• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.292-295
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• 2019

A 2-year-old, 440 kg, thoroughbred gelding showed a lameness grade of 3 out of 5, as well as swelling and heating on the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ). Periarticular new bones due to the arthritis were observed on performing radiography and ultrasonography. PIPJ arthrodesis was performed under general anesthesia. With the PIPJ open, the articular cartilage was removed by using curette, chisel, and mallet. Arthrodesis was performed with a PIP plate and two additional transarticular cortex screws inserted in lag fashion. A cast was placed over the limb distal from the proximal metatarsal bone. At 6 months after surgery, complete union of the PIPJ was confirmed by radiography, and the incision site was well closed. Based on the outcome, a PIP plate with two additional transarticular cortex screws inserted in lag fashion is recommended as a method for treating osteoarthritis of the PIPJ in horses.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.181-183
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• 2018

Hallux valgus is a deformity that causes pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Surgical methods are quite diverse and a range of osteotomies are used at the proximal and distal part of the metatarsal bone and proximal phalange. Fixation methods, such as plate, screw, K-wire, and others have been used in various ways. The fixation device is often removed with various side effects due to the fixation devices. In the case of instruments that are absorbed in vivo, these procedures are not necessary to remove and there is an advantage of not performing the second operation. Three patients were treated, in which a proximal chevron osteotomy was used with a bioabsorbable screw (K-$MET^{TM}$; U&I Corporation).

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 1999

The skin on the dorsum of the foot is a source of the reliable thin and sensory cutaneous free tissue transplantation with or without tendon, bone and joint. A composite flap with attached vascularized tendon grafts for the combined loss of skin and tendon on the dorsum of the hand and foot offers an immediate one stage solution to this problem. The flap provides a very durable innervated tissue cover for the heel of the foot and the dorsum of the hand and an osteocutaneous transfer combined with the second metatarsal. The major dorsalis pedis artery is constant in size, but the first dorsal metatarsal artery is variable in size and location. The dorsal surface of the foot receives sensory innervation through the superficial peroneal nerve and the first web through the deep peroneal nerve. Authors had performed 5 dorsalis pedis free flap transplantation in the foot and hand at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital from August 1993 through August 1997 and followed up for the period of between 19 and 67 months until March 1999. The results were as follows 1. 5 cases dorsalis pedis free flap transfer to the foot(4 cases) and the hand(1 case) were performed and the recipient was foot dorsum and heel 2 cases each and hand dorsum 1 case. 2 All of 5 cases(100%) were survived from free flap transfer and recipient artery was dorsalis pedis artery(2 cases), anterior tibial artery(1 case), posterior tibial artery(1 case) and ulnar artery(1 case) and recipient veins were 2 in number except in the hand. 3. Long term follow up of the exterior and maceration was good and sensory recovery was poor 4. Donor site was covered with full thickness skin graft obtained from one or both inguinal areas at postoperative 3rd week and skin graft was taken good and no morbidity was showed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5299-5304
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• 2012

MRI signals are significantly reduced by the magnetic field inhomogenity result from human body itself being consisted of various materials like air, fat, muscle, bone and blood vessels. In this study we used silicon which is tissue equivalent to compensate wound body shapes. Objects were eight adults who do not have any special symptoms. Feet were scanned because of their complicated structures and consequently signal reduction occurs a lot. Thirty images were acquired from the middle of arcus pedis longitudinalis including five distal phalanges parallel to the line connecting metatarsal bone and phalanges. SNR data from bones and soft tissues were compared before and after sticking silion between toes and paired t test was performed. It was came out that SNR data from bone and soft tissue were both significantly higher after applying silicon on both T1 and T2 weighted images and it was statistically meaningful having positive corelation. As a result, this study dramatically increases SNR without affecting object by increasing the object volume inside the surface coil.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

