• 경영정보학연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

글로벌 싱글 인스턴스(GSI) 기반의 기업의 정보시스템은 기업 내부정보 및 자원/자산을 통합관리하고 프로세스의 동질성을 확보하여 업무의 효율성 및 전사적인 생산성을 향상시키고 있지만 정보시스템의 장애가 발생하게 되면 비즈니스가 마비될 수 있고 그로 인해 엄청난 금전적 손실이 따르는 위험을 동시에 안고 있다. 여분의 부품 사용을 전제하는 수많은 결함허용(Fault-Tolerance) 기법들이 안정적인 정보시스템을 위해 연구되어 왔다. 결함허용 기법의 설계 및 적용의 어려운 점은 결함의 유형 및 빈도를 정보시스템을 운영하기 전에는 알기 어렵다는 것이다. 따라서 정보시스템 구축 단계에서의 결함허용 기법의 적용과 함께, 구축 후, 운영적인 측면에서의 장애관리 기법을 동시에 고려하여 안정적으로 정보시스템을 운영하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 기술분류체계(TRM)기반의 점검포인트와 이벤트 룰엔진 적용으로 시스템 장애를 사전예측 하는 방법을 포함하는 정보시스템 장애관리 기법인 무장애체계 프로세스를 제시 하였다. 또한, 무장애체계 방법을 적용한 장애관리 정보시스템(PICS)을 하이테크 장치산업의 대표기업에 구축하여 무장애체계 방법 적용 전, 후의 효과도 함께 제시 하였다. 무장애체계 도입 후 월별 장애건수, 장애시간은 각각 46%, 56% 감소하였으며, 장애로 인한 매출에 대한 기회 손실금액은 77% 절감하는 효과를 보였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.157-170
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to survey the instructional state of the unit 'Small Living Things' in the Elementary School Science. for this study, 100 teachers were surveyed on teaching-learning practices. More specifically, questions were asked on the degree of accomplishing instruction objectives, frequency of field . study, experimental preparation, alternative instructional methods, amount of preparation, availability of reference books for teachers and availability of information materials on the Kwangju region. Our results show that teachers find the objectives related to the collection of living things for class experiments and the task of growing and observing them the most difficult to accomplish. It was reported that 38% of teachers have actually conducted field trips. The obstacles listed in going out on field study range from lack of knowledge of appropriate places, lack of time, to safety concerns. The most difficult problem in teaching this unit was preparing proper instructional materials, regardless of teacher's gender, career, and interest. Most respondents let children provide the experimental subjects. Teachers with collection experience tend to provide for the experimental materials themselves. Our Analysis also reveals that more than 70% of the respondents do not have adequate knowledge of the species dealt with in the unit. Gender, career, and interest area of the teachers did not make any difference (p< .05). In the case that proper experimental subjects have not been prepared, VTR, textbooks, and charts were reported as the most frequently used alternative instruction aids. The level of content and amount of knowledge contained in this unit were found to be appropriate. Information on instruction materials and experiment-observation were obtained through the teaching manual or periodicals (58%), information materials on the region(20%), and fellow teachers (12%). Reference books for teachers and materials on the region are perceived to be inadequate in order of importance in the areas of preparation method, level-wise learning guide, experimental observation, and information on species covered in text. Overall, it was judged that the highest concern was with obtaining experimental materials, and teacher's reference books and materials on the region need to be reinforced to allow teachers to more fully utilize them. Development and distribution of proper instruction-learning materials to the children's level is also required.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-148
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• 2018

