• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2015

In this study, a cotton knit was dyed with elm bark extract; subsequently, the dyed fabric was measured according to the types of mordants and the preprocessing cationizers used. Additionally, antibiosis against super bacteria was examined. The results follow. First, the color of the dyed cotton knit appeared reddish and yellowish for fabrics treated with non-mordants and mordants. When preprocessing with a cationizer was conducted, the dyeing properties were the best. Second. even when mordants were not used for dyeing, color fastness after washing, sweating, and rubbing was generally good Grade 4 and 5. Color fastness after exposure to sunlight was the best Grade 4 for fabric prepared with ferrous sulfate as the mordant. Third. as for antimicrobial properties, or resistance to super bacteria, the growth of bacteria was suppressed in a meaningful way for fabrics treated with non-mordants and mordants, compared to the control group fabric. The dyeing methods with the most powerful antimicrobial effects were dyeing after preprocessing with a cationizer and preparing fabric with copper sulfate as the mordant. The results stated above show that in case of dyeing with elm bark extract, preprocessing of the cotton knit with a cationizer and dying with copper mordant displayed high levels of antimicrobial properties that were useful for resisting super bacteria. Of these the dyeing properties were the best when preprocessing with a cationizer.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2006

Purpose : The aim of this study is to investigate the antibiotic effects of 14 herbs among blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicinals on vaginal microorganisms. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginal pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for vaginal normal flora. The blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicinals, Mucunae Caulis, Salviae Radix, Persicae Semen, Myrrha, Zedoariae Rhizoma, Achuranthis Radix, Leonuri Herba, Melandrii Herba, Gleditsiae Spina, Lycopi Herba, Scirpi Rhizoma, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Corydlais Tuber and Polygoni Cuspidati Radix were used in this study. In vitro antibiotic activities were observed by optical density and colony test. Results : The optical density and colony test showed that Gleditsiae Spina, Scirpi Rhizoma, Corydlais Tuber, Polygoni Cuspidati Radix and Melandrii Herba of herbs among blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicinals had antimicrobial effect. Gleditsiae Spina had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Gardnerella vaginalis and MRSA. Scirpi Rhizoma had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Corydlais Tuber had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in MRSA. Polygoni Cuspidati Radix had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Gardnerella vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. Melandrii Herba had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Gardnerella vaginalis. Conclusion : According to the above results, we could suggest that Gleditsiae Spina, Scirpi Rhizoma, Corydlais Tuber, Polygoni Cuspidati Radix and Melandrii Herba of herbs among blood-activating stasis-dispelling medicinals be available to antimicrobial agent of vaginal pathogenic microbial species in vitro.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a within subject repeated pretest-posttest design done to compare the effect of disinfection and the degree of MRSA(Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus) isolation from hand disinfectant in ICU nurses. Method: Out of the total internal medicine/surgery ICU nurses at a university hospital in Seoul, 29 female nurses who were participating in direct patient care were participants in this study. After collection of samples, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were isolated from the palms, nails and nasal cavities of the nurses according to disinfectants (soap and beta-scrub). Results: The effect of disinfection was greater in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group, and the effect of disinfection on palms was higher in the beta-scrub group than in the soap group. As for the degree of MRSA isolation, there was more isolation in palms in the soap group than in the beta-scrub group but there was no difference in the degree of MRSA isolation from the hand disinfectant in nails and nasal cavities. Conclusion: Beta-scrub showed a superior prolonged effect against transient bacteria compared with soap. Further, to reduce MRSA infection, we recommend interventions focused on these aspects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.323-336
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• 1996

