• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2007

Gas hydrate is a special kind of inclusion compound that can be formed by capturing gas molecules to water lattice in high pressure and low temperature conditions. When referred to standard conditions, $1m^3$ solid hydrates contain up to $172Nm^3$ of methane gas, depending on the pressure and temperature of production. Such large volumes make natural gas hydrates can be used to store and transport natural gas. In this study, three-phase equilibrium conditions for forming methane hydrate were theoretically obtained in aqueous single electrolyte solution containing 3wt% NaCl. The results show that the predictions match the previous experimental values very well, and it was found that NaCl acts as an inhibitor.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2013

When flammable gases are mixed with air or oxygen in the explosion concentration range and are ignited by sufficiently large electrostatic discharge energy, they may explode causing severe disaster in workplace. The minimum ignition energy(MIE) of single gas-air mixtures has been already investigated by many research, but the MIE of mixtures of more than ternary gas mixture is not examined yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MIE of a ternary gas(methane, ethylene, hydrogen, propane) mixtures experimentally. The results of our experiment show that the ignition of a methane-ethylene-air, methane-hydrogen-air, methane-propane-air, ethylene-hydrogen-air, ethylene-propane-air and hydrogen-propane-air mixture due to electrostatic discharge energy primarily depends on that the mixture: the MIE decreases gradually with the increase of having the lower MIE than other mixture ratio in the normal atmospheric pressure.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

가스 하이드레이트는 높은 지구 온난화 잠재력을 가지고 있는 메탄가스를 해수 또는 대기 중으로 유입시킬 수 있어 전 지구적 탄소순환과정과 기후 변화에 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 해양 또는 대기로 방출되는 메탄의 90% 이상을 미생물 반응을 통해 산화시킬 수 있는 혐기적 메탄산화 과정이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 동해 울릉분지내 메탄 가스 하이드레이트 퇴적토에 서식하는 미생물 군집의 mcrA 유전자와 16S rRNA 유전자를 분석하였다. 혐기적 메탄산화 고세균(Anaerobic methane oxidizer: ANME) 군집의 수직적 분포를 조사한 결과, 표층과 황산염 메탄전이대(Sulfate methane transition zone: SMTZ)에서는 ANME-1 그룹이, high methane 층에서는 ANME-2c 그룹이 우점하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용한 고세균의 군집분석 결과, 혐기적 메탄산화가 일어나는 지역에서 주로 발견되는 marine benthic group-B가 50% 이상의 비율로 우점하였다. 세균의 경우 질산염을 환원시킬 수 있는 세균이 SMTZ (Halomonas 속: 56.5%)와 high methane 층(Achromobacter 속: 52.6%)에서 우점하였으며 황산염 환원 세균 군집은 확인되지 않았다. 동해 울릉분지 메탄가스 하이드레이트의 혐기적 메탄산화과정은 일반적으로 해양 퇴적토에서 알려진 혐기적 메탄산화 고세균과 황산염 환원 세균과의 공생에 의한 반응이 아닌 혐기적 메탄산화 고세균과 질산염 환원세균에 의한 반응이 주도할 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

LFG (Land-Fill Gas) includes components of $CH_4$, $CO_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, and water. The preparation of synthesis gas from LFG as a DME (Dimethyl Ether) feedstock was studied by methane reforming of $CO_2$, $O_2$ and steam over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Our experiments were performed to investigate the effects of methane conversion and syngas ratio on the amount of LFG components over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Results were obtained through the activity reaction experiments at the temperature of $900^{\circ}C$ and GHSV of 4,000. The results were as following; it has generally shown that methane conversion rate increased with the increase of oxygen and carbon dioxide amounts. Highly methane conversion of 92~93% and syngas ratio of approximately 1.0 were obtained in the feed of gas composition flow-rate of 243ml/min of $CH_4$, 241ml/min of $CO_2$, 195ml/min of $O_2$, 48ml/min of $N_2$, and 360ml/min of water, respectively, under reactor pressure of 15 bar for 50 hrs of reaction time. Also, it was shown that catalyst deactivation by coke formation was reduced by excessively adding oxygen and steam as an oxidizer of the methane reforming.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2006

저압에서 용량성 라디오 주파수 방전을 이용하여 메탄을 합성가스로 전환시키는 반응을 고찰하였다. 플라즈마에서 발생된 높은 에너지를 갖는 전자들이 메탄분자와 산소를 함유하고 있는 기체 분자들과 충돌에 의해 합성가스로 전환되었다. 입력전력, 함산소화합물의 종류, 함산소화합물과 메탄의 조성이 메탄 전환율 및 수소와 일산화탄소의 수율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 메탄 전환율은 최대 100%이었으며, 합성가스이외의 다른 화합물들은 거의 생성되지 않았다. 입력전력이 증가함에 따라 메탄전환율과 합성가스의 수율이 증가하였으며, 함산소화합물의 종류에 따라 각각 다른 조성의 합성가스를 생성할 수 있었다. 메탄과 함산소화합물을 함께 반응시킴으로써 순수한 합성가스를 제조할 수 있었는데 함산소화합물의 종류에 따라 합성가스의 조성을 조절할 수 있었으며 불순물이 거의 없는 순수한 생성물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.942-948
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• 2007

