• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2008

Airborne pollen is known as one of the major causal agents to respiratory allergic reactions. Daily number of pollen grains was monitored using Burkard volumetric spore traps at seven locations including Seoul and Jeju during 1997-2007. Pollen grains were observed throughout the year especially from February to November. They showed similar distribution patterns of species among locations except in Jeju, where Japanese cedar vegetation is uniquely found. Peak seasons for pollen grains from trees and weeds were March to May and August to October, respectively. Tree pollens were mainly composed of pine, oak, alder, and birch. Weed pollens were mainly from Japanese hop, Worm wood, and ragweed. Diameter of pollen grains, which has a typical range of $20{\sim}60{\mu}m$, has close relationship with allergenicity. Allergenicity of tree and weed pollens is higher than that of grass pollens in general. In the case of trees and shrubs, pine trees account for about 70% of all tree pollens. However, pine pollens are weak allergens. The remaining 30% of tree pollens, including alder trees, white birches, and oaks, are moderate to strong allergens despite the smaller numbers. Grass and weeds are also highly likely to cause allergies. Especially, the pollens of Wormwood and Japanese hop are highly likely to cause allergies. Daily fluctuations in the number of pollens have to do with a variety of meteorological factors, such as temperature and rainfall.

• 대기
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.381-394
• /
• 2022

The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) National Typhoon Center has been officially releasing reanalyzed best tracks for the previous year's northwest Pacific typhoons since 2015. However, while most typhoon researchers are aware of the data released by other institutions, such as the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo, they are often unfamiliar with the KMA products. In this technical note, we describe the best track data released by KMA, and the algorithms that are used to generate it. We hope that this will increase the usefulness of the data to typhoon researchers, and help raise awareness of the product. The best track reanalysis process is initiated when the necessary database of observations-which includes satellite, synoptic, ocean, and radar observations-has become complete for the required year. Three categories of best track information-position (track), intensity (maximum sustained winds and central pressure), and size (radii of high-wind areas)-are estimated based on scientific processes. These estimates are then examined by typhoon forecasters and other internal and external experts, and issued as an official product when final approval has been given.

• 대기
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2015

Pollen is closely related to health issues such as allergenic rhinitis and asthma as well as intensifying atopic syndrome. Information on current and future spatio-temporal distribution of allergenic pollen is needed to address such issues. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) was utilized as a base modeling system to forecast pollen dispersal from oak trees. Pollen emission is one of the most important parts in the dispersal modeling system. Areal emission factor was determined from gridded areal fraction of oak trees, which was produced by the analysis of the tree type maps (1:5000) obtained from the Korea Forest Service. Daily total pollen production was estimated by a robust multiple regression model of weather conditions and pollen concentration. Hourly emission factor was determined from wind speed and friction velocity. Hourly pollen emission was then calculated by multiplying areal emission factor, daily total pollen production, and hourly emission factor. Forecast data from the KMA UM LDAPS (Korea Meteorological Administration Unified Model Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) was utilized as input. For the verification of the model, daily observed pollen concentration from 12 sites in Korea during the pollen season of 2014. Although the model showed a tendency of over-estimation in terms of the seasonal and daily mean concentrations, overall concentration was similar to the observation. Comparison at the hourly output showed distinctive delay of the peak hours by the model at the 'Pocheon' site. It was speculated that the constant release of hourly number of pollen in the modeling framework caused the delay.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 기존에 구축되어있는 위성영상처리 시스템의 구축현황을 살펴보고, 향후 국내 기상위성 영상처리 시스템 구축에서 고려해야할 사항에 대해 살펴본다. 기존의 위성영상처리 시스템은 운영 중인 개별 위성에 대한 영상의 수집, 처리, 배포 기능을 구현한 시스템이 대부분이었다. 그러나 향후 지구환경 감시를 위한 다양한 위성들의 개발에 따른 새로운 시스템의 통합, 기존 시스템에 대한 유지보수에 대한 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 미국의 NOAA, NWS, 유럽의 ESA등에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 기존의 시스템에 대한 개선 사업을 진행 중에 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현재 국내외에서 개발되는 위성영상처리시스템의 구축 현황을 살펴보고, 개발 이슈 및 개발 전략에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2006

기상, 해양 및, Ka-대역 통신 탑재체를 탑재하고 정지궤도에서 기상 및 해양 감시 임무 및 통신 서비스를 수행하는 통신해양기상위성은 기상 및 해양 탑재체에서 관측된 원시 데이터의 지상국 전송 및 지상국에서 처리된 기상 데이터의 최종 사용자국에게 중계 전송을 기상해양데이터통신 서브시스템이 있다. 기상해양데이터통신 서브시스템은 기상 및 해양 탑재체에서 수집된 원시 데이터를 받아 CCSDS 권고안에 준하여 포맷하고 증폭기를 거쳐 지상국에 전송하는 SD 채널과 지상국에서 처리된 기상 데이터를 CGMS 권고안에 따라 LRIT/HRIT 포맷팅된 신호를 최종 사용자국에 중계하는 기능을 제공하는 MPDR 채널로 구성된다. 본 논문은 관측 데이터 전송 및 중계를 위해 구성된 기상 해양데이터통신 서브시스템을 구성하고 서브시스템 예비 성능 해석을 통해 주요 요구 성능 파라미터의 만족 여부를 확인하는데 있다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2012

