• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.447-455
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• 2006

Together with the trend of enhancement in domestic industrial development and economic progress due to import and export, the demand for construction of the roads, bridges, especially port facilities, and several coastal protection and ocean structures is increasing rapidly. MOMAF of Korean Government is driving construction cf 9 new ports and renovation cf the existing fishery ports. Among these structures most of bridge base, wharves, dolphins, quays, and jetties are being newly built cf steel or concrete pile. As the base, supporting bulkheads, and piles are underwater after construction, it is difficult to figure out the status of structures and not enough to get maintenance and strengthen the structures. Every year, moreover, these works suck the government budget due to higher incomplete maintenance expense for protection from corrosions cf structures and increased underwater construction period. For the purpose cf cutting down the expense cf government budget, it is necessary to extend the life cycle of the existing structures. Therefore, we developed a new method for maintenance of submerged structures near the waterline by allowing dry work environment with the floating caisson. The method shows easy to move around the working area and handle. It also showed not only a significant reduction of maintenance expenses and time for anti-corrosion work but also better protection This will be a milestone to reduce the maintenance and construction expenses for the shore and water structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Traditionally Jeju island has a mild oceanic climate throughout the year and famous as worldwide resort area bacause of its pure natural environment and dramatic coastal scenery. But unpredicted coastal erosion problem, caused by variation of environmental conditions from construction of coastal structure and renovation of the existing ports, has raised its head above the water, and is becoming serious these days just like other coastal area in Korea. The phenomena happen here along the seaside of southern part of the island show that severe changes in coastal line from erosion and even witnessed the coastal cliff failure. In advanced countries, coastal engineers and researchers have studied deeply about this kind of problem for a long time. However, as it is not sot active in Korea and lack of research data, there exists difficulties on building protection methods and thoughtless constructions might make it more complicated and fatal to the coastal environment. In this study, we investigated some case studies of other countries and intended to induce and propose some integral protection methods for coastline erosion, considering environmentally sound and water friendly way of developement such as artificial reef, floating breakwater, and double cellblock breakwater. Finally, we made analysis on the proposed methods with numerical model test and evaluation on the feasibility of each method.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2022

Biorenovation is a method for converting materials using the enzyme properties of microorganisms. Natural products converted by that method increase physiological activity or reduce cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of crypsinus hastatus prothallium (CH) and biorenovated CH prothallium (CHB) using RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CHB inhibited the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂ and cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α) compared to CH at a concentration of 50-200 ㎍/mL. In addition, CHB concentration of 200 ㎍/mL inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein by LPS stimulation to the level of the untreated control group. These results indicate that CHB could be a novel anti-inflammatory agent for cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients.It also suggests that the application of biorenovation has potential usefulness in developing anti-inflammatory materials. It also suggests that the application of bio-renovation has potential usefulness in the development of inflammatory material. We applied Biorenovation technology to Distylium racemosum extract (DR) to generate Distylium racemosum biorenovation product (DRB), and investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of DRB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. We are applying technology to Biorenovation Distylium racemosum extract (DR) Distylium racemosum was to create a biorenovation product (DRB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of DRB in RAW264.7 macrophages treated for.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.537-545
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• 2005

Traditionally Jeju island has a mild oceanic climate throughout the year and famous as worldwide resort area bemuse of its pure natural environment and dramatic coastal scenery. But unpredicted coastal erosion problem, mused by variation of environmental conditions from construction of coastal structure and renovation of the existing ports, has raised its head above the water, and is becoming serious these days just like other coastal area in Korea. The phenomena happen here along the seaside of southern part of the island show that severe changes in coastal line from erosion and even witnessed the coastal cliff failure. In advanced countries, coastal engineers and researchers have studied deeply about this kind of problem for a long time. However, as it is not sot active in Korea and lack of research data, there exists difficulties on building protection methods and thoughtless constructions might make it more complicated and fatal to the coastal environment. In this study, we investigated some case studies of other countries and intended to induce and propose some integral protection methods for coastline erosion, considering environmentally sound and water friendly way of development such as artificial reef, floating breakwater, and double cellblock breakwater. Finally, we made analysis on the proposed methods with numerical model test and evaluation on the feasibility of each method.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-19
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• 2001

