• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Measurements of global emissions, flame radiation and flame dimensions are presented for unconfined turbulent-jet and precessing-jet diffusion flames. Precessing jet flames are characterised by increases in global flame radiation and global flame residence time for methane and propane fuels, however a strong dependency of the NOx emission indices on the fuel type exists. The fuel type dependence is considered to be because soot radiation is more effective than gas-radiation at reducing global flame temperatures relative to adiabatic flame temperatures and reducing the NO production rate.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.131-138
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• 1998

Flame characteristics in a double concentric burner has been studied experimentally. Air is supplied through a central nozzle, methane/air premixture is supplied in a inner annular part, and coflowing shield air is supplied to minimize outside disturbances. Depending on flow rate and concentration, various flame shapes can be observed. As the flow rate difference between central air jet and annular premixed jet is varied, several distinctive flames are observed. Conditions of partially premixed flames are further investigated; nozzle attached rich premixed flame, inner lifted flame, and outer lifted flame. Using the Abel transformation of digitized images of flames, cross- sectional images of flames can be obtained, from which overall structure of flames can be identified. PLIF measurement of OR radical was also conducted. OR radicals were mainly distributed in diffusion flame region. From the difference of OR distribution between nozzle attached and lifted flames, similarity of OR distribution between tribrachial flame and lifted flames in this study are observed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2372-2377
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• 2007

Characteristics of turbulent lifted flames in coflow jets with the varying initial temperature have recently been investigated about only propane case diluted by nitrogen. The investigation has firstly improved a premixed flame model and a large scale mixing model among competing theories on the stabilization mechanism of turbulent flame to be suitable for a high temperature condition. In this research, about methane with good availability to apply for a practical combustor as clean fuel, its characteristics of turbulent nonpremixed flame have been studied experimentally. The results have shown an effectiveness of the premixed flame model and the large scale mixing model considered initial temperature variation. Additionally, considering the axial distance where the mean fuel concentration falls below the stoichiometric level along the center line of the jet according to diluting nitrogen, the premixed flame model have more accurately been improved.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.387-389
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• 2014

Laminar lifted methane jet flame diluted with nitrogen and helium in co-flow air has been investigated experimentally. This paper examines the role of chemistry, intermediate species responsible for stabilization of lifted flame. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism in lifted methane jet flames with Sc<1, the chemiluminescence intensities of $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ were measured using ICCD camera at various nozzle exit velocities and fuel mole fractions. It has been observed that the $OH^*$ species can play an important role in stabilization of lifted methane jet flame as they are good indicators of heat release rate which can affect on flame speed and increase stability through reduction in ignition delay time.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

Laminar lifted methane jet flame diluted with nitrogen and helium in co-flow air has been investigated experimentally. This paper examines the role of chemistry, intermediate species responsible for stabilization of lifted flame. To elucidate the stabilization mechanism in lifted methane jet flames with Sc<1, the chemiluminescence intensities of $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ were measured using ICCD camera at various nozzle exit velocities and fuel mole fractions. It has been observed that the $OH^*$ species can play an important role in stabilization of lifted methane jet flame as they are good indicators of heat release rate which can affect on flame speed and increase stability through reduction in ignition delay time.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

High efficient and environment friendly combustion technologies are used to be operated an extreme condition, which results in unintended flame instability such as extinction and oscillation. The use of electromagnetic energy is one of methods to enhance the combustion stability and a microwave as electromagnetic wave is receiving increased attention recently because of its high performance and low-cost system. In this study, an experiment was performed with jet diffusion flames induced by microwave. Micro jet was introduced to simulate the high velocity of industrial combustor. The results show that micro jet flames had three different modes with increasing oxidizer velocity; attached yellow flame, lifted flame, and lifted partially premixed flame. As a microwave was induced to flames, the overall flame stability and blowout limit were extended with the higher microwave power. Especially the interaction between a flame and a microwave was shown clearly in the partially premixed flame, in which the lift-off height decreased and NOx emission measured in post flame region increased with increasing microwave power. It might be attributed to increase of reactivity due to the abundance of radical pool and the enhanced absorption to thermal energy.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1996

