• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.789-797
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• 2015

The concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 49 surface sediment samples collected in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays on the south coast of Korea, which contain many shellfish farms, in order to assess the contamination level and to understand the spatial distribution of trace metals. The average metal concentrations in the surface sediments of both bays decreased in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. There were no differences in metal concentrations between shellfish farms and reference sites. The metal concentrations were significantly higher in Gangjin Bay than in Yeoja Bay. Notably, the Cu, Cd, and Hg concentrations were nearly twice as high in Gangjin Bay as in Yeoja Bay. A multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation among Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Cr in the sediments of both bays, implying that the metal concentrations in the sediments in the study area were mainly dependent on natural processes, such as crustal components and diagenesis. Based on the geoaccumulation index and marine sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the surface sediments in Yeoja and Gangjin Bays are not polluted by trace metals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.772-784
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• 2011

We measured grain size, organic matter, and metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in intertidal sediments collected from six islands in the western part of Jellanam Province in order to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the tidal flat sediments of coastal islands. The evaluation of metal contamination was carried out using geochemical assessment techniques such as sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$). Surface sediments were classified into four sedimentary facies: sand, gravelly muddy sand, slightly gravelly mud, and silt. The concentrations of heavy metals in intertidal sediments from Jaeun, Amtae, Biguem, and Docho islands showed good positive correlations with mean grain size and ignition loss, indicating that the concentrations of metallic elements in these sediments were dependent on grain size and the organic matter content. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments from almost all of the stations were lower than two criterion values proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Based on the EF and $I_{geo}$ results, surface sediments were a little polluted for Cr and were moderately polluted for As. Our results suggest that more intensive studies are necessary in the future in order to determine the major source of As in intertidal sediment and to evaluate the As pollution level in macrobenthos.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 1991

For the survey of water pollution, several heavy metals were analyzed in the sediment of the Han River from March 20 to April 22, 1989. The results were as follows : 1. The respective ranges of heavy metal concentrations of Cadimium, Lead, Copper, Zinc and Manganese found in the sediments of the Han River were 0.32!2.41 $\mu g/g$, 15.80~129.64 $\mu g/g$, 13.82~372.36 $\mu g/g$, 58.40~925.40 $\mu g/g$, 271.50~668.30 $\mu g/g$. 2. In the sediment of inflow site Jung Rang Chon the contents of Lead, Copper, Zinc were the highest among other sampling points and An Yang Chon, the contents of Cadmium, was the highest among other sampling points and Wang Sook Chon, the contents of Manganese, was the highest among other sampling points. 3. Through all sampling points general trend of heavy metal contamination showed the highest in Zinc, the next Manganese, Copper, Lead and Cadmium respectively. 4. The higher amount of heavy metal was found in the finer particles of sediment. 5. The amount of Cadmium and Lead of the Han River water was below the standard of environment.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

Heavy metal contamination and biological toxicity of mine drainages and sediments in abandoned mines were studied. Mine drainages had pH at a range of 2.94~7.86, and contained heavy metals at a toxic level. For coal mines, toxicity of mine drainage to Daphnia magna was attributable to acidic pH. In addition to the low pH, suspended heavy metals such as Zn and Cu contributed to toxicity of mine drainages at abandoned metalliferous mines. All mine sediments studied in this work showed biological toxicity to Chironomus riparius, having mortality at a range of 15~60%. However, its relationship with physicochemical properties including heavy metal content of the sediments was not statistically explained. Exceptionally clay ($< 2{\mu}m$ particle) content was negatively correlated with the biological toxicity for sediment samples collected at the same abandoned mines.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2022

