• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.968-974
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• 2011

Saussurea lappa Clarke is a well-known transitional medicine in Asia including Korea, China and Japan. It has been reported that Clarke has diverse effects such as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer in human gastric cells and human prostate cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer effects and the mechanism of actions of Saussurea lappa Clarke are still unknown in breast cancer. In this study, we observed that Saussurea lappa Clarke inhibits the cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in highly-metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In order to examine whether Saussurea lappa Clarke suppresses cell growth inducing apoptosis cell death or cell cycle arrest, we analyzed DNA contents and cell cycle distribution using a flow cytometer and western blotting in MDA-MB-231 cells. We suggest that Saussurea lappa Clarke dose not induced apoptosis and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Moreover, Saussurea lappa Clarke also decreased the expression level of metastasis-angiogenesis releated protein such as VEGF. However, dose not changed the expression level of metastasis related protease MMP-1 in highly-metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Therefore, Saussurea lappa Clarke might be good and useful chemotherapy agent highly-metastatic breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4393-4399
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• 2015

Background: To explore the independent prognostic factors for the recurrence/metastasis of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Materials and Methods: A total of 604 patients initially diagnosed as LANPC by pathohistology in Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital were selected to analyze the relationship between the clinical pathological patterns, therapeutic protocols and clinical stages with the recurrence/metastasis of LANPC. Results: The 1-, 3- and 5-year locoregionally recurrent rates of LANPC patients were 2.0%, 9.5% and 12.9% respectively, with average recurrent period being 78 months. Univariate analysis results indicated that clinical stages had certain influence on the recurrent period of LANPC patients. However, COX regression models showed that ages, genders and clinical stages were not the independent prognostic factors influencing the recurrence. The 1-, 3- and 5-year metastatic rates of LANPC patients were 6.6%, 17.5% and 18.8% respectively, with average metastatic period of 73 months. Univariate analysis results demonstrated that ages, N stages, clinical stages, locations of lymph node, retropharyngeal lymph node and extracapsular invasion of lymph node had certain influence on the metastatic period of LANPC patients. Additionally, further COX regression analysis results suggested that T stages, reduction protocols and extracapsular invasion of lymph node were the independent prognostic factors influencing the metastasis of patients with LANPC, in which T stages and extracapsular invasion of lymph node were the pestilent factors while reduction protocols the protective factor. Conclusions: Induction chemotherapy is beneficial to LANPC patients with initial treatment, and the metastatic rate decreases greatly after the application of reduction chemotherapy.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed to report a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan in conjunction with gemcitabine. There were better survival-related outcomes compared to gemcitabine alone. Methods: The patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer received gemcitabine as palliative chemotherapy since June 2016 concurrent with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan since October 2016 to October 2017. To evaluate the effect of treatment, tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and overall survival were checked. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results: After 12 months with the combination treatment, levels of CA19-9 were decreased from 8747 to 265.7 ng/ml and CEA from 42.2 to 6.5 U/ml. Clinical partial response state was shown until May 2, 2017 and stable disease state was maintained from August 4, 2017. In March 2018, the patient got an operation including pancreatectomy and diagnosed with no evidence of disease state in September, 2018. In conclusion, it showed the overall survival of 29 months from June, 2016 to November, 2018. Serious adverse events were not identified. Conclusions: This study suggested that combined treatment with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan may show better outcome in patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer than gemcitabine alone.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2017

대장암의 치료에 여러 약물이 사용되지만, 5-FU는 오랫동안 대장암의 항암치료의 근간이 되고 있다. Capecitabine은 경구 복용하는 5-FU의 전구체로서, 최근 전이성 대장암의 치료에 사용이 증가되고 있는 약물이다. 저자들은 전이성 대장암 환자에서 고식적인 항암화학요법으로 1차 치료로서 FOLFOX에 좋은 반응을 보였으나, 부작용으로 중단 후 2차 치료로서 Capecitabine 단독요법만을 시행하였음에도 지속적으로 좋은 반응을 보이며 추적관찰하고 있는 사례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2703-2706
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to determine the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed based chemotherapy in treating patients with metastatic gastric cancer who failed to respond to first and (or) second line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Metastatic gastric cancer patients who failed first and (or) second line chemotherapy, were enrolled. All patients were recruited from Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, and were treated with pemetrexed $500mg/m2$ (intravenous; on day 1), and a platinum (or irinotecan) every 3 weeks until disease progression, or intolerable toxicity. Evaluation on efficacy was conducted after two cycles of chemotherapy using the Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors. Toxicity was recorded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Results: From Jun 2011 to May 2013, 23 patients were enrolled. All eligible 23 patients completed at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy with pemetrexed based chemotherapy, and were evaluable. Their median age was 55 years (range 40 to 78 years). Seventeen patients were male and 6 female. Three patients (13%) achieved partial response, five patients (22%) stable, 15 patients (65%) with disease progression, and none with complete response. Grade 2 neutrophil suppression occurred in 4.3%, grade 3 in 13% of patients, and no grade 4 was reported. Thrombocytopenia was encountered as follows: 4.3% grade 2, 4.3% grade 3 and 4.3% grade 4. Incidence of anemia was 34.8% in grade 2, 8.7% grade 3 and 0% grade 4. Only 4.3% of patients required packed red blood cell infusion. Elevated transaminase were 4.3% in grade 2 and 0% in grade 3 or 4. Other toxicity included oral mucositis. Conclusions: Pemetrexed based chemotherapy is mildly effective in treating patients with metastatic gastric cancer with tolerable toxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1470-1474
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the anti-metastatic effect of ethanol extract of Samguikoeui-Tang (SGKE), a formula consisting of four oriental herbs, in highly-metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. SGKE significantly inhibited the adhesion of HT1080 cells to matrigel at nontoxic concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, while it did not exert cytotoxicity against HT1080 cells up to the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/ml. Also, SGKE depressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. However, SGKE did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, an inhibitor of MMP-2, by RT-PCR analysis. In addition, the effect of SGKE on HT1080 cell invasion was determined using Boyden chamber assay. SGKE suppressed the invasion of HT1080 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that SGKE has an anti-metastatic effect via inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 activities.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1650-1657
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• 2021