Purpose: We made a radiological comparison between $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy with short armed two parts and $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy with long armed one part performing operation in cases of hallux valgus angle of less than $40^{\circ}$, intermetatarsal angle of less than $15^{\circ}$. Materials and Methods: 12 cases with $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy and 12 cases with $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy were selected from October 2000 to March 2005. We have analysed the hallux valgus angle, 1-2 intermetatarsal angle, metatarsal length, distal metartarsal articular angle and angulation at osteotomy site on lateral view in each radiological films taken at preoperative, postoperative and 3 months after operation presuming bone union. All cases were women, both sides were 9 cases and average age was 52.3 years old. Results: Data taken at preoperative, postoperative and 3 months follow up films in $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy were as follows; the hallux valgus angles were $32.1^{\circ}$, $10.9^{\circ}$, $13.8^{\circ}$, the 1-2 intermetatarsal angles were $13.6^{\circ}$, $8.5^{\circ}$, $8.4^{\circ}$, the metatarsal length were 60.6 mm, 58.8 mm, 58 mm, the distal metartarsal articular angles were $13^{\circ}$, $6^{\circ}$, $6.6^{\circ}$ and 3 cases were over $3^{\circ}$ angulation at lateral view. In $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy, the hallux valgus angles were $34.5^{\circ}$, $11.6^{\circ}$, $15.3^{\circ}$, the 1-2 intermetatarsal angles were $12.7^{\circ}$, $8.2^{\circ}$, $7.8^{\circ}$, the metatarsal length were 59.2 mm, 56.9 mm, 55.9 mm, the distal metartarsal articular angles were $12^{\circ}$, $7.3^{\circ}$, $7.3^{\circ}$ and there were no case with angulation over $3^{\circ}$ at lateral view. Conclusion: In comparison between $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy and $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy measuring at postoperative and follow up, most of all data were similar, but 3 cases over $3^{\circ}$ angulation at lateral view happened in $60^{\circ}$ Chevron osteotomy. This result showed that $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy fixing with screws through long armed one part may have benefit than $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy fixing with K-wires through short armed two parts in making rigid fixation, even though there is a personal difference of technigue.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 1993

A study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of Ca, P and ash in metatarsal bone of broiler chicks exposed to UV light in different Interval. Day-old Hubbard broiler chicks (199＝10 control＋3 irradiation interval $\times$ 9 elapsed time $\times$ 7 replicate) were fed vitamin D3 deficient diet for 3 wk in a windowless subdued-light room and exposed to 297 nm UVB light by 0.068 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ three times In 0, 12 or 24 h interval. The metatarsal bones were taken at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, 144 or 240 h after last irradiation, separated from adhering tissue, ether extracted, dried and ashed. The Ca concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and P by ammonium metavanadate colorimetry. When the birds were continuously exposed to UVB light for 30 min without interval, the Ca content in metatarsus increased gradually according to the time after irradiation and reached the highest value 16.75% at 240 h after exposure. The P content also increased gradually until 144 h, where it was 9.75%. The ash content in metatarsus increased continuously until 240 h, the final time in this research, where 42.75% was shown. As 10 min three times irradiation in 12 h interval was applied to the chicks, the metatarsal Ca presented a small peak(13.31%) at 12 h after irradiation and a large peak(16.91%) at 144 h. P content showed a small peak(7.18%) at 12 h and a large level(8.34%) at 240 h. Ash content increased continuously until 240 h, where it was 46.53%. The small peaks in Ca and P concentration were thought to be derived from preirradiation at 12 and 24 h before final irradiation for 10 min. When 24 h interval system was treated, the peak value of Ca content(24.18%) occurred earlier(96 h) than those in 0 and 12 h interval systems. P content also showed the maximum value at 96 h(7.29%). Ash content presented an increasing trend until 240 h, where 45.75% was appeared. In respecting the method of UVB irradiation, the peak value of Ca content in metatarsus appeared earlier in 24 h interval system than in other systems. Meanwhile the ash contents in metatarsus of birds exposed to UVB light in 12 and 24 h interval procedures were higher than those in 0 h interval one. Therefore, it was concluded that a daily 10 min irradiation of UVB light would be desirable for increasing the Ca and ash content in metatarsus of brolier chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.824-829
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• 2000