Heavy metal contaminations were investigated in fishes inhabiting the basins of Andong, Imha and Yeongju dam basins along the upper stream of the Nakdong river. The characteristics of heavy metals contamination in fish were investigated based on sampling sites located in the Andong dam basin. The muscle tissue was analyzed for 267 objects of 26 species from the Andong dam, 50 objects of 17 species from Imha dam, 38 objects of 9 species fromYoungju dam basin.The type and amount of heavy metals concentrated in the body of the fishes was found to be species-dependent. The heavy metal species which contamination increase through the Seokpo smelter are chromium, zinc, cadmium, and lead, and these are very likely the influence of the smelter. The concentration of eight heavy metals in fish from the Andong dam basin was higher than that in fish from the Imha and Youngju dam basins; the values for zinc, arsenic, and cadmium were significantly higher. However, mercury and lead exhibited high values in the Imha and Yeongju dam basins, respectively.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.799-811
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal contamination and pollution index of agricultural soils around industrial complexes in the Jeon-Buk Regions of Korea. Soil samples near industrial complexes in 2017 were collected at two depths (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) within a 500- and 1000-meter radius before planting. Eight heavy metals (Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), Cupper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn)) and the pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and soil pollution index (SPI) were evaluated based on soil contamination warning standard (SCWS). Overall, the heavy metal concentrations were below the SCWS. The PI ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 and categorized into Group 1 which is not polluted with any heavy metals. The average Igeo values of all the soil samples ranged from - 2.56 to 3.22. The Igeo values of Cd and Hg may not represent well the pollution index because the heavy metal concentrations in the soil is lower compared to the SCWS. In fact, based on the heavy metal concentrations, the Igeo for monitored soils should be categorized into Group 1, uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. However, the Igeo of Cd and Hg are classified into heavily contaminated. These results suggest that for calculating the Igeo, the heavy metal concentration and background concentration should be used very carefully if the heavy metal concentration in the soil is lower than the background concentration. SPI for all the soil samples ranged from 0.00 to 0.11 which indicates no heavy metal pollution was observed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1562-1567
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• 2009

안동호와 임하호의 수환경내 중금속의 오염정도와 서식 어종간의 중금속 축적 정도를 알아보기 위해 양호수의 수질, 저니 및 서식어종인 붕어를 이용하여 중금속 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 안동호와 임하호 수질과 저니내 중금속 함량은 안동호에서 높은 함량을 보이며, As는 함량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 안동호와 임하호에 서식하는 붕어의 중금속 함량의 경우 안동호에 서식하는 붕어에서 높은 함량을 보이며, Cr, Cu, Cd 및 As는 함량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비늘, 근육, 뼈 조직은 안동호와 임하호의 함량차이가 크며, 안동호에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과 안동호와 임하호의 수질과 저니 및 서식어종인 붕어의 중금속 함량은 안동호에서 임하호보다 중금속 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 안동호와 임하호의 함량차이도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 안동호의 경우 안동호 상류 지점의 폐광산과 농경지로부터 하상퇴적물이 유입되어 하상퇴적물 속에 포함된 유기물을 붕어가 먹이로 섭취함으로써 중금속 함량에 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1999

At Present, 200mm wafer technology is being applied for commercial fabrications of 64, 128, and 256 M DRAM devices, and 300mm technology will be evolved for 1G DRAM devices in the early 21th century, recognizing limitations of several process technologies. In particular recognition has been realized in harmful effects of surface contamination of trace metals introduced during devicing processes. Such a guide line for surface metal contamination has been proposed as 1E9 and 1E10 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of individual metal contamination for wafering and devicing of 1G DRAM, respectively, and so its measurement limit should be at least 1E8 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The detection limit of present measurement systems is 2E9 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$ obtainable with TRXFA(Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis). TRXFA is nondestructive and the simplest in terms of operation, and it maps the whole wafer surfaces but needs detection improvement. X-Ray intensity produced with synchrotron accelerator is much higher than that of conventional X-ray sources by order of 4-5 magnitudes. Hence theoretically its reactivity with silicon surfaces is expected to be much higher than the conventional one, realizing improvement of detection limit. X-ray produced with synchrotron accelerator is illuminated at a very low angle with silicon wafer surfaces such as 0.1 degree and reflects totally. Hence informations only from surface can be collected and utilized without overlapping with bulk informations. This study shows the total reflection phenomenon and quantitative improvement of detection limit for metallic contamination. It is confirmed that synchrotron X-ray can be a very promising alternative for realizing improvement of detection limit for the next generation devices.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.189-194
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• 1998

Geochemical study was carried out to find out the distribution of metals and cyanide in soil in the vicinity of the abandoned Keum-Jung mine. Chemical analysis showed that content of As in soil around tailings exceeded 15mg/kg, Korean standard of soil contamination in the farm land. That means the contamination of soil by As is due to input of tailings. According to total decomposition of tailings, As was highly concentrated in tailings. However the water in tailings impoundment was changed to acidic and contaminated by metal and sulfate because the tailings in the top of the tailings impoundment had been oxidized. Acid mine drainage contaminated the water course in the vicinity of the paddy soils. The proper measures are required to prevent contamination of the soil and water in the vicinity of the Keum-Jung mine.