diphenylamine (MMDPA) which is an intermediate of Fluoran heat-sensitive dyestuff. Reactants consisted of 2-methyl-4-methoxyaniline (MMA), 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole (MNA), and cyclohexanone, and 5 wt % Pd/C was used as a catalyst. Experiments were run in an open slurry reactor equipped with reflux condenser, and products were analyzed by means of GC/MS and NMR. MMDPA yield of 90 mole % could be obtained after reaction time of 8~10 hours under the optimal reaction conditions comprising the reaction mass composition of MMA : MNA : cyclohexanone = 1 : 2 : 150 based on MMA input of 0.01 gmoles in xylene solvent, reaction temperature of $160^{\circ}C$, and catalyst amount of 0.5 g. It was found that the rate-determining step of overall reaction was dehydrogenation of the intermediate product obtained from condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone. Overall reaction rate and MMDPA yield were enhanced owing to hydrogen transfer reaction by introducing MNA together with MMA in the reaction mass. Excess cyclohexanone in the reaction mass played an important role of promoting the condensation of MMA and cyclohexanone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.943-948
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• 2001

Green mustard leves were found to effectively prevent lipid peroxidation of bovine-brain tissue by ascor-bate/Fe system, The 50% methanol extracts mustard leaves were separated into four solvent faction using n-hexane,. EtOAc, n-BiOH and water. Then n-BiOH fraction exclusively exhibited the antioxidative activities at concentration above 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL/ The n-BuOH fraction was further isolated to a single compound using TLC analysis and silica gel chromatography. The active antiodidative compounds were identified as sinapic acid methyl ester and ferulic acid methyl ester by $^{1}$H-NMR and $^{13}$ C-NMR, The sinapic acid methyl ester and ferulic acid methyl ester were prepared by methylating of sinapic acid and ferulic acid with diazomethane. The results strongly suggested that sinapic acid and ferulic acid could be emplyed as a potential antioxiative agents for preventing the bovine brain lipid peroxidation. lipid peroxidation.