• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Background: The biological and pharmacological effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, have been reported in various disease conditions. However, its molecular action in metabolic disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the antiadipogenic activity of BST204 resulting from its inhibition of the S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathway. Methods: The inhibitory effects of BST204 on S6K1 signaling were investigated by immunoblot, nuclear fractionation, immunoprecipitation analyses. The antiadipogenic effect of BST204 was evaluated by measuring mRNA levels of adipogenic genes and by chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Treatment with BST204 inhibited activation and nuclear translocation of S6K1, further decreasing the interaction between S6K1 and histone H2B in 10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Subsequently, phosphorylation of H2B at serine 36 (H2BS36p) by S6K1 was reduced by BST204, inducing an increase in the mRNA expression of Wnt6, Wnt10a, and Wnt10b, which disturbed adipogenic differentiation and promoted myogenic and early osteogenic gene expression. Consistently, BST204 treatment during adipogenic commitment suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes and lipid drop formation. Conclusion: Our results indicate that BST204 blocks adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through the inhibition of S6K1-mediated histone phosphorylation. This study suggests the potential therapeutic strategy using BST204 to combat obesity and musculoskeletal diseases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1497-1504
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• 2007

사람의 혈소판조절인자 (TPO)의 분비와 기능을 분석하기 위하여 사람 간 cDNA로부터 TPO cDNA를 분리하여 동물세포에서 재조합체를 생산하였다. 또한, 당쇄의 기능분석을 위하여 6개의 당쇄첨가부위를 Ala으로 치환하여 각각의 돌연변이체 재조합체도 생산하여 이들의 생리활성분석을 위하여 피하주사하여 혈소판의 증가여부를 분석하였으며, 체내 약동학검사를 위하여 꼬리 정맥에 재조합체를 주사하여 24시간까지 혈액을 채취하였다. Wild-type TPO는 효과적으로 분비하였으나, 크로닝에서 분석되어 진 116개 아미노산이 삭제된 돌연변이체는 배양상층으로 분비되지 않았다. N-linked 당쇄첨가 부위는 3번과 4번을 제외하고는 거의 비슷한 발현양상을 나타내었다. 특히 4번당쇄부위는 TPO의 분비에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 재조합체 10ng을 피하주사에 의하여 체내 혈소판이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 5ng을 이용한 약동학 분석결과 1시간에 최대로 증가하였으며 그 이후 급격하게 감소하여 10시간에는 거의 존재하지 않았다. 따라서, 이러한 연구는 고 활성을 가지는 유전자 재조합체 TPO의 생산을 가능하게 하고, 또한 새로운 분자의 TPO를 가능하게 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.318-326
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• 2002

The pathogenic marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus is the causative agent of food-borne diseases such as life-threatening septicemia. To better understand this organism's strategies to survive osmotic stress, a mutant that was more sensitive to high osmolarity was screened from a library of mutants constructed by a random transposon mutagenesis. By a transposon-tagging method, putAP genes encoding a proline dehydrogenase and a proline permease were identified and cloned from V. vulnificus. The amino acid sequences deduced from nucleotide sequences of putAP from V. vulnificus were 38 to $59\%$ similar to those of PutA and PutP reported from other Enterobacteriaceae. Functions of putAP genes were assessed by the construction of mutants, whose putAP genes were inactivated by allelic exchanges. When proline as the sole carbon or nitrogen source was used, the putA mutant was not able to grow to the substantial level, revealing the proline dehydrogenase is the only enzyme for metabolic conversion of proline into other amino acids. Although the growth rate of the putP mutant on proline as the sole carbon or nitrogen source was significantly reduced, the mutant still grew. This indicated that at least one more proline permease is produced by V. vulnificus. The putP mutant decreased approximately $2-log_10$ CFU/ml after a hyperosmotic challenge, while the parent strain decreased approximately $l-log_10$ CFU/ml. This result suggests that the gene product of putP contributes to the osmotic tolerance of V. vulnificus.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