고해상도 기상자료 제공과 농림 분야에서의 요구를 충족시키기 위하여 LAPS를 이용하여 경기도 지역을 100m 해상도로 분석하였다. 구축된 시스템은 수치예보과에서 생산되는 6시간 간격 예측자료를 초기추정치로 사용하고, 각 관측자료를 동화하여 지표 온도와 습도 바람을 분석한다. 기존 분석시스템의 기상관측자료의 수집 방식을 개선하여 자료 수집에 소요되는 시간을 성공적으로 단축시킴으로써 약 20분 내에 기온, 상대습도, 풍향, 풍속에 대한 고해상도 분석결과 제공이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 앞으로 LAPS 분석결과를 이용하여 관측이 가능한 지역 이외에 어느 지역에서든 정확한 농업기상정보를 산출할 수 있게 하려면 다양한 기상자료의 활용과 지표이용도의 개선, 관측지점의 영향반경을 최적화 시키는 과정들이 추가로 연구되어야 할 것이다. 현재 구축된 시스템의 분석결과 정확도는 떨어지지만 LAPS의 내부 알고리즘에 대한 미세한 조정으로 향상이 가능하므로 농업기상요소 생성을 위한 최적화 작업들을 수행한다면 정확도 향상을 꾀할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 다양한 기상요소에 대한 분석이 가능하기 때문에 특별한 기상요소들을 필요로 하는 농림 분야의 요구를 충족 시킬 수 있도록 분석요소의 확장이 가능 할 것이다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1435-1448
• /
• 2021

Recent years, due to the direct or indirect damages caused by meteorological disasters more and more attention have been paid to natural disasters. At same time, diversified and multi-sensory interactive meteorological services is increasingly demanded. In this study, novel interactive meteorological service was compared with the traditional communication methods. Combining with case studies and systems creation, a virtual reality weather simulation framework was proposed, and a realistic virtual game environment providing real-time and historical weather information was created. The primary goal of this study is to build a weather display cabinet game system by using virtual reality technology, and promoting public's understanding of the principles of weather changes. With the interactive games in realistic scenarios, public's awareness for disasters prevention could be promoted. It is helping to change public's traditional understanding of meteorological theories, and will provide a more convenient way for the public to explore more effective weather forecasts. The simulation system is supported by VR technology. It was combined with Leap Motion interactive equipment to make popularization games for weather science. T-test data analysis showed that the application of VR technology in weather games has strong operability and interactivity.

• 대기
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.319-333
• /
• 2020

Aircraft observations constitute one of the major sources of temperature observations which provide three-dimensional information. But it is well known that the aircraft temperature data have warm bias against sonde observation data, and therefore, the correction of aircraft temperature bias is important to improve the model performance. In this study, the algorithm of the bias correction modified from operational KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) global model is adopted in the preprocessing of aircraft observations, and the effect of the bias correction of aircraft temperature is investigated by conducting the two experiments. The assimilation with the bias correction showed better consistency in the analysis-forecast cycle in terms of the differences between observations (radiosonde and GPSRO (Global Positioning System Radio Occultation)) and 6h forecast. This resulted in an improved forecasting skill level of the mid-level temperature and geopotential height in terms of the root-mean-square error. It was noted that the benefits of the correction of aircraft temperature bias was the upper-level temperature in the midlatitudes, and this affected various parameters (winds, geopotential height) via the model dynamics.

• 대기
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2006

The Yeong-dong heavy snowfall forecast supporting system has been developed during the last several years. In order to construct the conceptual model, we have examined the characteristics of heavy snowfalls in the Yeong-dong region classified into three precipitation patterns. This system is divided into two parts: forecast and observation. The main purpose of the forecast part is to produce value-added data and to display the geography based features reprocessing the numerical model results associated with a heavy snowfall. The forecast part consists of four submenus: synoptic fields, regional fields, precipitation and snowfall, and verification. Each offers guidance tips and data related with the prediction of heavy snowfalls, which helps weather forecasters understand better their meteorological conditions. The observation portion shows data of wind profiler and snow monitoring for application to nowcasting. The heavy snowfall forecast supporting system was applied and tested to the heavy snowfall event on 28 February 2006. In the beginning stage, this event showed the characteristics of warm precipitation pattern in the wind and surface pressure fields. However, we expected later on the weak warm precipitation pattern because the center of low pressure passing through the Straits of Korea was becoming weak. It was appeared that Gangwon Short Range Prediction System simulated a small amount of precipitation in the Yeong-dong region and this result generally agrees with the observations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.724-736
• /
• 2019

Dynamic thermal rating technology can effectively improve the thermal load capacity of transmission lines. However, its availability is limited by the quantity and high cost of the hardware facilities. This paper proposes a new dynamic thermal rating technology based on global/regional assimilation and prediction system (GRAPES) and geographic information system (GIS). The paper will also explore the method of obtaining any point meteorological data along the transmission line by using GRAPES and GIS, and provide the strategy of extracting and decoding meteorological data. In this paper, the accuracy of numerical weather prediction was verified from the perspective of time and space. Also, the 750-kV transmission line in Shaanxi Province is considered as an example to analyze. The results of the study indicate that dynamic thermal rating based on GRAPES and GIS can fully excavate the line power potential without additional cost on hardware, which saves a lot of investment.