• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1992

벼 군락(群落)의 미기상요소(微氣象要素)들이 증발산(蒸發散)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 그들의 상호관련(相互關聯)을 구명(究明)하고자 1989년(年)에 기상청(氣象廳) 수원기상대(水原氣象臺) 포장(圃場)에서 대청벼와 삼강벼를 공시(供試)하여 종관기상(綜觀氣象), 군락(群落)의 미기상(微氣象)과 증발산량(蒸發散量), 작물(作物)의 건물생산량(乾物生産量) 등을 측정(測定) 조사(調査)하고, 증발산량(蒸發散量)의 생육시기별(生育時期別) 변화(變化)와 기상요소(氣象要素)의 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 군락(群落)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 증발계(蒸發計)의 증발량(蒸發量), 기온(氣溫), 일사량(日射量), 일조시수(日照時數), 초관부(草冠部) 상단(上端)의 공기(空氣)와의 포차(飽差), 수온(水溫) 등의 순(順)으로 상관계수(相關係數)가 높았다. 2. 벼 군락(群落)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)과 측정증발량(測定蒸發量)과의 관계(關係)는 소형증발계(小型蒸發計)의 증발량(蒸發量)에 비하여 Class A 증발계(蒸發計)의 증발량(蒸發量)이 더욱 밀접한 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. 3. 벼 군락(群落)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)과 증발량(蒸發量)과의 관계(關係)에서 대청벼 보다 삼강벼의 상관계수(相關係數)가 더욱 높은 품종간차이(品種間差異)를 보였다. 4. Class A 증발계(蒸發計)로 측정(測定)된 증발량(蒸發量)에 대한 벼 군락(群落)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)의 비(比)는 전생육기간(全生育期間)을 통(通)하여 1.0이상이었으며, 8월(月) 하순(下旬)에는 1.9로서 최고(最高)에 달하였다. 5. Class A 증발계(蒸發計)의 증발량(蒸發量)은 소형증발계(小型蒸發計)에 의한 측정치(測定値)의 0.719배(倍)이었다. 6. 증발산량(蒸發散量)은 순복사량(純輻射量)보다는 태양(太陽)에너지 복사량(輻射量)과의 상관(相關)이 높았으며, 순복사량(純輻射量)은 태양(太陽)에너지 복사량(輻射量)의 0.66배(倍)이었다. 7. 최고기온(最高氣溫)은 평균기온(平均氣溫)보다 작물(作物)의 증발산량(蒸發散量)과의 상관(相關)이 높았고, 6m 높이의 풍속(風速)과는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였지만, 강우일(降雨日)을 제외한 경우 상대습도(相對濕度)와의 상관계수(相關係數)는 매우 낮았다. 8. 기상요소(氣象要素)를 자료(資料)로 증발산량(蒸發散量)을 추정(推定)하기위하여 작성된 회귀(回歸)모델은 $ET=-5.3594+0.7005_{pan}A+0.1926T_{mean}+0.0878_{sol}+0.025RH$이었고, 이 모델에 의한 추정치(推定値)는 실측치(實測値)와 거의 일치(一致)($R^2=0.607$)하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2016

We analyzed diurnal variations in the surface air temperature using the high density urban climate observation network of Daegu in summer, 2013. We compared the time elements, which are characterized by the diurnal variation of surface air temperature. The warming and cooling rates in rural areas are faster than in urban areas. It is mainly due to the difference of surface heat capacity. In addition, local wind circulation also affects the discrepancy of thermal spatiotemporal distribution in Daegu. Namely, the valley and mountain breezes affect diurnal variation of horizontal distribution of air temperature. During daytimes, the air(valley breeze) flows up from urban located at lowlands to higher altitudes of rural areas. The temperature of valley breeze rises gradually as it flows from lowland to upland. Hence the difference of air temperature decreases between urban and rural areas. At nighttime, the mountains cool more rapidly than do low-lying areas, so the air(mountain breeze) becomes denser and sinks toward the valleys(lowlands). As the result, the air temperature becomes lower in rural areas than in urban areas.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1997

Total suspended particulate matters in the ambient air were analyzed for eight chemical elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Si, and Zn) using an x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) at the Kyung Hee University - Suwon Campus during 1989 to 1994. To use these data as basis for source identification study, membership of each sample was selected to represent one of the well defined sample groups. The data sets consisting of 83 objects and 8 variables were initially separated into two groups, fine (d$_{p}$<3.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and coarse particle groups (d$_{p}$>3.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). A hierarchical clustering method was examined to obtain possible member of homogeneous sample classes for each of the two groups by transforming raw data and by applying various distances. A disjoint principal component analysis was then used to define homogeneous sample classes after deleting outliers. Each of five homogeneous sample classes was determined for the fine and the coarse particle group, respectively. The data were properly classified via an application of logarithmic transformation and Euclidean distance concept. After determining homogeneous classes, correlation coefficients among eight chemical variables within all the homogeneous classes for calculated and meteorological variables (temperature. relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation) were examined as well to intensively interpret environmental factors influencing the characteristics of each class for each group. According to our analysis, we found that each class had its own distinct seasonal pattern that was affected most sensitively by wind direction.ion.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