다양한 스마트 기기 및 관련 서비스의 증가에 따라 텍스트 데이터가 폭발적으로 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인해 방대한 문서로부터 필요한 정보만을 추려내는 작업은 더욱 어려워졌다. 따라서 텍스트 데이터로부터 핵심 내용을 자동으로 요약하여 제공할 수 있는 텍스트 자동 요약 기술이 최근 더욱 주목을 받고 있다. 텍스트 요약 기술은 뉴스 요약 서비스, 개인정보 약관 요약 서비스 등을 통해 현업에서도 이미 활발하게 적용되고 있으며, 학계에서도 문서의 주요 요소를 선별하여 제공하는 추출(Extraction) 접근법과 문서의 요소를 발췌한 뒤 이를 조합하여 새로운 문장을 구성하는 생성(Abstraction) 접근법에 따라 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 문서의 자동 요약 기술에 비해, 자동으로 요약된 문서의 품질을 평가하는 기술은 상대적으로 많은 진전을 이루지 못하였다. 요약문의 품질 평가를 다룬 기존의 대부분의 연구들은 사람이 수작업으로 요약문을 작성하여 이를 기준 문서(Reference Document)로 삼고, 자동 요약문과 기준 문서와의 유사도를 측정하는 방식으로 수행되었다. 하지만 이러한 방식은 기준 문서의 작성 과정에 막대한 시간과 비용이 소요될 뿐 아니라 요약자의 주관에 의해 평가 결과가 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 한계를 갖는다. 한편 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 연구도 일부 수행되었는데, 대표적으로 전문에 대해 차원 축소를 수행하고 이렇게 축소된 전문과 자동 요약문의 유사도를 측정하는 기법이 최근 고안된 바 있다. 이 방식은 원문에서 출현 빈도가 높은 어휘가 요약문에 많이 나타날수록 해당 요약문의 품질이 우수한 것으로 평가하게 된다. 하지만 요약이란 본질적으로 많은 내용을 줄여서 표현하면서도 내용의 누락을 최소화하는 것을 의미하므로, 단순히 빈도수에 기반한 "좋은 요약"이 항상 본질적 의미에서의 "좋은 요약"을 의미한다고 보는 것은 무리가 있다. 요약문 품질 평가의 이러한 기존 연구의 한계를 극복하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 요약의 본질에 기반한 자동 품질 평가 방안을 제안한다. 구체적으로 요약문의 문장 중 서로 중복되는 내용이 얼마나 적은지를 나타내는 요소로 간결성(Succinctness) 개념을 정의하고, 원문의 내용 중 요약문에 포함되지 않은 내용이 얼마나 적은지를 나타내는 요소로 완전성(Completeness)을 정의한다. 본 연구에서는 간결성과 완전성의 개념을 적용한 요약문 품질 자동 평가 방법론을 제안하고, 이를 TripAdvisor 사이트 호텔 리뷰의 요약 및 평가에 적용한 실험 결과를 소개한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.616-626
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• 2008

깊이 값에 따른 얼굴의 형상은 사람의 특징을 나타내는 중요한 요소 중의 하나로서 각 사람마다 다른 모양을 가지고 있으며, 얼굴 영상으로부터 분리한 주파수 성분은 동일한 얼굴에 대하여 또 다른 중요한 하나의 얼굴 특징으로 볼 수 있다. 본 논문은 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 등고선 값에 의해 추출된 영역에 대하여 각 영역별로 주파수 분리를 하여 특징을 추출한 후 이 주파수에 대한 퍼지적분을 적용한 얼굴 인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 객체와 배경을 분리하여 얼굴을 추출한 후 얼굴에서 가장 두드러진 형태인 코끝을 찾고, 회전에 대해 정규화를 실시한다. 얼굴의 등고선 영역은 코끝을 기준으로 깊이 값에 따라 영역이 추출되며 사람마다 서로 다른 형상 특징을 가진다. 등고선에 따라 획득된 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 이산 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 4가지의 주파수 성분을 추출하여 특징정보로 사용한다. 각각의 웨이블릿 주파수 성분을 추출한 등고선 영역에 대해 차원의 감소를 위하여 고유얼굴 추출과 특징 공간상에서 클래스간의 분리를 최대화시키기 위해 선형판별분석 알고리즘을 이용하여 유사도를 비교하였다. 클래스간의 분별 정보를 등고선 영역과 각 영역의 주파수 영역에 대해 퍼지적분 방법을 사용하여 인식률을 향상 시켰으며, 깊이 혼합 방식의 경우는 98.6%의 인식률을 나타내었다. 제안된 방법이 다른 알고리즘보다 인식률이 향상되었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2006

