• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.712-720
• /
• 2008

호소나 하천바닥의 퇴적물에는 많은 양의 미량 금속이 함유되어 있으며, 퇴적물과 간극수 사이에는 미량 금속들의 교환이 일어난다. 간극수로 이동된 미량 금속들은 쉽게 수환경으로 확산되어 수생태계에 독성을 유발한다. 그러나 이러한 미량 금속들은 존재형태에 따라 수생물에 미치는 독성이 다르다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경포호 등 10개의 동해안 석호에 대한 퇴적물의 간극수를 분석하고 화학종 분포 예측 프로그램(MINTEQA2)을 이용하여 미량 금속들의 존재형태를 예측하여 수환경에서의 독성여부를 확인하였다. 퇴적물에서 추출한 간극수의 미량 금속 분석결과를 예측 결과, K와 Na는 자유이온형태로 존재하고 있었으며, Al, As 및 Cr 등은 자유이온 형태를 비롯한 3$\sim$4개의 착물을 형성하였고 Ca, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb 및 Zn 등은 10개 이상의 다양한 착물을 형성하였다. 염분도가 높은 청초호 등(Group I호소)은 Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Hg 및 Zn이 주로 염화 착물을 형성하였으며, Fe, Mn 및 Mg는 황산화 착물을 형성하였다. 그러나 염분농도가 낮은 천진호 등(Group II호소)은 Hg와 Cd가 염화 착물을 형성하였으며, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb 및 Zn는 황산화 착물을 형성하였다. Fe는 Fe(OH)$_2{^+}$, Fe(OH)$_3$(aq) 등의 수산기 착물을 형성하였다. 또한 염분농도와 상관없이 Al, As 및 Cr은 전체 호소에서 수산기 및 산화형태의 착물을 형성하였다. 대부분 호소의 간극수에 존재하는 미량 금속들은 자유이온(M$^{x+}$)형태로 존재하고 있었으며, 그 외에 M$^{x+}$ + xCl$^-$와 M$^{2+}$ + SO$_4{^{2-}}$의 착물을 형성하고 있어 수환경으로 확산될 경우 생태계 독성 및 축척을 일으킬 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 1991

1. 표고버섯 중 정제된 ATPase는 $Fe^{3+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;K^{+}$ 및 $Co^{2+}$ 이온에 의하여 활성화 되었으나 $Zn^{2+},\;Ca^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$ 및 $Ni^{2+}$ 이온에 의하여는 그 활성도가 억제되었다. 2. 5 mM $Fe^{3+}$, 10 mM $Fe^{2+}$, 1 mM $Cd^{2+}$, 5 mM $Mg^{2+}$, 5 mM $K^{+}$ 및 5 mM $Co^{2+}$이온은 이효소의 활성을 각각 130, 65, 65, 68, 105 및 23% 증가시켰다. 3.10 mM $Zn^{2+}$, 10 mM $Ca^{2+}$, 0.5 mM $Cu^{2+}$ 그리고 10 mM $Ni^{2+}$ 이온은 이효소의 활성을 각각 18, 19, 27% 그리고 30%의 억제효과를 보였다. 4. 10 mM ${Co_3}^{2-}$, 20 mM $CN^{-}$, 20 mM ${CH_3COO}^{-}$ 그리고 20 mM ${NO_3}^{-}$의 음이온은 이효소의 활성을각각 98, 95, 70% 그리고 50%를 억제시켰으나,${SO_4}^{2-}$ 이온은 농도증가에 따라 활성화 되었고, 20 mM 용액에서 21%로 활성도 증가의 최대치를 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 1999

