• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.488-497
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the relation of BMI to lipid metabolism and health promoting behavior in middle-aged women. Methods: The subjects were 113 women between 40 to 60 years of age. The data was collected from April 2003 to July 2004. BMI was measured using body composition analyzer and lipid metabolism were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer. Health promoting behavior was collected using a structured questionnaire. The SPSSWIN(10.0 version) program was used to analyze the data and get the descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: BMI was negatively correlated with HDL-c and positively correlated with triglyceride, but there was no significance between BMI and total cholesterol. There was no significance of correlation between BMI and total health-promoting behavior. Conclusion: This study showed that BMI is meaningful in the identification of the high risk women to prevent HDL-c & triglyceride metabolism disturbance, but additional research is needed to study the correlation between BMI and health promoting behaviors in middle-aged women.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1998

In order to compare species-specific calcium metabolism, we collected 127 species belonging to 40 different families grown on various habitats including saline, limestone, wetland during the 1996 vegetation period, and analyzed their inorganic ion contents. Plants investigated were divided into 5 groups according to their physiological properties: 1) Chenopodiaceae, Aizoaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Portulacaceae and Phytolaccaceae of Centrospermales and Polygonaceae (Polygonales had a little water-soluble $Ca^{2+}$ but contained high contents of insoluble $Ca^{2+}$ particularly as Ca-oxalate (Chenopodiaceae type), 2) Some plant species such as Rosaceae produced oxalate in amounts insufficient to precipitate all incoming $Ca^{2+}$ and thus contained a surplus of dissolved $Ca^{2+}$ (Rosaceae type), 3) The contents of water-soluble $Ca^{2+}$ in plant species of Crassulaceae. Plantaginaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Zygophyllaceae were equal to or greater than those of K ($K/Ca{\leq}1$; Crassulaceae type), and 4) K/Ca ratios of Compositae were significantly fluctuated depending on species and soil $Ca^{2+}$ level of their habitats (Compositae type). 5) Certain monocots (Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae), in contrast to the dicotyledonous plant families mentioned above, showed a very distinct type of calcium metabolism, that is, the K/Ca ratios of 8~10 were maintained indifferently in the species and their habitat types (Graminae type). These results plants within the same taxon have similar physiological aspects as weel as morphological attributes. To understand calcium metabolism of certain plant species, therefore, it is desirable to approach on the basis of physiological concept (calciotroph or calciophobe) rather than the ecological one (calcicole or calcifuge).

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.609-614
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• 2008

The concentrations and catalytic activities of enzymes control metabolic rates. Previous studies have focused on enzyme concentrations because there are no genome-wide techniques used for the measurement of enzyme activity. We propose a method for evaluating the significance of enzyme activity by integrating metabolic network topologies and genome-wide microarray gene expression profiles. We quantified the enzymatic activity of reactions and report the 388 significant reactions in five perturbation datasets. For the 388 enzymatic reactions, we identified 70 that were significantly regulated (P-value < 0.001). Thirty-one of these reactions were part of anaerobic metabolism, 23 were part of low-pH aerobic metabolism, 8 were part of high-pH anaerobic metabolism, 3 were part of low-pH aerobic reactions, and 5 were part of high-pH anaerobic metabolism.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-213
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated protein from white rice on lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing either casein or isolated rice protein for 4 weeks. Compared with rats fed a HCD with casein, the total cholesterol (TC) level in the plasma was significantly reduced in the rats fed rice protein. However, no significant differences were observed in the triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels among the experimental groups. Hepatic total lipids and TC levels were significantly decreased by supplementation with rice protein. In addition, rice protein significantly increased the levels of TC and bile acids in the feces. These results suggest that rice protein may improve HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia by enhancing fecal excretion of cholesterol.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2000