A five wk feeding experiment was conducted with day-old one thousand broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) to determine the effects of microbial phytase (Natuphos$^{(R)}$) supplemented to low nonphytate P (NPP) corn-soy diets. Five pens of 50 mixed sex birds each were randomly assigned to each of the four dietary treatments: T1, control diet containing normal NPP level; T2, T1-0.1% NPP+600 U of phytase/kg diet; T3, T1 - 0.2% NPP+600 U of phytase/kg diet; and T4, T1 - 0.3% NPP+600 U of phytase/kg diet. T1, T2, and T3 showed similar growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency, indicating that NPP level in broiler diets could be reduced by approximately 0.2% by the microbial phytase supplementation. But T4 showed significantly (p<0.05) lower weight gain than others. The phytase supplementation improved P availability resulting in low P excretion. Weight and girth of metatarsal bone were increased by phytase supplementation at low NPP diet treatments but ash contents were not significantly different. It can be concluded that NPP level of corn-soy broiler diets can be safely lowered by approximately 0.2 % by supplementing 600 U of microbial phytase/kg diet. With the adjusted level of NPP and phytase supplementation, P excretion could be reduced by 50%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2011

Supernumerary ectopic limb(s) (SEL) is a congenital anomaly defined as the presence of accessory limb(s) attached to various body regions. This paper describes a case of SEL with ectopic lung and ectopia cordis in a newborn calf, based on macroscopic, microscopic and radiographic findings. External features of multiple congenital anomalies included an ectopic lung growing over the middle of the backbone and covered with normal haired skin. Ectopia cordis was found in the abdominal cavity and attached to the liver. Two extra abnormal limbs originated separately from within the ectopic lung. Most of the abdominal organs were exposed to the outside through the opened abdominal cavity. Microscopically the ectopic lung tissue had edema in the connective tissue around the bronchus and artery. Changes in other organs included congestion of the renal medulla, infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) around the hepatic portal tract, and edema surrounding blood vessels and neurons in the brain. The rudimentary humerus of the forelimb was attached to the thoracic spine, as viewed radiographically. The hindlimb was consisted of an irregularly shaped femur, short tibia and fibula, two tarsal bones, one metatarsal bone, and three phalanges. This is the first description of congenital anomalies involving the SEL, ectopic lung and ectopia cordis in a calf.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.219-223
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• 2011

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive multiple malformation syndrome characterized by hydrometrocolpos (HMC) and postaxial polydactyly (PAP). We report a case of a female child with MKS who was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital on her 15th day of life for further evaluation and management of an abdominal cystic mass. She underwent abdominal sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, genitography and cystoscopy which confirmed HMC with a transverse vaginal septum. X-rays of the hand and foot showed bony fusion of the left third and fourth metacarpal bones, right fourth dysplastic metacarpal bone and phalanx, right PAP and hypoplastic left foot with left fourth and fifth dysplastic metatarsal bones. In addition, she had soft palate cleft, mild hydronephroses of both kidneys, hypoplastic right kidney with ectopic location and mild rotation, uterine didelphys with transverse vaginal septum and low-type imperforated anus. She was temporarily treated with ultrasound-guided transurethral aspiration of the HMC. Our patient with HMC and PAP was diagnosed with MKS because she has two typical abnormality of MKS and she has no definite complications of retinal disease, learning disability, obesity and renal failure that develop in Bardet-Biedl syndrome, but not in MKS until 33 months of age. Here, we describe a case of a Korean patient with MKS.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2013

Fouett$\acute{e}$ turns are repeated pirouettes which begin as a normal pirouette en dehors but include a movement that allows the rotational momentum lost to friction to be regained once each revolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate on orientation density of head/trunk to the front with and without music to which dancers perform the Fouette turn in time. 10 female dancers($21.0{\pm}1.4$ years old, height; $165.3{\pm}3.9$ cm, weight: $50.5{\pm}5.7$ kg) who are the students of S University participated in this study. It took shorter time to perform one revolution of fouette turn with music (930 ms) than without music (961 ms), which reason may be the shorter time of phase 2 in which the rotational momentum is not produced but lost to fiction. Orientation density of trunk to the front was smaller with music (.176) than without music (.196), while the one of head had not significant difference between with and without music. And the path length of marker on $2^{nd}$ left metatarsal bone during one revolution was smaller with music (35.7 cm) than without music (40.2 cm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.267).