According to the acceleration of informationalization and technological renovation in new coming $21^c$, the material production elements like labor and capital as well as others which have been the resources of a country's competitive power are changing into formless knowledge-based assets like knowledge and technology. In order to meet these demands of this time, companies in developed countries are concentrating on competition and cooperation to obtain higher technology as a strategy towards becoming first-class countries in the world. Thus, the development program of human resources should focus on providing creative technical application ability. Especially, universities should develop knowledge, technology, creative problem-solving ability and realism acquired by various fields in industry where engineering is used and make it possible to perform practical tasks. As a plan for enforcement and management of this program, a certification program which evaluates the ability and accomplishments of the study of graduate students in order to manage the quality of education should be applied as soon as possible at the institute which trains engineers. In this study, among the accomplishment assessment which have been suggested as an alternative assessment method, portfolio assessment is introduced into the educational situation of engineering technological human resources to find a method of application.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.527-534
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• 2016

The non-rail mobile rack, which is used for cargo storage, can improve the storage capacities of logistics centers. Furthermore, it has the advantage that it can be used in traditional logistics centers without making any changes or renovation, such as installing rails. However, when the rack is operated by separated drive actuators mounted on the left and the right wheels, precise position control of the wheels is necessary even if the unbalanced cargo weight on the rack would affect the control. Therefore, internal synchronization control for position tracking between the left and right wheels on the non-rail mobile rack is necessary in this study. In addition, external synchronization control for realizing the same straight movements between mobile racks is necessary. For the internal and the external synchronization control, we propose a synchronization control algorithm based on the repetitive control theory. An internal synchronization control algorithm with repetitive control theory requires the application of the robust servo control method owing to parameter variations. In this case, we can set up the gains for the robust servo control system by considering the cargo variations on the mobile rack. Furthermore, for developing the external synchronization control algorithm, we use a double repetitive control system to perform synchronization control between mobile racks. The efficiency of the proposed control algorithm will be verified by simulation and experimental results. The proposed algorithm can be easily applied in the industry.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2002

A transfer paper, is needed in the third firing, is usually utilized for industrial ceramics in order to produce tablewares or promoting products. Products may have the same form, however; the price might be different by what kinds of design have transferred. We need to fully understand these methods in order to create high value and quality. Remodeling, the so-called second architecture, results from social Needs for renovation of structures and changing functions. Tile satisfying the need for a custom-made design which fits the features of a space. Most importantly, the remodeler must make an individual design ordered for the customer with an emphasis on economy and time efficiency. Tiles currently in the market are mass-produced using an automated system with a high-priced mold. It is difficult to find tiles of distinct design that are made in a small quantity. We need to develop a method for making various kinds of tile designs that would be marketed for the remodeling industry. In this study, after designing a certain wall with the tiffs in the space, 1 will talk about developing a method to make transfer paper to produce individual tiles for the space. 1 hope that the functional and aesthetic effect on remodeling will gain in popularity, and that we will foster a new demand for tiles in harmony with the other materials mentioned in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services and to find out the difference in accordance with the number of beds in hospitals. Thirty six hospitals having more than 100beds in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido were the subjects of this study. Data was collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March and April in 2002. The Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of the hospitals and 36 managers of contracting patient food services. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of the study are summerized as follows; Ⅰ. Hospital perspective : The range covered by contract food service was 63.3% and 36.7% in hospital food services, and medical nutrition services. The patient and employee food services were in 83.3%, and patient food services were in 6.7%. The methods selecting contractors are general, limited, selected and competitive biddings, and private contracts. The responsibility for supervision of contract food services was the dietetic department (51.7%) in most cases. Hospitals having personnel responsible for contracting affairs were in 75.9% of the cases and 24.1% did not have personnel. The biggest reason for contracting was facilitation of personnel management. The most important criteria on selecting food services contractors was the professionality of the contractor. Ⅱ. Contractor's perspective : The cost per meal in the year 2001 was composed of 1,905 won for food cost, 1,081 won for labor cost, 222 won for expenses, 114 won for VAT, 14 won for rent and 146 won for miscellaneous or controllable expense, representing 109 won loss per meal. The profit-and-loss contract cost is higher than the fee-contract cost. The ratios of food cost, labor cost and expenses are higher and the ratios of miscellaneous or controllable expense, VAT, rent and profit are lower in hospitals with more than 400 beds compared with those less than 400 beds. However, no significant differences are present between these two groups of hospitals. The actual contract period was 2.2 years upon initial contract and 1.2 years upon renewal. The initial investment cost was 53 million won and the cost of renovation and repair was 8.5 million won. Significant differences were present between two groups of hospitals. The conditions of employment and number of personnel hired by contractors for contract patient food services were significantly different according to the number of beds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.50-57
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• 2018

