• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2011

젖소에서 쌍태분만이 이후의 산후질병 발생, 도태, 번식능력에 대한 영향과 쌍태분만에 대한 위험요인을 조사하였다. 9개 목장 1,717 분만축의 번식, 위생 및 분만관련 상세 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 쌍태 분만율은 3.4%였으며, 임신기간은 쌍태분만 시에 단태분만 시에 비해 9일 단축되었다($270.6{\pm}2.0$ vs. $279.5{\pm}0.2$일, P < 0.01). 쌍태분만 시가 후산정체(47.5 vs. 16.0%), 대사성질병(18.6 vs. 3.8%) 및 자궁내막염의 발생(62.7 vs. 28.2%)뿐만 아니라 도태율(32.2 vs. 16.5%)이 단태분만 시에 비해 현저하게 증가되었다(P < 0.01). 쌍태분만은 분만으로부터 임신까지의 간격에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 분만계절이 영향을 미쳤는데, 즉 봄에 분만 시가 겨울에 분만 시에 비해 임신율이 감소되었으며(AHR = 0.80; P = 0.01), 또한 자궁내막염의 발생이 임신율의 감소를 초래하였다(AHR = 0.46, P < 0.01). 로지스틱 분석은 산차의 증가(P < 0.01)와 수태 전 번식호르몬의 사용(OR = 1.84, P < 0.05)이 쌍태분만의 위험요인임을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 젖소에서 쌍태분만은 산후질병 발생과 도태의 증가에 의한 심한 경제적 손실을 초래하므로, 쌍태분만에 대한 적절한 관리 및 고산차 소 및 번식호르몬 사용에 대한 적절한 통제를 통한 위험요인을 감소시키는 것이 요구된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a heavily glycosylated glycoprotein composed of non-covalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. To study the function and signal transduction of tethered recombinant-eCG (rec-eCG), a single chain eCG molecule was constructed, and the rec-eCG protein was prepared. In this study, we constructed 5 mutants (${\Delta}1$, ${\Delta}2$, ${\Delta}3$, ${\Delta}4$, and ${\Delta}5$) of rec-eCG using data about known glycoprotein hormones to analyze the role of specific follicle stimulating homone (FSH)-like activity. Three amino acids of certain specific sites were replaced with alanine. The expression vectors were transfected into CHO cells and subjected to G418 selection for 2~3 weeks. The media were collected and the quantity of secreted tethered rec-eCGs was quantified by ELISA. The LH- and FSH-like activities were assayed in terms of cAMP production by rat LH/CG and rat FSH receptors. Then, the metabolic clearance rate analyzed by the injection of rec-eCG (5 IU) into the tail vein was analyzed. The mutant eCGs (${\Delta}l$, ${\Delta}4$, and ${\Delta}5$) were transcripted, but not translated into proteins. Rec-eCG A2 was secreted in much lower amounts than the wild type. Only the rec-eCG ${\Delta}3$ ($\beta$-subunit: $Gln^{94}-Ile^{95}-Lys^{96}{\rightarrow}Ala^{94}-Ala^{95}-Ala^{96}$) was efficiently secreted. Although activity is low, its LH-like activity was similar to that of tethered $eCG{\beta\alpha}$. However, the FSH-like activity of rec-$eCG{\beta\alpha\Delta}3$ was completely flat. The result of the analysis of the metabolic clearance rate shoed the persistence of the mutant in the blood until 4 hours after the injection. After then, it almost disappeared at 8 hours. Taken together, these data suggest that 94~96 amino acid sequences in eCG $\beta$-subunit appear to be of utmost importance for signal transduction of the FSH receptor.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2003

혈액성분과 경제형질들 간의 상관관계를 규명하는 일은 한우의 능력을 예측하고 예견되는 능력에 맞추어 사양관리와 판매처를 결정할 수 있고, 기존의 종축선발 체계와 결합시킴으로서 선발의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있으므로 나름대로 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 연구는 축산기술연구소에서 사육하고 있는 한우 866두의 혈액 중 호르몬과 대사물질을 분석하여 혈액성분과 경제형질과의 표현형 상관관계를 분석하고 혈액 내 유용한 생리적인 형질을 발굴하여 능력이 우수한 개체의 조기선발 가능성 구명과 선발 기술을 개발하여 한우개량에 또 다른 방법을 제시 하고자 실시하였다. 혈청성분들과 경제형질들 간의 표현형 상관계수를 거세우와 비거세우로 구분하여 추정한 결과 혈청성분들과 도체형질들 간의 주요 상관은 다음과 같다. 24개월 출하체중과 상관도가 높은 혈청은 거세우에서는 BUN이었고 비거세우에서는 albumin과 IGF-1이었으며, 비육말기 21∼24개월령의 일당증체량과 상관도가 높은 혈청은 거세우에서는 cal-cium이었고 비거세우에서는 albumin으로 증체와 관련 있는 혈청은 거세우에서는 calcium 비거세우에서는 albumin으로 나타났다. 육질과 관련 있는 등지방 두께 및 지방교잡도와 상관도가 가장 높은 혈청은 거세우와 비거세우 모두 BUN이었고, 육량등급의 근간이 되는 육량지수와 상관도가 높은 혈청은 거세우에서는 calcium이었으며 비거세우에서는 testosterone이었으나 육질과 상관이 높은 BUN은 거세우와 비거세우 모두가 육량지수와는 음의 상관을 나타내었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2003

