• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.561-570
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• 2023

In order to improve the predictability of marine high-impacts weather such as typhoon and high waves, the marine observation network is an essential because it could be rapidly changed by strong air-sea interaction. In this regard, the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS/KMA) has promoted the Argo float observation program since 2001 to participate in the International Argo program. In this study, current status and future direction of the NIMS/KMA Argo program are presented through the internal meeting and external expert forum. To date, a total of 264 Argo floats have been deployed into the offshore around the Korean Peninsula and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The real-time and delayed modes quality control (QC) system of Argo data was developed, and an official regional data assembling center (call-sign 'KM') was run. In 2002, the Argo homepage was established for the systematic management and dissemination of Argo data for domestic and international users. The future goal of the NIMS/KMA Argo program is to improve response to the marine high-impacts weather through a marine environment monitoring and observing system. The promotion strategy for this is divided into four areas: strengthening policy communication, developing observation strategies, promoting utilization research, and activating international cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.239-252
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• 2022

Quality control methods for the first G-band vapor radiometer (GVR) mounted on a weather aircraft in Korea were developed using the GVR Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV). The aircraft attitude information (degree of pitch and roll) was applied to quality control to select the shortest vertical path of the GVR beam. In addition, quality control was applied to remove a GVR PWV ≥20 mm. It was found that the difference between the warm load average power and sky load average power converged to near 0 when the GVR PWV increased to 20 mm or higher. This could be due to the high brightness temperature of the substratus and mesoclouds, which was confirmed by the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) data (cloud type, cloud top height, and cloud amount), cloud combination probe (CCP), and precipitation imaging probe (PIP). The GVR PWV before and after the application of quality control on a cloudy day was quantitatively compared with that of a local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS). The Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) decreased from 2.9 to 1.8 mm and the RMSD with Korea Local Analysis and Precipitation System (KLAPS) decreased from 5.4 to 4.3 mm, showing improved accuracy. In addition, the quality control effectiveness of GVR PWV suggested in this study was verified through comparison with the COMS PWV by using the GVR PWV applied with quality control and the dropsonde PWV.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.391-402
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• 2014

This study investigated the performances of precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieval from the sets of ground global positioning system (GPS) signals, each of which had different length of observing-session duration, for the purpose of obtaining as short session duration as possible that is required at the least for appropriate retrieval of the PWV for meteorological usage. The shorter duration is highly desirable to make the most use of the GPS instrument on board the mobile observation vehicle making measurements place by place. First, using Bernese 5.0 software the PWV retrieval was conducted with the data sets of GPS signals archived continuously in 30 seconds interval during 2-month period of January and February, 2012 at Bukgangneung site. Each of the PWVs produced independently using different session durations was compared to that of radio-sonde launched at the same GPS location, a Bukgangneung site. Second, the same procedure was done using the data sets obtained from the mobile observation vehicle that was operating at Boseong area in Jeonnam province during Changma observation campaign in 2013, and the results were compared to that at Bukgangneung site. The results showed that as the observing-session duration increased the retrieval errors decreased with the dramatic change happening between 3 and 4 hours of the duration. On average, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the retrieved PWV was around 1 mm for the durations of greater than 4 hours. The results at both the Bukgangneung (fixed site) and Boseong (mobile vehicle) seemed to be fairly comparable with each other. From this study it is believed that at least 4 hours of observing-session duration is needed for the retrieval of PWV from the ground GPS for meteorological usage using Bernese 5.0 software.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Passive microwave sea surface temperatures (SST) were validated in the Northwest Pacific using a total of 102,294 collocated matchup data between Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) / GPM Microwave Sensor(GMI) data and oceanic in-situ temperature measurements from March 2014 to December 2016. A root-mean-square (RMS) error and a bias error of the GMI SST measurements were evaluated to $0.93^{\circ}C$ and $0.05^{\circ}C$, respectively. The SST differences between GMI and in-situ measurements were caused by various factors such as wind speed, columnar atmospheric water vapor, land contamination near coastline or islands. The GMI SSTs were found to be higher than the in-situ temperature measurements at low wind speed (<6 m/s) during the daytime. As the wind speed increased at night, SST errors showed positive bias. In addition, other factors, coming from atmospheric water vapor, sensitivity degradation at a low temperature range, and land contamination, also contributed to the errors. One of remarkable characteristics of the errors was their latitudinal dependence with large errors at high latitudes above $30^{\circ}N$. Seasonal characteristics revealed that the errors were most frequently observed in winter with a significant positive deviation. This implies that SST errors tend to be large under conditions of high wind speeds and low SSTs. Understanding of microwave SST errors in this study is anticipated to compensate less temporal capability of Infrared SSTs and to contribute to increase a satellite observation rate with time, especially in SST composite process.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