Based on research projects and maintenance plans that have been carried out to observe changes in the appearance of buildings in Yangdong Village, Gyeongju, this study analyzed the process of changes in roof materials since the 1970s and drew the following conclusions. First, as the proportion of houses used in the yanggi and yanggi in the 1970s appears similar to that of Wagawa, it is believed that the village landscape has changed due to the use of modern materials by modernization and urbanization. Second, the initial stage of readjustment was designated as a folk data protection zone in 1977 and important folk data designation in 1984. However, due to the lack of a budget for repair and indiscriminate repair, the effectiveness of the project did not seem to have been high. As a result, the trend of decreasing the initial price of the previous period and increasing the use of materials such as yanggi and slate were continuing. Third, in the 1990s, the Cultural Heritage Administration pushed for restoration to the traditional method through extensive renovation projects, making efforts to restore traditional materials, such as reduction of the yanggi and roof, removal of the Hamseok roof, and an increase in the price of grass. Fourth, in the 2000s and thereafter, various readjustment projects were completed in the previous period, with the ratio of Wagwa and Choga greatly increased and the number of houses on the roof of slate reduced by about half, and the level of maintenance of the village's retirement homes was readjusted after the World Heritage List in 2010.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

In Japan, the vacancy rates of office buildings have been at high in big cities since 1992. This problem is especially acute in Tokyo, where it is estimated that over 2.27 million square meters of office floor area will be oversupplied in 2003: big urban redevelopment projects will be completed in 2003. Under these circumstances, International Cooperative Research and Development on Sustainable Urban Management by Conversion of Buildings, called “SUMCOB”, has been carried out. This research aims to regenerate urban areas by converting redundant offices into flats, although instances of conversion are still very few in Japan. This paper introduces part of current results by SUMCOB, and discusses legal problems with conversion and basic capacity of vacant offices in Tokyo. It has been confirmed that there are no constraints concerned with Real Estate Registration Law (although it requires the change of the registration after conversion). and City Planning Law. However, some criteria are incompatible with Building Standard Law and Fire Service Law if the use of the building is changed from offices to flats. Typical incompatibility between offices and flats is lightening. If the buildings do not satisfy criteria for flats, the cost of renovation works for conversion will increase. To examine the basic capacity of vacant office buildings for conversion, field surveys in Tokyo have carried out at three areas: Kodenmacho (Chuo-ku), Toranomon (Minato-ku), and Iwamonocho (Chiyoda-ku). They are typical office areas that are included in center core of Tokyo. In Chuo-ku, the oldest commercial area in Tokyo, textile merchants have been located their headquarters. In Minato-ku, many rental office buildings have been located and several large scale redevelopments are advancing. Chiyoda-ku includes Marunouchi area, which is the prime office area in Japan. Thirty percent of the buildings in survey areas suffer from over twenty percent vacant floor rate, and fifty five percent were constructed before 1990. Especially most of buildings over forty percent vacant floor rate were constructed in 1980s. Vacant office problems haven't been seen in old buildings in Tokyo yet. The number of dwelling units made from office space will influence the conversion scheme. Seventy percent of the office buildings in survey areas have floor area of less than two hundred square meters. If they have been subdivided into two bedrooms type or three bedrooms type, the number of dwelling units in a floor would be less than three. The difficulty of conversion planning derives from frontage size, depth size, and their proportion. The five categories are proposed to grasp actual requirements for converting offices into flats.