An experimental investigation has been made with the objective of studying the limits of equivalence ratio on mixing enhancement in a tone excited jet flame. The jet is pulsed by means of a loudspeaker-driven cavity and rich flames(${\phi}>1.5$) are used. The excitation frequency is chosen for the resonant frequency identified as a pipe resonance due to acoustic excitation. Methane, propane and butane are used to examine the effect of mixture property on the limit of equivalence ratio. Mixing is always enhanced in a methane/air flame as the excitation intensity increases. Constant lower limits of equivalence ratio for mixing enhancement are present in cases of propane/air and butane/air flames irrespective of mean mixture velocities. The equivalence ratio limits are also found to be related to the flame instability ; the lower Le, the higher the limit of equivalence ratio. Under the equivalence ratio limits, cellular flames are generated as the excitation intensity increases. The amplitude of oscillating velocity for generating a cellular flame in the equivalence ratio limit is proportional to a mean mixture velocity irrespective of fuels.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

고온의 동축류 공기와 수소가 함유된 메탄 연료제트에서 자발화된 층류 부상화염의 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과로 순수 메탄 제트에서 자발화되는 경계 온도인 920 K 를 초과하는 초기 온도에서 메탄/수소 혼합기의 자발화된 부상화염은 연료 몰분율에 따라 삼지화염 또는 마일드 연소를 보였고, 제트속도에 따라 부상화염의 높이가 증가하는 전형적인 특성을 보였다. 소량의 수소가 첨가된 부상화염의 높이는 메탄의 경우와 유사하게 단열적 점화지연시간의 2 승에 대한 의존성이 유지되었다. 반면에, 초기 온도가 920 K 미만인 경우에서 화염은 수소의 점화 촉진에 의해서 자발화 되었다. 그리고 제트속도가 증가함에 따라 자발화된 부상화염의 높이는 비선형적으로 감소하는 독특한 특성을 보였으며, 수소의 선호확산이 그 현상에 대해서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.159-165
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• 2003

Self-excited noise generation from laminar flames in thin annular jets of methane/air premixture has been investigated experimentally. Various flames were observed in this flow configuration, including conical shape flames, ring shape flames, steady crown shape flames, and oscillating crown shape flames. Self-excited noise with the total sound pressure level of about 70dB was generated from the oscillating crown shape flames for the equivalence ratio larger than 0.95. Sound pressure and $CH^{\ast}$ chemiluminescence were measured by using a microphone and a photomultiplier tube. The frequency of generated noise was measured as functions of equivalence ratio and premixture velocity. A frequency doubling phenomena have also been observed. The measured $CH^{\ast}$ chemiluminescence data were analyzed from which the corresponding sound pressure has been calculated. By comparing the data with those of measured ones, the noise source can be attributed to the flame front fluctuation near the edge of the oscillating crown-shape flames. The flame stability regime was influenced sensitively to the supplying air through the inner tube.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2004년도 Proceedings of 2004 Korea-Japan Joint Seminar on Particle Image Velocimetry
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• pp.147-155
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• 2004

Self-excited noise generation from laminar flames in thin annular jets of methane/air premixture has been investigated experimentally. Various flames were observed in this flow configuration, including conical shape flames, ring shape flames, steady crown shape flames, and oscillating crown shape flames. Self-excited noise with the total sound pressure level of about 70dB was generated from the oscillating crown shape flames for the equivalence ratio larger than 0.95. Sound pressure and $CH^*$ chemiluminescence were measured by using a microphone and a photomultiplier tube. The frequency of generated noise was measured as functions of equivalence ratio and premixture velocity. A frequency doubling phenomena have also been observed. The flame shape during flame oscillation was reconfirmed by a synchronized PIV experiment. The velocity and pressure field were obtained from PIV. The minimum pressure was formed near the edge of flame representing circulation. By comparing the results of sound pressure, flame luminosity and PIV, the noise source can be attributed to the flame front fluctuation near the edge of the oscillating crown-shape flames.