상시진동의 수직 성분에 대한 배열 관측은 상시진동이 대부분 레일리파의 기본 모드로 이루어졌다는 가정하에 지하 층서구조를 추정하기 위해 자주 수행된다. 자료획득, 처리 및 분석의 유용한 도구로서 공간 자기상관(SPAC) 방법이 많이 사용되는데 이는 실제로 M개의 원형 수진기 배열과 중앙의 하나 측점으로 이루어진다 (M 측점 원형 배열). 이 논문에서는 분석 효율 및 현장 노력의 관점에서 효율적인 자료획득을 위한 원형 배열에 필요한 측점의 최소 수에 대해 연구하였다. 이 연구에서는 먼저 M 무한대의 원형 배열을 위한 SPAC 계수들이 단지 Bessel 함수 J0(rk)(r은 반지름, k는 파수)로서 표현되는 SPAC 알고리듬의 이론적 배경을 재정리하였다. 두번째로 M 측점 원형 배열에 대해 상시진동 에너지장과 무관한 오차항을 포함하는 SPAC 계수들을 배열을 가로지르는 파의 방향에 한해 해석적으로 유도해 내고 수치적으로 이들 오차항들에 대해서 평가하였다. 주요 평가 결과들은: 1) 만약 SPAC 계수들이, 계수가 첫번째 최소값을 갖는 주파수까지 이용되면 다른 4-, 5-, 9-측점 배열들에 비교했을 때 3-측점 원형배열이 상시진동의 관측에 효율적이고 유리하다. 2) 나이퀴스트 파수가 유효한 SPAC 계수가 평가될 수 있는 주파수의 상한선을 결정하는데 가장 영향을 끼치는 요소이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Objectives: Diazinon is an insecticide which acts as a contact stomach and respiratory poison, and used throughout the world to control a wide range of sucking and chewing insects and mites on a range of crops. In this study, the airborne diazinon levels were measured for farmers, pest control operaters, landscapers, and agricultural chemicals sellers, and an assessment of the health risk to the workers was presented. The exposure scenario was based on the route of inhalation and skin absorption. The "OSHA Method No. 62" was used to sample and measure the airborne diazinon levels. The skin wipe method was applied to measure the level of the diazinone exposure through the skin. For the determination of exposure scenario, the exposure factors were surveyed for the daily average inhalation rate and the exposure period and frequency and time of diazinone as well as the body weight and lifetime of the workers. The median values of exposure frequency and exposure time were selected after evaluating the validity of those. Methods: The highest level of the diazinon exposure in the air was $107.21ug/m^3$ in farmers, followed by $93.53ug/m^3$ in landscapers, at $31.40ug/m^3$ in pest control operators, and $1.04ug/m^3$ in agricultural chemical seller. The amount of skin absorption was the highest in farmers at 63.39 ug/day, followed by landscapers at 10.47 ng/day, pest control operaters at 4.26 ng/day, and agricultural chemicals sellers at 0.34 ng/day. The hazardous indices calculated using toxicological reference value were 2.79 for pest control operaters, 0.41 for landscapers, 0.07 for agricultural chemicals sellers, and 0.06 for farmers. Conclusions: While the farmers were exposed to the high levels of diazinon through the air and skin, the pest control operaters, landscapers and agricultural chemicals sellers have more the diazinon hazards than the farmer based on the risk assessment in this study.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.113-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish academic identity as well as produce human resources that industries need by grasping curriculum of the departments related beauty focusing on Korean colleges (junior colleges and four year course colleges), analyzing examples of advanced countries and suggesting their developmental direction. For the research method, the reference period of curriculum in Korean colleges was from Jul. 05th, 2011 to Aug. 05th, 2011. the investigation method is as follow: first, the curriculum of the departments related to beauty which were registered in the web sites were investigated. Second, the documents were received by fax and Email from each department after calling it. Third, questions and answers were done in reference to majors on the phones. these methods are intended for 65 junior colleges and 16 four year course colleges (total 81 ones). It clarified that lifelong education centers and the graduate courses were ruled out. the statistical analysis about data which were investigated like this were done by the frequency analysis. The results which examined the major subjects of Make-up focusing on Korea and foreign countries are as follow: First, the result which examined the major and theory subjects of Make-up has found that there are the human body theory, the equipment theory, the marketing theory are the management theory in Korean junior colleges and physiology/chemical, management, marketing and equipment product were treated in four year course colleges of Korea. As for foreign colleges, the subjects related to history and culture are mainly treated as the theory courses and their purpose is to cultivate basic knowledge of the fields which are mainly connected to Make-up including plays, movies, TV and studios. Second, the result which examined practice subjects of Make-up major has found that practice subjects of the total ones are of great importance in junior colleges. And it could be found that the Make-up field is of little importance as it is not independent and exists with the hair and skin fields in one department in the four year course colleges. Especially, in the foreign countries, the more detailed and professional subjects including classes which treat digital media, studio technologies, production, wigs and the special effects were treated by the field class system and these characteristics implies that Korean curriculum should be changed in the future. Based on this analytical results of investigation, this researcher tried to propose the developmental direction of Korean curriculum in the future.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1985