The in vitro metabolism of a new herbicide pyribenzoxim, {benzophenone O-[2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoyl]oxime} was studied using rice, barnyardgrass and rat liver microsomes. No metabolism of pyribenzoxim was observed with rice and barnyardgrass microsomes though the cvtochrome P450 was active, which was evidenced by the metabolism of cinnamic acid. With rat liver microsomes, four metabolites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were produced while parent compound decreased. M1 and M2 were from the hydrolysis reactions and NADPH-dependent metabolites were M3 and M4 (major metabolite) which were hydroxylated by cytochrome P450. They were identified as bispyribac-sodium (M1), benzophenone oxime (M2), {benzophenone O-[2,6-bis[(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]-benzoyl]oxime}(M3), and {benzophenone O-[2[(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-2l-pyrimidinyl)6-(4,.6dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoyl]oxime} (M4) through LC/MS/MS analyses. Based on the results obtained metabolic map of pyribenzoxim is proposed.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of alanine and glutamine on alcohol metabolism. The subjects were 70 male ICR mice weighing 25-30 g. The animals were raised on standard rations artier weaning. After 24 hours of fasting, all the animals were given a peritoneal injection of 20% alcohol. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups: control and experimental. Fifteen minutes after the injection of alcohol, the mice in the experimental group wer given an oral solution of alanine(5 mM, 2 g/kg B. W) and glutamine (5 mM, 2g/kg B.W). The concentration of alcohol in the blood was measured in all the mice 20 minutes after they received the alochol, and the measurements continued every 20 minutes up to 140 minutes. The experimental group sustained lower blood alcohol levels at every 20 minute time interval compared to the control group, showing that oral supplementation of alanine and glutamine increases the rate of alcohol metabolism. Furthermore, the total amount of alcohol remaining in the blood, determined by using the Area Under the Curve (AUG) method, was lower in the group supplemented with alanine and glutamine, However, the effectiveness of alanine and glutamine in increasing the rate of alcohol metabolism, compared to the control group, diminished with time throughout the experiment. In conclusion, alanine and glutamine supplementation appears to promote alcohol metabolism shorthy after alcohol intake.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was influenced by the historical background of Japanese modern architecture by the circulation of Kuma Kengo's architectural works and he wanted to look at the values and directions he was pursuing and how they were expressed in his works. The results of the review are summarized as follows. First, metabolism was developed as a reaction of modernism in modern architecture, focusing on growth through infinite reproduction by looking at architecture and cities as organisms and by using unit space as cells. Kuma Kengo, on the other hand, argues that focusing on the possibility of decimation of unit members by sequencing the elements that make up the space smaller than the unit space is closer to an ecological architecture. Second, what Kuma Kengo says is "erase the architecture" that is naturally related to the environment and disappears when its use is exhausted. His argument is expressed in individual architectural works through 'visual erase', 'particle painting of materials' and 'independence through dependency.' Through this, Kuma Kengo's ecological architectural languages were influenced by the ecological causes of metabolism, but they differed from the perspective of seeing architectural circulation as an organism. If metabolism was intended to realize circulation with growth potential based on the module of unit space, Kuma Kengo sought to implement circulation with the extinction of the unit members of space.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2022

Species are facing strong selection pressures to adapt to inhospitable high-altitude environments. Yaks are a valuable species and an iconic symbol of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Extensive studies of high-altitude adaptation have been conducted, but few have focused on metabolism. In the present study, we determined the differences in the serum metabolomics between yaks and the closely related species of low-altitude yellow cattle and dairy cows. We generated high-quality metabolite profiling data for 36 samples derived from the three species, and a clear separation trend was obtained between yaks and the other animals from principal component analysis. In addition, we identified a total of 63 differentially expressed metabolites among the three species. Functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed metabolites were related to the innate immune activation, oxidative stress-related metabolism, and energy metabolism in yaks, which indicates the important roles of metabolites in high-altitude adaptation in yaks. The results provide new insights into the mechanism of adaptation or acclimatization to high-altitude environments in yaks and hypoxia-related diseases in humans.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2022

The formation of macrophage foam cells stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is deemed an important cause of atherosclerosis. Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which is a universally expressed multifunctional protein, is closely related to cell metabolism disorders such as lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, whether YY1 is involved in macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation still remains unknown. After mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were induced by ox-LDL, YY1 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expressions were found to be increased while low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression was lowly expressed. Subsequently, through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, Oil Red O staining and cholesterol quantification, it turned out that silencing of YY1 attenuated the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 cells caused by ox-LDL. Moreover, results from the JASPAR database, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis suggested that YY1 activated PCSK9 by binding to PCSK9 promoter and modulated the expression of LDLR in the downstream of PCSK9. In addition, the results of functional experiments demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of YY1 interference on ox-LDL-mediated macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation were reversed by PCSK9 overexpression. To sum up, YY1 depletion inhibited its activation of PCSK9, thereby reducing cellular inflammatory response, cholesterol homeostasis imbalance, and lipid accumulation caused by ox-LDL.