This is a retrospective study on the patients with infection of the oral and maxillofacial region with the purpose of obtaining some useful data for diagnosis and treatment plan of that relatively common disease in dentistry. The used materials of study were 87 in total, including 52 male patients, 35 female patients who diagnosed and treated at the Department of the Dentistry in Hanyang Medical College Hospital for the period of Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1994. The author analyzed the distribution and incidence of sex, age, admission period, etiologic factors, etiologic teeth, treatment method of infections, pus culture, antibiotics sensibilities and medication. The result obtained as follows : 1. The developmental incidences by sex was superior in male by the ratio of 1.5 : 1 and the infection was most frequently occurred during the third decades(35.6%). 2. The number of admitted patients elevated in February, March, and April, and average of admission period was 9.8 days. 3. Main etiologic teeth showed on lower molar region in adult(63%) and upper molar region in primary dentition(46.1%). 4. Medications were administrated in all of the cases, and surgical incision and drainage were performed in 53% and extraction of the causative teeth were performed in 63.6% of all cases. 5. The most common involved fascial spaces were Buccal space(41.4%), Infraorbital space(27.6%), Submandibular space(16.1%),in order, and 9 cases(10.3%) were Ludwig's Angina. In 68.2% of the patients, and infection involved only one fascial space and in 21.8% of the patients, it involved to more fascial spaces. 6. The most causative organisms isolated from pus culture were Gram-positive facultative cocci(55.5%), and antibiotics sensitivities on the total isolated bacterial strains were exposed chloramphenicol(88.6%), Cephalothin(88.6%), Erythromycin(81.5%), Lincomycin(77.8%) in order, but it showed resistant on Gentamycin(58.3%), Tetracycline(56.5%), Methicillin(38.5%).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2016

최근 전세계적으로 지역사회 기원 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(CA-MRSA)에 의한 피부연부조직 감염증이 증가하고 있다. 16개월의 한국 여아가 생후 6개월부터 시작된 반복되는 피부연부조직 감염증을 주소로 내원하였다. 환아의 가족들도 환아와 비슷한 시기에 피부연부조직 감염증의 병력이 있었다. 환아의 혈중 면역글로불린 및 NBT 검사는 정상이었고, 피부 병변 외에는 가족 모두 건강하였다. 환아의 감염증 부위의 고름 배양 및 비강 내 보균 검사시 모두 PVL genes을 생성하는 CA-MRSA ST714 SCCmec type IV가 확인되었고, 이는 ST30의 single locus variant로서 국내에서는 보고된 적이 없는 MRSA의 유전형이다. 환아와 함께, 환아의 균주와 동일 항생제 감수성 양상을 보이는 MRSA 보균자인 환아부에게 재발 방지를 위해서 비강내 mupirocin 5일 요법을 시행하였고 이후 10개월간 추가적인 재발은 없었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1841-1848
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• 2006

Insights into gene expression have the potential for improvement of antibiotic yield and the development of robust production hosts for use in recombinant biomolecule production. $Cubicin^{TM}$ (daptomycin for injection) is a recently approved antibiotic active against many Gram(+) pathogens, including those resistant to methicillin, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolones. Daptomycin is produced as a secondary metabolite by Streptomyces roseosporus. A 128 kb region of DNA including the daptomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (dpt) has been cloned. and sequenced. Using a selected array of nucleic acid probes representing this region, we compared the expression levels of the dpt genes between S. roseosporus wild-type (WT) and derived S. roseosporus high-producer of daptomycin (HP). We observed that the majority of the biosynthetic genes were upregulated in HP compared with WT; a total of 12 genes, including those encoding daptomycin synthetase, showed consistently and significantly higher expression levels, at least 5-fold, in HP compared with WT. In contrast, some genes, flanking the dpt cluster, were expressed at higher levels in the WT strain. The expression of housekeeping genes such as S. roseosporus rpsL, rpsG, and 16S (positive controls) and presumptive intergenic regions in the dpt cluster (negative control) were identical in the two strains. In addition, we compared transcription during the early, mid-log, and early-stationary phases of growth in the HP strain. The same set of genes was upregulated and downregulated under all conditions examined; housekeeping genes showed no relative change in expression level over the periods of growth tested. Analyses of this type would be of value in studies of strain improvement and also for the identification of gene regulation processes that are important for secondary metabolite production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2012

