• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.468-473
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• 2010

A 6-year-old intact male Doberman pinscher presented with a thin soft stool and urinary signs. On radiography, three masses were observed in the caudal abdomen. One mass was described as a large, round, mineralized mass, with an "eggshell" appearance. The second mass was located caudal to the mineralized mass, and the third mass was located between the two masses. The second and the third masses had a soft tissue density. Ultrasonography was performed to identify the features and the origins of the masses. The first mass contained a large amount of anechoic fluid and had a thin wall; it was determined to be a cyst. Strong acoustic shadowing artifact was created by the mineralized cystic wall. Caudal to the cyst, the second mass was shown to be the prostate. A hypoechoic stalk connected the prostate and the cyst, which represented the cyst as a paraprostatic cyst with mineralization. The third mass was the normal urinary bladder. The cyst was removed surgically and confirmed by histopathologic examination. This report described typical clinical findings, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of a paraprostatic cyst.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1991

Mixed squamous cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in the thyroid gland is a very rare malignant tumor characterized by rapidly progressive clinical course and radioresistance. A 63-year-old woman had mixed squamous cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in the thyroid gland diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA), and the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. She had complained of a fixed, egg-sized mass of the anterior neck with hoarseness for 1 year. The findings of FNA consisted of sheets and clusters of polygonal epithelial cells with hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei and eosinophilic, abundant, laminated cytoplasm. These findings were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. Also, fool of papillary carcinoma were noted, and the cells exhibited nuclear groovings and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Total thyroidectomy specimen showed a diffusely infiltrating tumor in the left thyroid which was composed of mixed papillary carcinoma and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. In junction between two components, squamous metaplasia of papillary carcinoma was noted.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

Diagnosis of early esophageal cancer has become more frequent as a result of improved endoscopic technology, surveillance programmes, and increasing experience and awareness on the part of endoscopists. In early esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and early adenocarcinoma must be managed differently because they have different origins, pathogenesis. and clinical characteristics. The current treatment options vary widely, from extended resection with lymphadenectomy to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or ablation. None of these treatment options can be recommended universally. Instead, an individualized strategy should be based on the depth of tumor infiltration into the mucosa or submucosa, the presence or absence of lymph node metastases, the multicentricity of tumor growth, the length of the segment of intestinal metaplasia, and comorbidities of the patient. EMR has become increasingly important, both as a diagnostic tool for the staging of esophageal carcinomas and as a method of carrying out definitive treatment when the cancer meets certain criteria in which the risk of lymph-node metastasis is negligible. EMR may be sufficient in a subset of patients who have m1 or m2 squamous cell carcinoma and in patients who have isolated foci of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal cancer.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2001

A 66-year-old man visited author's institute complaining of the swelling on the submandibular gland area. Clinically, the exophytic mass penetrated the skin of the submandibular area. On MRI, the lesion occupied the left submandibular space and extended downward, protruding exterior to the subcutaneous fat layer, but the center of the lesion was located on the side of the skin and the growth exterior to the skin was prominent. Demarcation of the lesion and the submandibular gland was unclear. Histopathologically the epithelial nests and keratin production were seen, then the biopsy result was squamous cell carcinoma. The stroma of lesion showed a myxoid characteristic and some ducts showed metaplasia of the ductal cells, which suggested the gland-origin carcinoma. However, lots of keratin production and carcinomatous change of cells continuous to the normal epithelium of the skin, the skin-origin carcinoma invading into the submandibular gland area could not be excluded.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 1996

선천성 또는 외상등에 의한 후천성 기도 협착의 치료는 아직도 어려운 문제중 하나로서 해결하여야 할 많은 과제를 내포하고 있다. 특히 안정되고 유연한 구조적인 골격과 함께 호흡성상피로 피복되는 기관점막은 기관기능 보존에 있어 필수적 조건이다. 저자들은 현재까지 보고자에 따라 견해 차이가 있는, 이식연골막 및 이식점막의 운명에 대하여 시기에 따른 형태학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 즉 저자들은 혈행성 복합피판의 형태로 이식한 점막에 일어나는 변화를 형태학적으로 연구하였으며, 대조군으로는 혈행이 유지되지 않는 유리이식(free graft)으로 구성된 복합피판을 이용하였다. 또한 면역조직화학적 염색을 통해 이식 초기에 일어나는, 이식점막과 결손부 주변조직사이의 재생능의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 토끼 40마리를 두 군으로 나누어 각 군당 20마리씩으로 하였으며 술후 각각 2주, 4주, 6주 및 8주에 기관에 이식한 피판을 조직학적으로 분석하였다. 섬모의 재생상태는 주사현미경을 통해 관찰하였으며 각 군당 4마리의 토끼를 술 후 1일과 2일에 Brdu-Anti Brdu로 염색하여 결손된 점막의 주변부와 이식한 점막사이의 재생능이 복합피판의 구성에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 1. 혈행성의 복합피판으로 구성된 구강점막은 원주상피로 화생(metaplasia)하는 경향을 보였으나 유리 연골막에 부착한 구강점막에서는 괴사가 진행되면서 주위의 점막에서 성장해 들어가는 양상을 보였다. 2. Brdu-Anti Brdu 염색의 결과, 복합피판의 구성에 따라 이식점막과 주위 기관상피의 염색양상에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2018