A total of 211 strains of Staphylococcus aureus which included 118 strains isolated from various clinical specimens of admitted patients of University Hospital with systemic or severe cases of infection and 93 strains from infected skin diseases of out-patients of dermatology clinic located in rural area, were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility to the 12 drugs of common use and the phage typing. An these were subjected to the study of plasmid profile analysis for the molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infections. University Hospital(UH) isolates showed higher frequency of resistance than local clinic(LC) isolates against 10 drugs excluding tetracycline(Tc), and trimethoprim(Tp). The MIC of UH isolates were above than $128{\mu}g/ml$ against 9 drugs except Tc, gentamicin(Gm), and Tp, but LC isolates did not show such a high level of MIC. There was difference of MIC needed to inhibit 90% of strains(MIC90) against each drugs tested between two groups of UH and LC isolates. UH isolates showed 2 to 4 times higher value of MIC90 by two-fold serial dilution of drug concentration than LC isolates. Tp was considered as an effective drug in treatment of staphylococcal infections whereas ampicillin and Gm were appeared to be ineffective. Seventy-three strains(61.9%) of UH isolates and 70(69.9%) of LC were typable with phages from Colindale Reference Laboratory. The prevailing phage type of UH isolates belonged to lytic group II were 27 strains(22.9%) and those of LC isolates belonged to lytic group II were 23 strains(24.7%). Thirteen strains(11.0%) of UH isolates were multiply resistant to more than 5 drugs to 10 drugs but none of LC isolates. Through the lysis method of Kado and Liu followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, none of 211 strains showed plasmid profile. These results were confirmed by re-examination through the method of Birnboim and Doly.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2004

The characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) method〔1〕 is new polynomial approach which allows to directly address the transient responses such as overshoot and speed of response time in time domain specifications. The method is based on the relationships between time response and characteristic ratios($\alpha_i$ ) and generalized time constant (T), which are defined in terms of coefficients of characteristic polynomial. However, even though the CRA can apply to developing a linear controller that meets good transient responses, there are still some fundamental questions to be explored. For the purpose of this, we have analyzed several sensitivities of a linear system with respect to the changes of coefficients itself and $\alpha_i$ of denominator polynomial. They are (i) the unnormalized root sensitivity : to determine how the poles change as $\alpha_i$ changes, and (ii) the function sensitivity to determine the sensitivity of step response to the change of o, and to analyze the sensitivity of frequency response as o, changes. As an other important result, it is shown that, under any fixed T and coefficient of the lowest order of s in denominator, the step response is dominantly affected merely by $\alpha_1, alpha_2 and alpha_3$ regardless of the order of denominator higher than 4. This means that the rest of the$\alpha_i$ s have little effect on the step response. These results provide some useful insight and background theory when we select $\alpha_i$ and T to compose a reference model, and in particular when we design a low order controllers such as PID controller.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.335-353
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• 2015

Previous long-term measurements of the Uldolmok tidal current power plant showed that the structure's natural frequencies fluctuate with a constant cycle-i.e., twice a day with changes in tidal height and tidal current velocity. This study aims to improve structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques for offshore structures under a harsh tidal environment like the Uldolmok Strait. In this study, lab-scale experiments on a simplified offshore structure as a lab-scale test structure were conducted in a circulating water channel to thoroughly investigate the causes of fluctuation of the natural frequencies and to validate the displacement estimation method using multimetric data fusion. To this end, the numerical study was additionally carried out on the simplified offshore structure with damage scenarios, and the corresponding change in the natural frequency was analyzed to support the experimental results. In conclusion, (1) the damage that occurred at the foundation resulted in a more significant change in natural frequencies compared with the effect of added mass; moreover, the structural system became nonlinear when the damage was severe; (2) the proposed damage index was able to indicate an approximate level of damage and the nonlinearity of the lab-scale test structure; (3) displacement estimation using data fusion was valid compared with the reference displacement using the vision-based method.