충주시에 소재하는 주요 환경시설로부터 배출되는 악취성 물질의 배출특성을 주민 민원에 대한 설문과 정치형 시료채취기를 활용하여 조사하였다. 네 군데의 조사시설 가운데 분뇨처리장이 가장 높은 악취농도를 보여주었다. 악취성물질의 주요 성분은 황화합물, 트리메칠아민, 알데히드 등이었다. 음식물 쓰레기 처리공정은 황화합물과 알데히드를 많이 배출하였다. 도시하수처리장은 고농도의 알데히드를 배출하는 것으로 나타났다. 악취의 관능 수준은 기상여건에 따라 다양하였으며, 심야의 악취 강도가 주간보다 훨씬 심각하게 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to estimate hourly Asian dust emission flux in springtime by using the optimized Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF) in order to accurately predict the horizontal flux of Asian dusts. Asian dust emission flux using 5 empirical formulas such as US EPA, Park and Inn, Wang, The Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) and Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) were calculated and compared by using classified land-use types and size distribution at various locations in China and Mongolia together with the hourly meteorological elements of the WRF model. As a result, the empirical formula in US EPA among them, which was considered the various conditions such as vegetation, soil type and terrain, was better than the other 4 empirical formulas. However, these formulas were adjusted hourly and vertically in time and space because there was different order and time resolution of dust emissions from original empirical formulas.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1241-1251
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• 2014

The study investigates weekday/weekend characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations and meteorological elements in Busan. The $PM_{10}$ concentration is highest on Wednesday and Thursday, and lowest on Sunday. On the other hand, the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration is highest on Wednesday and lowest on Sunday. The location where concentrations of weekdays and weekend differ the most is Hwakjang-dong, the industrial area, and where they differ the least is Gijang-up and Joa-dong, the residential area. Fine particle concentration in the industrial area was consistent at dawn and in the morning, but varied in the afternoon and at night. The visibility of Sunday was 0.49 km higher than that of weekdays, and the solar radiation of Sunday was $0.11MJ/m^2$ higher than that of weekdays. These results indicate that the concentration of fine particles had influence on the change of visibility and solar radiation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2005

Elements of atmospheric environment, temperature, humidity and wind, at the compus of KNU(Kyungpook National University) were investigated by the observations. The observed data were compared with those of DWS (Daegu Weather Station). The simulations of wind field and dispersions of polluted gases were conducted by MUKLIMO under the various conditions. The results show that the atmospheric environment of KNU are suitable but the campus does not play role as a heat sink in the city. The simulations of wind field show the air flows and wind channels in the campus clearly. The exhausted gases by motor vehicles on the northside street of campus affect very much to the campus with $NW(300^{\circ})$ wind. The running cars in the campus are also pollute much on the campus with the various wind directions. The characteristics of environmental conditions, various meteorological fields, wind channels, and dispersion of exhausted gases at the campus of KNU were understood quantitatively in the study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2011

Weather forecasting is one of the key elements to improve health through the prevention and mitigation of health problems. Health forecasting is a potential resource creating enormous added value as it is effectively used for people. The purpose of this study is to estimate 'Willingness to Pay' for health forecasting. This survey was carried out to derive willingness to pay from 400 people who lived in Busan and Kyungnam Province and over 30 years of age during the period of July 1-31, 2009. The results showed that a 47.50% of people had intention to willingness to pay for health forecasting, and the pay was 7,184.21 won per year. Willing to pay goes higher depending on 'tax burden as to benefit of weather forecasting', 'importance of the weather forecasting in the aspect of health', 'satisfaction to the weather forecasting', and 'frequency of health weather index check'. This study followed the suggestion of the Korea Meteorological Administration generally and the values derived through surveys could be reliable. It can be concluded that a number of citizens who are willing to pay for health forecasting are high enough to meet the costs needed to provide health forecasting.

• 대기
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2011

The nonlinear characteristics of summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in precipitation, which is manifested as fluctuations in convection and circulation, is one of the major difficulty on the prediction of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The present study aims to identify the spatial distribution and time evolution of nonlinear phases of monsoon ISO. In order to classify the different phases of monsoon ISO, Self-Organizing Map(SOM) known as a nonlinear pattern recognition technique is used. SOM has a great attractiveness detecting self-similarity among data elements by grouping and clustering such self-similar components. The four important patterns are demonstrated as Meiyu-Baiu, Changma, post-Changma, and dry-spell modes. It is found that SOM well captured the formation of East Asian monsoon trough during early summer and its northward migration together with enhanced convection over subtropical western Pacific and regionally intensive precipitation including Meiyu, Changma and Baiu. The classification of fundamental large scale spatial pattern and evolutionary history of nonlinear phases of monsoon ISO provides the source of predictability for extended-range forecast of summer precipitation.

• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2008

The hourly precipitation data from 1973 to 2007 observed at 60 weather stations over Korea are used to characterize the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles of total precipitation amount, intensity and frequency and examine their spatial patterns and interannual variations. The results show that the diurnal cycle peaks in the morning (03-09LST) and the semidiurnal cycle peaks in the late afternoon (16-20LST). It is found that the spatial variations of the peak phase of diurnal or semidiurnal cycle relative to their corresponding seasonal mean cycle are considerably small (large) for total precipitation amount and intensity (frequency, respectively) in both winter and summer seasons. Also, the diurnal phase variations for individual years relative to the seasonal mean precipitation show the significant interannual variability with dominant periods of 2-5 years for all three elements of precipitation and the slightly decreasing trend in total precipitation amount and intensity. To compare the relative contributions of frequency and intensity to the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles (and their sum) of total precipitation amount, the percentage variance of each cycle of precipitation amount explained by frequency is estimated. The fractional variance accounted for by precipitation intensity is greater than that of frequency for these three cycles. All above analyses suggest that intensity plays a more important role than frequency in the diurnal variations of total precipitation amount.