본 시험은 한우에서 연령에 따라 혈청성분들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 한우 866두(거세 638, 비거세 228)에 대하여 혈청 농도를 분석하여 채혈시 일령을 독립 변량으로 하고 혈청 성분들을 종속변수로 하는 다항 회귀방정식으로 추정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 거세우나 비거세우 모두 같은 차수의 회귀방정식이 접합한 혈청 성분은 IGF- I (3차식) calium(1차식) 및 IP(1차식)이었고 거세우에서는 1차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청 성분은 testosterone와 creatinine었다. 반면에 HDLC는 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하나 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 3차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 triglyceride 농도와 globulin농도 그리고 A/G비율 등이었고, 거세우에서는 3차식이 적합하고 비거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 BUN이었으며, 거세우에서는 2차식이 적합한데 비거세우에서는 1차식이 적합한 혈청성분은 TP와 albumin이었다. 한편 cortisol은 거세우나 비거세우에서 모두 3차식까지의 회귀방정식으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 적합하지 않았으며 glucose는 비거세우에서는 3차식 변화를 보이고 있으나 거세우에서는 3차식까지의 회귀방정식만으로는 연령에 따른 변화를 설명하기가 어려웠다. 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되는 혈청성분들의 회귀모형 중에서 비교적 R-SQUARE 값이 높은 것(R-SQUARE value>0.1)들은 거세우에서 ICF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등이었으며, 비거세우에서 testosterone, IGF-I, TP, albumin, glucose, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등으로 나타났다. 따라서 IGF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, HDLC 등은 거세우나 비거세우 모두에서 연령에 따라 비교적 큰 변화를 보이는 혈청 성분이라고 생각된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2017

Conditions related to body composition and aging, such as osteopenic obesity, sarcopenia/ sarcopenic obesity, and the newly termed osteosarcopenic obesity(triad of bone, muscle and adipose tissue impairment), are beginning to gain recognition. Currently, it has begun to attract the attention of scholars from all over the world, however, for this disease, it still needs a more clear understanding and perception. Therefore, this article considered the osteoporosis, muscle depression, and obesity, these diseases as a gate to study the relationship among muscle, bone, and fat. In addition, in the aging process, the formation of IGF-cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen is sensitive. These hormones can not only absorb muscle protein metabolism, but also affect alienation. The decrease in IGF-cortisol in the elderly resulted in increased visceral fat, decreased muscle mass and bone mineral density, and then affected decreased skeletal muscle atrophy and decreased quality. The reduction of skeletal muscle quality and strength and increase body fat affected the adipose tissue to produce inflammatory cytokines, thereby reduced skeletal muscle, promoted cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in chronic diseases. Almost all chronic inflammatory diseases were associated with bone, muscle and fat. These mechanisms were complex and interrelated. Inflammation reduces bone formation, increases fat and reduces muscle mass. And thus not only had a significant impact on the motor system, but also made the incidence increase of fracture, osteoporosis, fragile syndrome, fall, osteomalacia and other bone disease. This article aimed to start from the interaction between the muscles and bones of the elderly, extended to obesity, muscle deficiency, osteoporosis and other diseases, finally, from a nutritional point of view, to discuss how to treat osteoporosis obesity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, and other materials. Vitamin D3 deficiency, therefore, can cause health problems such as metabolic diseases, and bone disorder. Female sex hormones including estrogen and progesterone are biosynthesized mainly in the granulosa cells of ovary. In this study, we isolated granulosa cells from porcine ovary and cultured for the experiments. In order to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on the ovarian granulosa cells, the mRNA and protein levels of genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. The production of estrogen from the granulosa cells was also measured by the ELISA assay. Genes associated with follicle growth were not significantly altered by vitamin D3. However, it increases expression of genes involved in the estrogen-biosynthesis. Further, estrogen concentrations in porcine granulosa cell-cultured media increased in response to vitamin D3. These results showed that vitamin D3 is a powerful regulator of sex steroid hormone production in porcine granulosa cells, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may result in inappropriate sexual development of industrial animals and eventually economic loss.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2015