Nargenicin $A_1$ is a 28-membered polyketide macrolide, with antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, produced by Nocardia sp. CS682. In this study, the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by enhancing the supply of different biosynthetic precursors. In Nocardia sp. CS682 (KCTC11297BP), this improvement was ~4.62-fold with the supplementation of 30 mM methyl oleate, 4.25-fold with supplementation of 15mM sodium propionate, and 2.81-fold with supplementation of 15 mM sodium acetate. In Nocardia sp. metK18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (MetK), the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by ~5.57-fold by supplementation with 30 mM methyl oleate, 5.01-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium propionate, and 3.64-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium acetate. Furthermore, supplementing the culture broth of Nocardia sp. ACC18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex (AccA2 and AccBE) with 30 mM methyl oleate, 15 mM sodium propionate, or 15 mM sodium acetate resulted in ~6.99-, 6.46-, and 5.58-fold increases, respectively, in nargenicin $A_1$ production. Our overall results showed that among the supplements, methyl oleate was the most effective precursor supporting the highest titers of nargenicin $A_1$ in Nocardia sp. CS682, Nocardia sp. metK18, and Nocardia sp. ACC18.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1916-1924
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• 2019

Outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) causing serious human diseases and economic losses have been reported globally. Furthermore, the spread of Staphylococcus aureus with increased resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has become a major concern in the food industries and medicine. Here, we isolated an endolysin LysSAP8, as one of the peptidoglycan hydrolases, derived from the bacteriophage SAP8 infecting S. aureus. This endolysin was tagged with a 6×His at the C-terminal of the target protein and purified using affinity chromatography. LysSAP8 demonstrated lytic activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, which included a majority of the staphylococcal strains tested in this study as well as the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); however, no such activity was observed against other gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, LysSAP8 could maintain bactericidal activity until 0.1 nM working concentration and after heat treatment at 37℃ for 30 min. The ability of LysSAP8 to lyse cells under varying conditions of temperature (4-43℃), pH (3-9), and NaCl concentrations (0-1,000 mM), and divalent metal ions (Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Zn²⁺) was examined. At the optimized condition, LysSAP8 could disrupt approximately 3.46 log CFU/ml of the planktonic cells in their exponential phase of growth within 30 min. In this study, we have suggested that LysSAP8 could be a potent alternative as a biocontrol agent that can be used to combat MRSA.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.347-353
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• 1998

토양에서 분리한 Streptomyces lydicus YSK-681이 생산하는 메치실린내성 황색 포도상구균에 유효한 항생물질을 정제하여 물리화학적 특성을 주사하였다. 물질정제는chloroform으로 추출한 후 silica gel column chromatography, Si ODS, GPC HPLC순으로 진행하였다. FAB MS의 분자량 측정결과 m/z 1022.4와 1036.4(M+H)+의 두 개의 피크가 분석되었으며, NMR 분석에서는 -OH와 leucine으로 추정되는 관능기가 조사되었다. 정제된 항생물질의 MIC는 그람 양성군에 대해서 1~32 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, 그람 음성군과 효모에서는 125 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상이었다. 임상에서 분리된 129개의 MRSA에 대한 MIC는 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$이었으며, 암세포인 P388, HeLa, S180에 대한 세포 독성은 없었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the interior warming herbs on vaginal microbes. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbes. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And herbs for warming the interior (Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma, Aconiti Tuber, Anethi Fructus, Evodiae Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, Caryophylli Flos, Aconiti Tube, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Piperis Longi Fructus, Piperis Nigri Fructus) were used in this study. Antimicrobial activities were tested by the change of optical densities (OD) and colony test in vitro. Results: In the results of vaginitis-induced microbes, Anethi Fructus was decreased the OD values on MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis and Aconiti Tuber was decreased on MRSA. There were no viable MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis colony forming against Evodiae Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colony forming against Piperis Longi Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus colony forming against Piperis Nigri Fructus and MRSA colony forming against Zanthoxyli Pericarpium. In the results of normal vaginal florae, Zingiberis Rhizoma was decreased the OD values on Streptococcus spp. and all normal vaginal florae were showed viable colony forming against all experimental herbs. Conclusion: According to these results, we can suggest that some kinds of interior warming herbs have antimicrobial effects on vaginal microbes. So there might be needed to make furthermore studies to seek the herbs which have selective antimicrobial effect on pathologic vaginal microbes.