Extremely massive sellar xanthogranuloma (XG) are rare, and the surgical outcome and prognosis are not well known. XG remain unknown whether they are derived from Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) or craniopharyngiomas (CPs) following extensive inflammation and metaplasia, to the point that no epithelium is readily identifiable. These lesions usually tend to occur in younger patients (mean 28.3 years), have a smaller diameter, and remain primarily intrasellar region with infrequent calcification. This 36-year-old man presented our hospital with visual deterioration. At the time of visit, there were no neurological problems other than visual field defect and hormonal disorder. He visited our hospital in 2007 due to headache and decreased vision, and underwent transphenoid surgery for pituitary RCC. Since then, he has received treatment at our hospital for postoperative hormonal disorders. Through preoperative imaging study, the author suspected CP and underwent surgery. During the operation, the adhesion of the tumor to the surrounding major neurovascular structures was severe in the naked eyes, but the tumor could be removed more easily than expected. The postoperative histological findings were confirmed as XG. The postoperative course was uneventful. Compared to the previous literature, this case is a case where the size of XG is very large in a sellar region and it can be proved that it originated from the RCC. And regular follow-up is necessary to confirm the prognosis after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.676-681
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• 2024

Parosteal lipoma is a rare tumor that occurs very close to the bone, and accounts for approximately 0.3% of all lipomas. Chondrolipoma, a lipoma with cartilaginous metaplasia, is also a rare tumor consisting of mature adipose and cartilage tissues. Therefore, a tumor with characteristics of both parosteal lipoma and chondrolipoma simultaneously is extremely rare. Herein, we report the imaging findings of a parosteal chondrolipoma arising in the right periscapular area, confirmed based on surgical resection and histopathologic examination.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and is caused by chronic gastroesophageal reflux. BE can progress over time from metaplasia to dysplasia, and eventually to EAC. EAC is associated with a poor prognosis, often due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. However, if BE is diagnosed early, pharmacologic and endoscopic treatments can prevent progression to EAC. The current standard of care for BE surveillance utilizes the Seattle protocol. Unfortunately, a sizable proportion of early EAC and BE-related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) are missed due to poor adherence to the Seattle protocol and sampling errors. New modalities using artificial intelligence (AI) have been proposed to improve the detection of early EAC and BE-related HGD. This review will focus on AI technology and its application to various endoscopic modalities such as high-definition white light endoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and volumetric laser endomicroscopy.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2011

Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common head and neck congenital lesions seen in children. Amongst the branchial cleft malformations, second cleft lesions account for 95 % of the branchial anomalies. This article analyzes all the cases of second branchial cleft anomalies operated on at Seoul National University Hospital from September 1995 to February 2011. We analyzed sex, age, symptom and sign, accompanied anomaly, diagnosis, treatment, pathologic report and outcome via retrospective review of medical records. In this series, we had 61 patients (27 female and 34 male). The mean age at the time of operation was 38 months. 31 lesions were on the right, 20 were on the left and 10 were bilateral. The most frequent chief complaints at presentation were non-tender mass and cervical opening without any discharge. According to anatomic type, 29 patients had branchial cleft sinuses, 14 had cysts, 14 had fistulas and 4 had skin tags. Complete excision was attempted if possible and antibiotics challenged when infection was suspected. Complete excision was achieved in 96.7 % of cases. Incision and drainage was done in 2 cases due to severe inflammation, and both recurred. Postoperative complications included wound infection in 2 cases. Microscopic examonation revealed squamous epithelium in 90.2 % and squamous metaplasia in one case in the branchial cleft cyst wall. In summary, second branchial anomaly is found more frequently on right side of neck. Fistulas are diagnosed earlier than cystic forms. Most cases could be diagnosed by physical examination. The definitive treatment is complete excision and sufficient antibiotics coverage for cases with inflammation. After drainage of infected lesions, follow up excision after 1 year might be beneficial for preventing recurrence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2555-2558
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• 2016

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to late presentation and diagnosis at advanced stages. Studies have reported that a variable proportion of gastric cancer is positive for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and patients with HER2 positive (HER2 +ve) lesions can benefit from targeted therapy. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of HER2 +ve gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalam, a developing Southeast Asian nation. Materials and Methods: Patients were identified from the Department of Pathology registry and retrospectively reviewed. HER2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and only those staining 3+were considered positive. Results: Our study included 103 cases (66 males and 37 females) with a mean age of $65.1{\pm}14.8$ years old. There were 14 cases positive for HER2 (10 males and 4 females) giving a prevalence of 13.6%. The HER2 +ve cases were significantly older ($70.6{\pm}19.3$ years old) than the negative cases ($64.2{\pm}13.8$, p=0.041) and had significantly more advanced disease (stages 3 and 4, p=0.026). There were no significant differences in gender distribution, presence of intestinal metaplasia, EBV status, Helicobacter pylori status, tumor location (proximal vs. distal) and degree of tumor differentiation (all p values >0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that 13.6% of our gastric cancers are positive for HER2, the affected patients being older and having more advanced disease at diagnosis.