Popular techniques for producing hydrogen by converting methane include steam reforming and catalyst reforming. However, these are high temperature and high pressure processes limited by equipment, cost and difficulty of operation. Low temperature plasma is projected to be a technique that can be used to produce high concentration hydrogen from methane. It is suitable for miniaturization and fur application in other technologies. In this research, the effect of changing each of the following variables was studied using an AC GlidArc system that was conceived by the research team: the gas components ratio, the gas flow rate, the catalyst reactor temperature and voltage. Results were obtained for methane and hydrogen yields and intermediate products. The system used in this research consisted of 3 electrodes and an AC power source. In this study, air was added fur the partial oxidation reaction of methane. The result showed that as the gas flow rate, the catalyst reactor temperature and the electric power increased, the methane conversion rate and the hydrogen concentration also increased. With $O_2/C$ ratio of 0.45, input flow rate of 4.9 l/min and power supply of 1 kW as the reference condition, the methane conversion rate, the high hydrogen selectivity and the reformer energy density were 69.2%, 32.6% and 35.2% respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.660-669
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• 2012

Gas resources captured in the form of gas hydrates are an order of magnitude larger than the resources available from conventional resources. Focus of this research is to investigate the effect of DME on phase equilibria of methane hydrate, as well as the possibility of the use of the PRO/II computer simulation to estimate the phase equilibria. In systems containing water and a gaseous component like, for instance, methane, ethane, and propane, gas hydrates may occur, if conditions in terms of pressure and temperature are satisfied. Mixtures of gases, e.g. LPG or natural gas, are also able to form gas hydrates in the presence of water. The experiments presented here were performed at temperatures varying between 268.15K and 288.15K and at pressures varying between 1.88 MPa and 10.56 MPa. It was found that the phase equilibria of methane hydrate is influenced by the addition of DME to the system. The pressure for the equilibrium hydrate-liquid water-vapor (H - $L_w$ - V) in the system water + methane is reduced upon addition of DME. The phase equilibria of methane hydrate can be estimated by the PRO/II computer simulation, whereas those of methane hydrate containing DME or LPG can't be estimated properly.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2001

이 논문에서는 일정한 온도를 유지할 수 있는 자켓타입의 교반 반응기내에서 인공적으로 메탄 하이드레이트를 제조하였으며, 제조시의 하이드레이트의 형상 변화를 관찰하였다. 제조된 하이드레이트의 연소 시연에서는 하이드레이트로 천연가스의 수송 및 저장 가능성을 나타내고 있다. 또한 메탄 하이드레이트 제조시 제조 조건들, 반응기의 온도, 압력 및 교반속도 등의 영향에 대하여 측정하였다. 이러한 제조 조건에 따라 하이드레이트의 생성 속도 및 유도시간을 관찰하였다. 특히 하이드레이트의 성장 즉 핵의 생성과 하이드레이트의 구조 형성에 커다란 영향을 주는 것은 인자들 중에 온도와 압력으로 가스 하이드레이트에 관한 가스의 저장과 수송측면을 알아 볼 경우에 필히 검토해야 할 부분으로 판단된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2007

Popular techniques for producing synthesis gas by converting methane include steam reforming and catalyst reforming. However, these are high temperature and high pressure processes limited by equipment, cost and difficulty of operation. Low temperature plasma is projected to be a technique that can be used to produce high concentration hydrogen from methane. It is suitable for miniaturization and for application in other technologies. In this research, the effect of changing each of the following variables was studied using an AC Glidarc system that was conceived by the research team: the gas components ratio, the gas flow rate, the catalyst reactor temperature and voltage. Glidarc plasma reformer was consisted of 3 electrodes and an AC power source. And air was added for the partial oxidation reaction of methane. The result showed that as the gas flow rate, the catalyst reactor temperature and the electric power increased, the methane conversion rate and the hydrogen concentration also increased. With $O_2/C$ ratio of 0.45, input flow rate of 4.9 l/min and power supply of 1 kW as the reference condition, the methane conversion rate, the high hydrogen selectivity and the reformer energy density were 69.2%, 36.2% and 35.2% respectively.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

$1m^3$ hydrate of pure methane can be decomposed to the maximum of $216m^3$ methane at standard condition. If these characteristics of hydrate are reversely utilized, natural gas is fixed into water in the form of hydrate solid. Therefore, the hydrate is considered to be a great way to transport and store natural gas in large quantity. Especially the transportation cost is known to be 18-24% less than the liquefied transportation. In the present investigation, experiments and theoretical calculation carried out for the formation of methane hydrate in NaCl 3.5wt% solution. The results show that the equilibrium pressure in seawater is more higher than that in pure water, and methane hydrate could be formed rapidly during pressurization if the subcooling is maintained at 9K or above in seawater and 8K or above in pure water, respectively. Also, amount of consumed gas volume in pure water is more higher that in seawater at the same experimental conditions. Therefore, it is found that NaCl acts as a inhibitor.