The protonation constants of the macrocyclic ligands, 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-tetraaza-cyclooctadecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetra(acetic acid) [N-ac4[18]aneN402] and 1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-tetraazacyclooctadecane-1,4-dioxa-7,10,13,16-N,N',N",N"'-tetra(methylacetic acid) [N-meac4[18]aneN4O2] have been determined by using potentiometric method. The protonation constants of the N-ac4[18]aneN4O2 were 9.31 for logK1H, 8.94 for logK2H, 7.82 for logK3H, 4.48 for logK4H and 2.94 for logK5H. And the protonation constants of the N-meac4[18]aneN4O2 were 9.34 for logK1H, 9.13 for logK2H, 8.05 for logK3H, 5.86 for logK4H, and 3.55 for logK5H. The stability constants of complexes on the divalent transition ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and tiivalent metal ions (Ce3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) with ligands N-ac4[18]-aneN4O2 and N-meac4[18]aneN4O2 have been obtained from the potentiometric data with the aid of the BEST program. The three higher values of the protonation constants for synthesized macrocyclic ligands correspond to the protonation of nitrogen atoms, and the fourth and fifth values correspond to the protonation of the carboxylate groups for the N-ac4[18]aneN4O2 and N-meac4[18]aneN4O2. The meatal ion affinities of the two tetra-azamacrocyclic ligands with four pendant acetate donor groups or methylacetate donor groups are compared. The effects of the metal ions on the stabilities are discussed, and the trends in stability constants resulting from changing the macrocyclic ring with pendant donor groups and acidity of the metal ions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.474-477
• /
• 1991

The preferential transport phenomena of neutral cation-anion moieties in neutral macrocycle-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane were described in this study. Emulsion membrane systems consisting of (1) aqueous source phase containing 0.001 M M($NO_3$)$_2(M=Mn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Cd^{2+},\;and\;Pb^{2+})$ (2) a toluene membrane containing 0.01 M ligand $(DBN_3O_2$, DA18C6, DT18C6, TT18C6, HT18C6) and the surfactant span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) (3% v/v) and (3) an aqueous receiving phase containing $Na_2S_2O_3$ or $NaNO_3$ were studied with respect to the disappearence of transition metal ions from the source phase as a function of time. Cation transports for various two component or three component equimolar mixture of transition metal and $Cu^{2+}$ in a emulsion membrane system incorporating macrocyclic ligand (HT18C6) as carrier were determinded. $Cu^{2+}$ was transported higher rates than the other $M^{2+}$ in the mixture solution. Equilibrium constants for cation-source phase co-anion, cation macrocycle and cation-receiving phase reagent interaction are examined as parameters for the prediction of cation transport selectivities.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.914-918
• /
• 1992

이 연구에서는 중성거대고리리간드를 운반체로 이용한 Emulsion 액체막에서 금속이온의 이동현상에 관하여 다루었다. Emulsion 막은 (1) 0.001M $M(NO_3)_2$ (M = $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Sr^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$)으로 된 수용액의 source phase와 (2)0.02M 거대고리리간드와 계면활성제인 span 80을 포함하는 toluene 막과 (3) $Na_2S_2O_3$ 또는 $NaNO_3$을 포함하는 receiving phase로 되어 있으며 시간에 따라 source phase로부터 금속이온들의 이동량을 연구하였다. 이성분계의 금속이온의 이동속도를 관찰하였다. 혼합용액에서의 $Cd^{2+}$이 다른 이온보다 높은 이동율을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권11호
• /
• pp.2691-2696
• /
• 2009

Effects of representative group II and transition metal ions on the stability of the $poly(dA){\cdot}[poly(dT)]_2$ triplex were investigated by the van’t Hoff plot constructed from a thermal melting curve. The transition, $poly(dA){\cdot}[poly(dT)]_2\;{\rightarrow}\;poly(dA){\cdot}poly(dT)\;+\;poly(dT)$, was non-spontaneous with a positive Gibb’s free energy, endothermic (${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ > 0), and had a favorable entropy change (${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ > 0), as seen from the negative slope and positive y-intercept in the van’t Hoff plot. Therefore, the transition is driven by entropy change. The $Mg^{2+}$ ion was the most effective at stabilization of the triplex, with the effect decreasing in the order of $Mg^{2+}\;>\;Ca^{2+}\;>\;Sr^{2+}\;>\;Ba^{2+}$. A similar stabilization effect was found for the duplex to single strand transition: $poly(dA){\cdot}poly(dT)\;+\;poly(dT)\;→\;poly(dA)\;+\;2poly(dT)$, with a larger positive free energy. The transition metal ions, namely $Ni_{2+},\;Cu_{2+},\;and\;Zn_{2+}$, did not exhibit any effect on triplex stabilization, while showing little effect on duplex stabilization. The different effects on triplex stabilization between group II metal ions and the transition metal ions may be attributed to their difference in binding to DNA; transition metals are known to coordinate with DNA components, including phosphate groups, while group II metal ions conceivably bind DNA via electrostatic interactions. The $Cd_{2+}$ ion was an exception, effectively stabilizing the triplex and melting temperature of the third strand dissociation was higher than that observed in the presence of $Mg_{2+}$, even though it is in the same group with $Zn_{2+}$. The detailed behavior of the $Cd_{2+}$ ion is currently under investigation.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 1999