Heat wave is a disaster, which increases morbidity and mortality in temperate regions. Climate model results indicate that both intensity and frequency of heat wave in the future will be increased. This study shows the result about relationship between excess mortality and offensive airmass in 7 metropolitan cities, and an operational Heat-Health Warning System (HHWS) in Korea. Using meteorological observations, the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) has been used to classify each summer day from 1982 to 2007 into specific airmass categories for each city. Through the comparative study analysis of the daily airmass type and the corresponding daily mortality rate, Dry Tropical (DT), and Moist Tropical plus (MT+) were identified as the most offensive airmasses with the highest rates of mortality. Therefore, using the multiple linear regression, forecast algorithm was produced to predict the number of the excess deaths that will occur with each occurrence of the DT and MT+ days. Moreover, each excess death forecast algorithm was implemented for the system warning criteria based on the regional acclimatization differences. HHWS will give warnings to the city's residents under offensive weather situations which can lead to deterioration in public health, under the climate change.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2007

In order to reduce the amount of damage from natural disasters, we needs prevention meteorological database classified into the cause of disaster, damage elements etc. For this, we have analyzed four data, such as Statistical yearbook of calamities issued by the National Emergency Management Agency and Annual Climatological Report issued by the Korea Meteorological Administration and Recently 10 years for natural disaster damage and Statistics Yearbook from the Ministry of Government Administration and Human affairs. Through the analysis of disaster data, we have selected input variables, such as causes and elements, occurrence frequencies, vulnerable areas of natural disaster, etc. In order to reduce damage from natural disaster, the prevention activities and forecasting based on meteorological parameters and damage datas are required. In addition, it is necessary to process meteorological information for disaster prevention activities. Through these procedure, we have established the foundation of database about natural disasters. This database will be used to assess the natural disasters and build risk model and natural disasters mitigation plan.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

The concentration of airborne pollen is related to meteorological parameters. The main purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between airborne pollen and meteorological parameters in Ulsan based on sampling from 2010 to 2011. The primary factors of interest were differences in the pollen scattering start date, end date, and peak date, and the fluctuations in pollen concentration. The meteorological parameters that affected the start and peak dates of the pollen season were as follows. For Pinus and Alnus, the dates were correlated with sunshine and an increase in temperature, whereas for Quercus, the dates were correlated with increasing temperature. During the pollen season, Alnus peaked when the temperature was highest and Pinus peaked when the relative humidity was lowest. The concentration of airborne pollen was correlated with meteorological parameters during the sampling period as follows: Pinus, Alnus, and Humulus pollen concentrations were positively correlated with increasing temperature and negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity; Humulus pollen concentration was positively correlated with sunshine; and Quercus and Humulus pollen concentrations were positively correlated with wind speed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2004

Communication Ocean Meteorological Satellite (COMS) for the hybrid mission of meteorological observation, ocean monitoring, and telecommunication service is planned to be launched onto Geostationary Earth Orbit in 2008 according to the Korea national space program. A feasibility study on the solar constraint in the operation of the COMS meteorological imager (MI) is performed using the GOES imager hardware operation characteristics. The Earth observation areas of the MI are introduced and the observation time of the MI observation area is calculated. The sun light can enter into the MI optical system around the local midnight and impinge on the performance of the MI. The solar eclipse viewed from the satellite occurs near local midnight around the equinox. This study discusses the restriction of imaging operation time that should be considered in order to avoid the solar intrusion about local midnight and to keep acceptable image quality for the MI observation areas. This study could be useful to build the operation concept of the MI during the development of the MI.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.332-335
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• 2006

Red tide(harmful algae) in the Korean Coastal Waters has a given a great damage to the fishery every year. However, the aim of our study understands the influence of meteorological factors (air and water temperature, precipitation, sunshine, solar radiation, winds) relating to the mechanism of red tide occurrence and monitors red tide by satellite remote sensing, and analyzes the potential area for red tide occurrence by GIS. The meteorological factors have directly influenced on red tide formation. Thus, We want to predict and apply to red tide formation from statistical analyses on the relationships between red tide formation and meteorological factors. In future, it should be realized the near real time monitoring for red tide by the development of remote sensing technique and the construction of integrated model by the red tide information management system (the data base of red tide - meteorological informations). Finally our purpose is support to the prediction information for the possible red tide occurrence by coastal meteorological information and contribute to reduce the red tide disaster by the prediction technique for red tide.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2002

The vertical exchange of trace gases and aerosols in upper regions of the atmosphere is primarily controlled by the atmospheric conditions. The study of the vertical and temporal variation of the upward transport of $H_2O$ and the downward transport of $O_3$, NO$_2$, CO and other long-lived trace species will enable a better understanding of these transport mechanisms. (omitted)