Metastatic mature teratoma is a common radiologic and histopathologic finding after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. The leading theory for these residual tumors is the selective chemotherapy resistance of teratomas versus the high chemotherapy sensitivity of the embryonal components. Growing teratoma syndrome is a relatively rare phenomenon defined as an enlarging residual mass histologically proven to be a mature teratoma in the setting of normal serum tumor markers. Metastatic mature teratomas should be resected because of their malignant potential and occasional progression to growing teratoma syndrome with the invasion of the surrounding structures. CT is the preferred imaging modality for post-chemotherapy surveillance and should cover all sites of potential metastatic disease. This article reviews the clinical, pathologic, and multimodality imaging features of metastatic mature teratomas in patients with primary testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3161-3166
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• 2016

Background: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) status as poor prognosis improved with the introduction of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, especially sunitinib. There is sparse data reporting from our region on use of sunitinib in metastatic RCC. Thus the present study explores sunitinib usage at our institute. Materials and Methods: An unselected population of patients with metastatic RCC receiving sunitinib was analyzed with respect to patient characteristics, response, toxicity, and outcomes. Results: Fourty-nine patients with a median age of 50.5 years (range 21-71 years) were included. Most were male (61.2%). Twenty‑one (42.9%) had metastatic disease at presentation. Sunitinib was first line therapy in 45. Conventional clear cell carcinoma was the most common pathology present (39 patients; 79.59 %). The most common site of metastasis was the lung (75.5%). Most patients (30) were started at a dose of 50 mg once a day for 4 weeks and then 2 weeks rest. Clinical benefit rate was 73.5% (n= 36), and 22.5% (n= 11) demonstrated progressive disease at first imaging evaluation within the first 3-6 months. The following objective response performed for patients was 48.9% (n=24) and progression at 24.5 % (n=12). The median follow‑up was 16 months (range, 4-34 months), the overall estimated median PFS was 9 months and the estimated median OS was 15 months. Conclusions: This study demonstrated sunitinib is tolerable and effective in advanced/metastatic RCC Egyptian patients and indicates we should further seek second and third lines to increase survival equivalence as reported in the worldwide literature.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2024

Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathway in stimulating cancer metastasis induced by chronic stress. According to the theory of traditional Korean medicine, chronic stress can induce Qi stagnation. Based on the traditional role of premature citrus unshiu peel in moving Qi, we hypothesized that an ethanol extract of premature citrus unshiu peel (EPCU) can attenuate chronic stress-induced cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the potential role of EPCU on modulating the adrenergic agonists-induced metastatic properties of liver cancer cells. Our findings revealed that adrenergic agonists, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and isoproterenol (ISO), augmented the migratory capacity of Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which was completely abrogated by EPCU treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, EPCU inhibited the E-induced invasive property of Hep3B cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPCU efficiently attenuates adrenergic agonists-induced metastatic abilities of liver cancer cells. As a molecular mechanism, EPF suppressed the phosphorylation of major components of β-AR signaling pathway, including Src, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and ERK, induced by E treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that EPCU impedes the adrenergic agonists-driven metastatic potential of cancer cells by inhibiting β-AR signaling pathway. This study provides basic evidence supporting the probable use of premature citrus unshiu peel to prevent metastasis in liver cancer patients under chronic stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.581-590
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• 2016

Resistance to anoikis, a cell-detachment induced apoptosis, is one of the malignant phenotypes which support tumor metastasis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of this phenotype require further investigation. This study aimed at exploring protein expression profiles associated with anoikis resistance of a metastatic breast cancer cell. Cell survival of suspension cultures of non-metastatic MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were compared with their adherent cultures. Trypan blue exclusion assays demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of viable cells in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cell cultures, consistent with analysis of annexin V-7-AAD stained cells indicating that MDA-MB-231 possess anti-apoptotic ability 1.7 fold higher than MCF-7 cells. GeLC-MS/MS analysis of protein lysates of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells grown under both culture conditions identified 925 proteins which are differentially expressed, 54 of which were expressed only in suspended and adherent MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF-7 cells. These proteins have been implicated in various cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair, transcription, translation, protein modification, cytoskeleton, transport and cell signaling. Analysis based on the STITCH database predicted the interaction of phospholipases, PLC and PLD, and 14-3-3 beta/alpha, YWHAB, with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling network, suggesting putative roles in controlling anti-anoikis ability. MDA-MB-231 cells grown in the presence of inhibitors of phospholipase C, U73122, and phospholipase D, FIPI, demonstrated reduced ability to survive in suspension culture, indicating functional roles of PLC and PLD in the process of anti-anoikis. Our study identified intracellular mediators potentially associated with establishment of anoikis resistance of metastatic cells. These proteins require further clarification as prognostic and therapeutic targets for advanced breast cancer.