We studied oocyte steroidogenesis in the blackfin flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri as a region-specific species, in the East Sea of Korea during the spawning season. Maturing oocytes (0.76, 0.82, 0.88, and 0.91 mm in oocyte diameter) were incubated in vitro in the presence of [$^3H$] $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($[^3H]17{\alpha}$-OHP) as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from the incubated medium and oocytes, and the extracts were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major metabolites produced from $[^3H]17{\alpha}$-OHP were androgens [androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T)] and estrogens [$17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1)] and progestins [$17{\alpha},20{\alpha}$-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\alpha}P$) and $17{\alpha}20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$)] in maturing oocytes. The metabolic rate of $17{\alpha}20{\beta}$ was elevated (29.04%) in oocytes measuring 0.88 mm (nucleus migration stage following the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown), but was very low in oocytes measuring 0.76, 0.82, and 0.91 mm (0.42, 0.67, and 2.62%, respectively). From these results, we suggest that $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ acts as a maturation-inducing steroid in the blackfin flounder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3993-4003
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• 2013

Scientific evidence for the primary prevention of cancer caused by physical activity of regular moderate-intensity or greater is rapidly accumulating in this field. About 300 epidemiologic studies on the association between physical activity and cancer risk have been conducted worldwide. The objectives of this paper were three-fold: (i) to describe briefly the components of physical activity and its quantification; (ii) to summarize the most important conclusions available from comprehensive reports, and reviews of the epidemiologic individual and intervention studies on a role physical activity in cancer prevention; (iii) to present proposed biological mechanisms accounting for effects of activity on cancer risk. The evidence of causal linked physical activity and cancer risk is found to be strong for colon cancer - convincing; weaker for postmenopausal breast and endometrium cancers - probable; and limited suggestive for premenopausal breast, lung, prostate, ovary, gastric and pancreatic cancers. The average risk reductions were reported to be 20-30%. The protective effects of physical activity on cancer risk are hypothesized to be through multiple interrelated pathways: decrease in adiposity, decrease in sexual and metabolic hormones, changes in biomarkers and insulin resistance, improvement of immune function, and reduction of inflammation. As there are several gaps in the literature for associations between activity and cancer risk, additional studies are needed. Future research should include studies dealing with limitations in precise estimates of physical activity and of a lack of consensus on what defines sedentary behavior of individuals and those linked with the proposed biomarkers to cancer risk and controlled exercise intervention trials.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Objective : Women's obesity brings prblems not only appearance but also health which men do not have. This study was conducted to investigate the different factors of obesity between men and women. Materials and Methods : We searched papers usin key words (women, gender, and obesity) on pubmed and obesity journal. Result : Women's obesity leads to amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, abortion, and luteal phase inadequacy. Obesity induces metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, cancer, and psychophysiologic diseases. The difference in body morphology and in particular fat distribution between the sexes leads to gender-specific differences in prevalence of chronic diseases, and unique problems for each sex including infertility, problems during pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometrial carcinoma in women, and prostate and testicular cancer in men. The influence of gender on obesity is had by genetic view, hormones, pregnancy, delivery, and menopause. Conclusion : Obese women have higher risk factors than men by the influence of gender.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Since the discovery of leptin secreted from adipocytes, specialized tissues and cells have been found that secrete the several peptides (or cytokines) that are characterized to negatively and positively regulate the metabolic process. Different types of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines, which act as cytokines, are secreted from adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, respectively, and have been identified and examined for their physiological roles in humans and disease in animal models. Recently, various studies of these cytokines have been conducted in ruminants, including dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, and goat. Interestingly, a few cytokines from these tissues in ruminants play an important role in the post-parturition, lactation, and fattening (marbling) periods. Thus, understanding these hormones is important for improving nutritional management in dairy cows and beef cattle. However, to our knowledge, there have been no reviews of the characteristics of these cytokines in beef and dairy products in ruminants. In particular, lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, liver tissue, and muscle tissue are very important for energy storage, production, and synthesis, which are regulated by these cytokines in ruminant production. In this review, we summarize the physiological roles of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines in ruminants. This discussion provides a foundation for understanding the role of cytokines in animal production of ruminants.