• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.82-92
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• 2001

This paper describes implementation of an embedded 32-Bit RISC core for portable communication/information equipment, such as cellular phones, PDA(Personal Digital Assistants), notebook, etc. The RISC core implements the ARM$\circled$V 4 instruction set, operates with typical 5-stage pipeline. It supports Thumb code to improve the code density, and uses the dynamic power management method of pipeline registers. It was modeled and simulated in RTL level using VHDL, and verified with ARMulator of ADS (Arm Developer Suite) and had average CPI of 1.44. The core is synthesized automatically using the cell library based on $0.6{\mu}m$ CMOS 1-poly 3-metal CMOS technology. It consists of about 41,000 gates and the clock frequency is expected to be above 45 MHz.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.349-367
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• 2022

In this research, an approach combining a semi-analytical method and an analytical method is presented to investigate the static and dynamic post-buckling behavior of the sandwich functionally graded (FG) porous cylindrical shells exposed to external pressure. The sandwich cylindrical shell considered is composed of a viscoelastic core and two FG porous (FGP) face layers. The viscoelastic core is made of Kelvin-Voigt-type material. The material properties of the FG porous face layer are considered continuous through each face thickness according to a porosity coefficient and a volume fraction index. Two types of sandwich FG porous viscoelastic cylindrical shells named Type A and Type B are considered in the research. Type A shell has the porosity evenly distributed across the thickness direction, and Type B has the porosity unevenly distributes across the thickness direction. The FG face layers are considered in two cases: outside metal surface, inside ceramic surface (OMS-ICS), and inside metal surface, outside ceramic surface (IMS-OCS). According to Donnell shell theory, von-Karman equation, and Galerkin's method, a discretized nonlinear governing equation is derived for analyzing the behavior of the shells. The explicit expressions for static and dynamic critical buckling loading are thus developed. To study the dynamic buckling of the shells, the governing equation is examined via a numerical approach implementing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. With a procedure presented by Budiansky-Roth, the critical load for dynamic post-buckling is obtained. The effects of various parameters, such as material and geometrical parameters, on the post-buckling behaviors are investigated.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.477-491
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the shade changes(${\Delta}E^*$) about $In-Ceram^{(R)}$, $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$, $OPC^{(R)}$ by using of the spectrophotometer arising from inital status and before and after cementation of the resin cement mounted on the metal core. We used a couple of statistics such as 'One- Way ANOVA' and 'Multiple Range Test.' We could be able to verify significantly what is being discussed here up to 95%. The results drawn from our research are as follows : 1. At the time of our experiments regarding the initial shapes of all-ceramic and mounting status of all-ceramic on the metal crown(${\Delta}E^*1$), and a comparison of mounting of all ceramic on the metal crown with all-ceramic cemented on the metal core(${\Delta}E^*2$), at the time of shade change of initial shapes and after we cemented on the metal core. (1) no significant difference among all-ceramics was found. (2) no particular difference was found regarding the $In-Ceram^{(R)}$. (3) a significant difference between the ${\Delta}E^*1$ and ${\Delta}E^*2$ regarding the $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$ was found(P<0.05). (4) a significant difference between the ${\Delta}E^*1$ and ${\Delta}E^*2$ regarding the $OPC^{(R)}$ was found(P<0.05). 2. When we compared the shade changes(${\Delta}E^*$) resulted from before and after the cementation on each of the parts involved of some all-ceramic, we could be able to find shade change increase form incisal third, middle third. and cervical third in that order in $In-Ceram^{(R)}$(spinell), IPS $Empress^{(R)}$, and $OPC^{(R)}$ all. In addition. we could be able to find a significant difference between cervical third and incisal third, middle third. (P<0.05) From what we have just seen, we might conclude that there is a significant shade change difference before and after the cementation with respect to $IPS-Empress^{(R)}$ and $OPC^{(R)}$. In addition, we could also be able to find more shade change difference at the cervical third rather than incisal third and middle third depending on the parts involved.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.490-495
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• 2003

In steel-making process of iron and steel industry, the purity and quality of steel can be dependent on the amount of CO contained in the molten metal. Recently, the supersonic oxygen jet is being applied to the molten metal in the electric furnace and thus reduces the CO amount through the chemical reactions between the oxygen jet and molten metal, leading to a better quality of steel. In this application, the supersonic oxygen jet is limited in the distance over which the supersonic velocity is maintained. In order to get longer supersonic jet propagation into the molten metal, a supersonic coherent jet is suggested as one of the alternatives which are applicable to the electric furnace system. It has a flame around the conventional supersonic jet and thus the entrainment effect of the surrounding gas into the supersonic jet is reduced, leading to a longer propagation of the supersonic jet. In this regard, gasdynamics mechanism about why the combustion phenomenon surrounding the supersonic jet causes the jet core length to be longer is not yet clarified. The present study investigates the major characteristics of the supersonic coherent jet, compared with the conventional supersonic jet. A computational study is carried out to solve the compressible, axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. The computational results of the supersonic coherent jet are compared with the conventional supersonic jets.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.831-840
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• 1997