벤질 치환기를 포함하는 질소-산소 혼합 주개 거대고리 리간드와 Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) 그리고 Ag(I)와의 상호작용에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 95% 메탄올 용액에서 각 착물의 안정도 상수를 전위차 적정법을 통해 결정하였으며 또한 이들 거대고리 리간드를 포함하는 액체막을 통하여 금속 이온의 이동을 조사하였다. 그 결과 Cu(II)와 Ag(I) 이온의 경우만 사용한 두 리간드와 안정한 착물을 형성하는 것으로 조사되었으며 액체막 이동 실험에서는 Ag(I) 이온의 선택적 이동이 일어남을 확인하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2009

Since heavy metal pollution is a significant global environmental problem and very dangerous to human health, the improved methods for detecting heavy metals are required recently. Colorimetric chemosensors are now considered as one of the most effective analytical method used in the environment monitoring. New direct dyes having the function of colorimetric chemosensors were synthesized. When metal ions such as $Al^{3+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cr^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Li^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ were added each solution of new direct dyes, the color of solution was changed and can be easily detected with naked eyes without expensive experimental equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma?mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The new benzidine analogues were diazotized and reacted with couplers such as H-acid, J-acid, Chromotropic acid, Nevill-winther acid and gamma acid to synthesize new direct dyes. The structures of the new direct dyes were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometer (FAB ionization) and evaluated with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The UV-VIS spectroscopy was measured for the dye solutions by adding various concentrations of metal ions. It was observed that the absorbance in UV-Vis spectra was changed as the heavy metal ions were added.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.835-843
• /
• 2004

N,N-bis(2-salicylaldehyde)dipropylenetriamine(5- Hsaldipn), N,N-bis( 5-bromosalicyl-aldehyde) dipropylenetriamine (5-Brsaldipn), N,N-bis(5-chlorosalicy laldehyde )dipropylene-triamine(5-Clsaldipn), N,N-bis(2-hydroxy- $5-methoxy-benzaldehyde)dipropylenetriamine(5-OCH_3saldipn)$ and N,N-bis (2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde)dipropylenetriamine $(5-NO_2saldipn)$ were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry, NMR spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Their proton dissociation constants were determined in 70% dioxane/30% water solution by potentiometric. Stability constants of the complexes between these ligands and the metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide by a polarographic method. Stability constants for the ligands were in the order of $5-OCH_3$ > 5-H > 5-Br > 5-Cl > $5-NO_2$ saldipn. Enthalpy and entropy changes were obtained in negative values.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2001

PM 2.5/ samples were measured at two sites, Hadan(suburban site) and Anrak (roadside site) in Busan area. PM 2.5/ sampling was performed for 24-hour intervals by the FH9.5 particulate sampler. Aerosol samples were collected on PTFE filter. A total of 60 particulate samples were collected, dad samples were measured for Particulate mass concentration, metallic elements (Cr, Mn, Ni. Cu. Se, Fe, Pb, and Zn) and waer-soluble elements (C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ ,S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, $Ca_{2}$$^{+}$, $Mg_{2}$$^{+}$ and $^{+}$.Mass concentration in Hadan ranged 24.23~57.12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and 60.22~72.12 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥m Yellow Sand Events. Major cations in Hadan and Anrak site is N $H_{4}$$^{+}$and N $a^{+}$ respectively. SO42$^{[-10]}$ was the abundant specie in the PM 2.5 fraction for Hadan site an dAnrak site. Hadan site showed igher concentration in S $O_{4}$$^{2.1}$ and N $H_{4}$ $^{+}$ In Anrak site the concentration of S $O_{4}$/sip 2-/and N $a^{+}$ was higher than other ions Prominent metallic elements were Fe and Pb in two sites. Principal component analysis showed that main source of PM 2.5 aerosol particles was non-metal related source which was resulted in relating elements as Cr, Ni, and Pb at Hadan site, Anrak site also has resulted PM2.5 aerosol paricles source, which was related its element like Zn, and Ni,. The SAS package analysis also showed that long-range transport effect at Hadan area due to Yellow Sand Event by the prevailing weaterlies.ling weaterlies.