• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2019

The effect of various lithium sources such as LiCl, LiOH, and Li-metal on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of granulated $SiO_x$ powders were investigated. Various lithium sources were metallurgically added for a passive pre-lithiation of $SiO_x$ to improve its low initial coulombic efficiency. In spite of using the same amount of Li in various sources, as well as the same process conditions, different lithium silicates were obtained. Moreover, irreversible phases were formed without reduction of $SiO_x$, which might be from additional oxygen incorporation during the process. Accordingly, there were no noticeable electrochemical enhancements. Nevertheless, the $Li_4SiO_4$ phase changes the initial electrochemical reaction, and consequently the relationship between the microstructure and electrochemical properties of metallurgically pre-lithiated $SiO_x$ could provide a guideline for the optimization of the performance of lithium ion batteries.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2019

Ti has received considerable attention for aerospace, vehicle, and semiconductor industry applications because of its acid-resistant nature, low density, and high mechanical strength. A common precursor used for preparing Ti materials is $TiCl_4$. To prepare high-purity $TiCl_4$, a process based on the removal of $VOCl_3$ has been widely applied. However, $VOCl_3$ removal by distillation and condensation is difficult because of the similar physical properties of $TiCl_4$ and $VOCl_3$. To circumvent this problem, in this study, we have developed a process for $VOCl_3$ removal using Cu powder and mineral oil as purifying agents. The effects of reaction time and temperature, and ratio of purifying agents on the $VOCl_3$ removal efficiency are investigated by chemical and structural measurements. Clear $TiCl_4$ is obtained after the removal of $VOCl_3$. Notably, complete removal of $VOCl_3$ is achieved with 2.0 wt% of mineral oil. Moreover, the refined $TiCl_4$ is used as a precursor for the synthesis of Ti powder. Ti powder is fabricated by a thermal reduction process at $1,100^{\circ}C$ using an $H_2-Ar$ gas mixture. The average size of the Ti powder particles is in the range of $1-3{\mu}m$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2019

Various process technologies for manufacturing power inductors are under development. The core goal is to increase the mixing ratio of the soft magnetic powder in the epoxy, and to uniformly disperse it in a molding-type power inductor, manufactured by the injection molding method. In this study, we investigated the effect of dispersant and silane on the dispersion of soft magnetic metal powders in epoxy. We added 0.6 wt% of dispersant and 2.0 wt% of silane, and an excellent dispersibility resulted. Under the conditions of 0.3 wt% of dispersant and 0.5 wt% of silane, we added both dispersant and silane together to observe the effect of their interaction on dispersibility. Similarly, the addition of 0.3 wt% of dispersant and 0.1 wt% of silane resulted in a sharp increase in viscosity, considered to be due to the interaction of the dispersant and silane. The addition of 0.1 wt% of dispersant with 0.5 wt% of silane resulted in a sharp rise in viscosity, and sedimentation-height decreased sharply due to the dispersion optimization.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2021

Cobalt (Co) is mainly used to prepare cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and binder metals for WC-Co hard metals. Developing an effective method for recovering Co from WC-Co waste sludge is of immense significance. In this study, Co is extracted from waste cemented carbide soft scrap via mechanochemical milling. The leaching ratio of Co reaches approximately 93%, and the leached solution, from which impurities except nickel are removed by pH titration, exhibits a purity of approximately 97%. The titrated aqueous Co salts are precipitated using oxalic acid and hydroxide precipitation, and the effects of the precipitating agent (oxalic acid and hydroxide) on the cobalt microstructure are investigated. It is confirmed that the type of Co compound and the crystal growth direction change according to the precipitation method, both of which affect the microstructure of the cobalt powders. This novel mechanochemical process is of significant importance for the recovery of Co from waste WC-Co hard metal. The recycled Co can be applied as a cemented carbide binder or a cathode material for lithium secondary batteries.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2022

5G 시대를 맞아, 인공지능, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 자율주행 차량, 스마트 제조 등의 기술 소요가 증가하고 있다. 전자기기의 고효율을 위해 고집적회로 및 패키징 연구는 중요하다. 전해도금된 솔더는 범프 조성의 균일성에 한계가 있다. 작은 크기의 솔더 파우더로 구성된 솔더 페이스트는 고집적 패키징에 일반적으로 사용되는 솔더 중 하나이다. 솔더 페이스트에 나노 입자를 첨가하거나 기판 표면 마감 처리를 하여 젖음성을 향상시키고, 금속 패드 계면에서 금속간화합물의 성장을 억제하는 연구가 진행중이다. 본 논문은 나노 입자 첨가를 통한 솔더 페이스트의 젖음성 향상과 계면 금속간화합물의 성장을 억제하는 원리에 대하여 설명한다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

The sub micron sized spherical $MgB_2$ powders were synthesized by spray reaction method. $MgB_2$ tapes with Al addition were fabricated by Powder in Tube (PIT) method. The superconducting property and microstructure of Al doped $MgB_2$ tapes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transport measurement under magnetic field. The $J_c$ value of $MgB_2$ tapes was increased with 10 vol. % Al addition. The $J_c$ value of 5,500 A/$cm^2$ and 11,000 A/$cm^2$ at 4.2 K and 5 T were obtained for the $MgB_2$ tape and 10 vol. % of Al added $MgB_2$ tape without heat treatment, respectively. The $J_c$ value of 8,000 A/$cm^2$ and 33,000 A/$cm^2$ at 4.2 K and 5 T were obtained for the $MgB_2$ tape and 10 vol. % of Al added $MgB_2$ tape with heat treatment, respectively. The $J_c$-B curves show enhancement in $J_c$ (B), which suggests that the microstructure and transport properties of $MgB_2$ tapes have been improved with Al addition.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2023

A Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenite stainless steel in dry cask storage system (DCSS) can occur with extending service time than originally designed. Cold spray coating (CSC) not only form a very dense microstructure that can protect from corrosive environments, but also can generate compressive stress on the surface. This characteristic of CSC process is very helpful to increase the resistance for CISCC. CSC with several powders, such as 304L, 316L and Ni can be optimized to form very dense coating layer. In addition, the impact energy generated as the CSC powder collides with the surface of base metal at a speed of Mach 2 or more can remove the residual tensile stress of welding area and serve the compress stress. CSC layers include no oxidation and no contamination with under 0.2% porosity, which is enough to protect from the penetration of corrosive chloride. Therefore, the CSC coating layer can be accompanied by a function that can be disconnected from the corrosive environment and an effect of improving the residual stress that causes CISCC, so the canister's CISCC resistance can be increased.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1602-1608
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• 2007

The composites were fabricated, respectively, using 61[vol.%] SiC-39[vol.%] $TiB_2$ and using 61[vol.%] SiC-39[vol.%] $ZrB_2$ powders with the liquid forming additives of 12[wt%] $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ by hot pressing annealing at $1650[^{\circ}C]$ for 4 hours. Reactions between SiC and transition metal $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ were not observed in this microstructure. The result of phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed SiC(6H, 3C), $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ and $YAG(Al_5Y_3O_{12})$ crystal phase on the Liquid-Phase-Sintered(LPS) $SiC-TiB_2$, and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite. $\beta\rightarrow\alpha-SiC$ phase transformation was occurred on the $SiC-TiB_2$ and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite. The relative density, the flexural strength and Young's modulus showed the highest value of 98.57[%], 249.42[MPa] and 91.64[GPa] in $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite at room temperature respectively. The electrical resistivity showed the lowest value of $7.96{\times}10^{-4}[\Omega{\cdot}cm]$ for $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite at $25[^{\circ}C]$. The electrical resistivity of the $SiC-TiB_2$ and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite was all positive temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR) in the temperature ranges from $25[^{\circ}C]$ to $700[^{\circ}C]$. The resistance temperature coefficient of composite showed the lowest value of $1.319\times10^{-3}/[^{\circ}C]$ for $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite in the temperature ranges from $100[^{\circ}C]$ to $300[^{\circ}C]$ Compositional design and optimization of processing parameters are key factors for controlling and improving the properties of SiC-based electroconductive ceramic composites.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

하수시설 및 복개 구조물 등은 용해 시 산성으로 작용하는 황화수소에 크게 노출되어, 황산화균의 작용에 의해 강산성의 황산이온이 생성된다. 이에 따라 콘크리트의 생화학적 부식에 의한 열화가 촉진되며, 콘크리트 손상을 더욱 가속화하여 내구성이 크게 저하될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트에서 황산화균이 유기 생체적으로 사용하는 황화수소를 제거하기 위해, 금속의 살균성을 이용하여 금속 및 금속염 분말을 콘크리트에 혼입한 후, 황산화 억제 성능을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 중성화한 콘크리트 시편의 황산화균에 대한 항균 성능을 비교 평가하였고, 급속 염소이온 침투시험을 통해 금속 및 금속염계 항균제 첨가량에 따른 콘크리트 염화물 침투깊이 및 확산계수를 측정하였다. 또한 야외에서 폭로시킨 콘크리트 시편의 표면 상태의 생화학적 상태를 관측하여, 항균콘크리트의 성능 및 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2006

Propylene oxide (PPO)를 gelation agent로 한 졸-겔법으로 입자가 균일하고 자기적 특성이 우수한 $MO{\cdot}Fe_{12}O_{18}$ (M/Ba and Sr)의 구조식을 가지는 M-type hexagonal ferrite를 제조하였다. 본 방법으로 얻은 졸-겔용액은 매우 안정적인 분산상태를 보이며, $Fe^{3+}$의 겔화가 진행되고, 생성된 $Fe_2O_3$의 표면에서 $Ba^{2+}$ 또는 $Sr^{2+}$의 겔화가 진행되는 것으로 설명될 수 있어서, +3가 이하의 금속이라도 +3가 이상의 금속 존재 하에는 겔화가 가능한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 기존 방법과 비교하여 값싼 원료를 사용하며, 반응 시간도 1 min 이내로 짧아지는 장점이 있다. 본 제조법으로 얻어진 분말은 기왕에 발표된 문헌 값과 비교하면 $150^{\circ}C$ 이상 낮은 열처리 온도에서 최고의 자기적 특성을 나타냈으며, 향상된 자기적 특성을 보였다. Sr-ferrite의 경우 최대포화자화 값 74.4 emu/g, 보자력 값 6198 Oe을, Ba-ferrite의 경우도 최대포화자화 값 68.1 emu/g, 보자력 값 5155 Oe을 보였다. 이들은 기존에 발표된 문헌 값과 비교하면 각각 10%와 5% 이상 증가된 보자력 값을 나타내어, 고밀도 자기기록재료에 적합함을 확인하였다. 제조된 분말은 1차 건조 분말의 경우 3~5 nm의 입자들이 응집된 50 nm 정도의 구형입자가 생성되고, 열처리 후에는 500 nm 정도의 고른 크기를 가진 육각판상형 입자가 생성된다.