Core/shell structured composite metal oxides of Fe2O3/MgO were prepared by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 adsorbed on the surface of MgO cores. The morphology of the composites conformed to that of the MgO used as the cores. Broad powder X-ray diffraction peaks shifted toward larger d, large BET surface area (∼350 m2/g), and the size of crystalline domains in nano range (4 nm), all corroborate to the nanocrystallinity of the Fe2O3/MgO composite which was prepared by using nanocrystalline MgO as the core. By use of microcrystalline MgO as the core, microcrystalline Fe2O3/MgO composite was prepared, and it had small BET surface area of less than 35 m2/g. AFM measurements on nanocrystalline Fe2O3/MgO showed a collection of spherical aggregates (∼80 nm dia) with a very rough surface. On the contrary, microcrystalline Fe2O3/MgO was a collection of plate-like flat crystallites with a smooth surface. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption behavior indicated that microcrystalline Fe2O3/MgO was nonporous, whereas nanocrystalline Fe2O3/MgO was mesoporous. Bimodal distribution of the pore size became unimodal as the layer of Fe2O3 was applied to nanocrystalline MgO. The macropores in a wide distribution which the nanocrystalline MgO had were absent in the nanocrystalline Fe2O3/MgO. The decomposition of CCl4 was largily enhanced by the overlayer of Fe2O3 on nanocrystalline MgO making the reaction between nanocrystalline Fe2O3/MgO and CCl4 be nearly stoichiometric. The reaction products were environmentally benign MgCl2 and CO2. Such an enhancement was not attainable with the microcrystalline samples. Even for the nanocrystalline MgO, the enhancement was not attained, if not with the Fe2O3 layer. Without the layer of Fe2O3, it was observed that the nanocrystalline domain of the MgO transformed into microcrystalline one as the decomposition of CCl4 proceeded on its surface. It appeared that the layer of Fe2O3 on the particles of nanocrystalline Fe2O3/MgO blocked the transformation of the nanocrystalline domain into microcrystalline one. Therefore, in order to attain stoichiometric reaction between CCl4 and Fe2O3/MgO core/shell structured composite metal oxide, the morphology of the core MgO has to be nanocrystalline, and also the nanocrystalline domains has to be sustained until the core was exhausted into MgCl2.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

Calculation of the core neutronic parameters is one of the key components in all nuclear reactors. In this research, the energy spectrum and spatial distribution of the neutron flux in a uranium target have been calculated. In addition, sensitivity of the core neutronic parameters in accelerator-driven subcritical advanced liquid metal reactors, such as electron beam energy ($E_e$) and source multiplication coefficient ($k_s$), has been investigated. A Monte Carlo code (MCNPX_2.6) has been used to calculate neutronic parameters such as effective multiplication coefficient ($k_{eff}$), net neutron multiplication (M), neutron yield ($Y_{n/e}$), energy constant gain ($G_0$), energy gain (G), importance of neutron source (${\varphi}^*$), axial and radial distributions of neutron flux, and power peaking factor ($P_{max}/P_{ave}$) in two axial and radial directions of the reactor core for four fuel loading patterns. According to the results, safety margin and accelerator current ($I_e$) have been decreased in the highest case of $k_s$, but G and ${\varphi}^*$ have increased by 88.9% and 21.6%, respectively. In addition, for LP1 loading pattern, with increasing $E_e$ from 100 MeV up to 1 GeV, $Y_{n/e}$ and G improved by 91.09% and 10.21%, and $I_e$ and $P_{acc}$ decreased by 91.05% and 10.57%, respectively. The results indicate that placement of the Np-Pu assemblies on the periphery allows for a consistent $k_{eff}$ because the Np-Pu assemblies experience less burn-up.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.409-419
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• 2021

The effect of solidification rate on micro-segregation in investment casting of IN738LC superalloy was studied. In Ni-based superalloys, the micro-segregation of solute atoms is formed due to limited diffusion during cast and solidification. The microstructure of cast Ni-based superalloys is largely divided into dendrite core of initial solidification and interdendrite of final solidification. In particular, mosaic shaped eutectic γ/γ' and carbides are formed in the interdendrite of the final solidification region in some cases. The micro-segregation phenomena formed in regions of dendrite core and interdendrite including eutectic γ/γ' and carbides were analyzed using OM, SEM/EDS and micro Vickers hardness. As a result of analysis, the lack of (Cr, W) and the accumulation of Ti were measured in the eutectic γ/γ', and the accumulation of (Cr, Mo) and the lack of Ti were measured in the interdendrite between dendrite and eutectic. Carbides formed in interdendritic region were composed of (Ti, W, Mo, C). The segregation applied to each microstructure is mainly due to the formation of γ' with Ni₃(Al,Ti) composition. The Ni accumulation accompanied by Cr depletion, and the Ti accumulated in the eutectic region as a γ' forming elements. The Mo tends to diffuse out from the dendrite core to the interdendrite, and the W diffuse out from the interdendrite to the dendrite core. Therefore, the accumulation of Mo in the interdendrite and the deficiency of W occur in the eutectic region located in the interdendrite. Heat treatment makes the degree of the micro-segregation decrease due to the diffusion during solid solution. This study could be applied to the heat treatment technology for the micro-segregation control in cast Ni-based superalloys.

• 대한치과보철학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.202-202
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.155-159
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• 2008

In this work, we report synthesis of free-standing ZnO/Zn core-shell micro-polyhedrons using metal Zn pellets as a source material by the thermal chemical vapor deposition process. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements were introduced to investigate morphologies and structural properties of as-grown ZnO/Zn core-shell micro-polyhedrons. It was found that micro-polyhedrons were composed of inner single-crystalline metal Zn surrounded by single-crystalline ZnO nanorod arrays. The inner single crystalline metal Zn with micro-scale diameter has a hexagonal crystal structure. Diameter and height of ZnO nanorods covering the metal Zn surface are below 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively. It was also confirmed that c-axis oriented ZnO nanorods are single crystalline with a hexagonal crystal structure.