Objectives : It is known that abdominal obesity increases the possibility of cardiovascular diseases, early death, and metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Clinical trials have been under way to verify the effectiveness of treatment for abdominal obesity. The objective of this study is to set criteria about how effective oriental medicine and acupuncture are in abdominal obesity. Methods : I manually search "www.clinicaltrial.gov", 4 Korean medical databases and 4 Korean medical journals of abdominal obesity. Search terms used were "abdominal obesity" or "visceral obesity". In order to see detail review, searching was performed from 01, 01, 2005 to 11, 31, 2009. And I classified all the searched studies into design, intervention, purpose, end point, diseases, condition and etc. Results : 1. I could search total 67 trials in "www.clinicaltrial.gov". I found 9, 10, 13, 8, 6 clinical trial from 2005 to 2009 every year. 2. Test on both gender and adult or adult and senior have been most frequent. 3. Randomization clinical trial is 51 cases that occupied 96.2%. 38 cases use control group. 4. Body mass index(BMI) and waist circunference(WC) are major criteria of abdominal obesity clincal trial. WC, BMI, abdominal fat mass, body weight are measured at end point of abdominal obesity clincal trial. 5. I could search total 86 cases in domestic study. I found 15, 23, 23, 20, 5 cases from 2005 to 2009 every year. 6. Test on female and adult have been most frequent in domestic study. 7. Randomization clincal trial is only 2 cases that occupied 2.3%. 62 cases use control group in domestic study. 8. BMI, body fat percent, WC, visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio(VSR), waist-hip ratio(WHR) are criteria of abdominal obesity clincal trial in domestic study. WC, BMI, abdominal fat mass, body weight are measured at end point of abdominal obesity clincal trial in domestic study. Conclusions : To improve abdominal obesity study in traditional korean medicine, it is need to activate clinical trial, meta analysis, develope of clinical practice guidelines, co-works with conventional medicine and etc.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

수소생산 유효세균을 유지하기 위해 열처리한 혐기소화슬러지를 접종원으로 하여 PVA 담체를 활용한 고정화와 비고정화 방법에 의한 수소생산능 및 세균 군집을 비교분석 하였다. 고정화에 의한 수소생산성은 비고정화 방법과 비교하여 수소생산성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 고정화 방법은 유기물 분해결과 발생하는 유기산 축적 및 pH 강하 등의 환경변화에 있어 세균의 성장과 활성에 안정적 환경을 제공할 수 있는 가능성을 나타내었다. DGGE 분석에 의한 세균군집분석에서는 비고정화와 고정화 반응조간에 형성된 세균군집이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대적으로 고정화 반응조내의 유효 수소생산 세균 군집이 좀 더 안정적으로 유지되는 것으로 확인되었다. Droplet digital PCR에 의한 6종의 유효한 수소생산 세균 절대정량 분석결과, encapsulation에 관계없이 두 반응기에서의 우점세균수는 유사하였다. Firmicutes, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Ruminococcus 및 Escherichia가 $1{\times}10^5-1{\times}10^6$ copy number of ml-sample 수준에서 존재하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

A1E is an extract from traditional Asian medicinal plants that has therapeutic activities against cancers, metabolic disease, and other intractable conditions. However, its mechanism of action on cervical cancer has not been studied. In order to ascertain if A1E would have pronounced anti-cervical cancer effect, cervical cancer cells were incubated with A1E and apoptosis was detected by nuclear morphological changes, annexin V-FITC/PI staining, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of human papiloma virus E6 and E7 oncogenes was down-regulated in A1E-treated cervical cancer cells, while p53 and retinoblastoma protein levels were enhanced. A1E also perturbed cell cycle progression at sub-G1 and altered cell cycle regulatory factors in SiHa cervical cancer cells. A1E activated apoptotic intrinsic pathway markers such as caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. A1E induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and cytochrome c release, and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, key factors involved in cell survival signaling. Taken all these results, A1E induced apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt survival-signaling pathway in SiHa cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, A1E exerts anti-proliferative action growth inhibition on cervical cancer cells through apoptosis which demonstrates its anti-cervical cancer properties.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

This field study investigated the effects of dystocia on the postpartum complications, milk production, and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows. Calving difficulty was scored on a rank scale of 1 to 5. Cows with a calving score of three or higher were judged to have dystocia. The cows (n = 565) were categorized based on the presence (n = 61) or absence (n = 504, control) of dystocia. The incidence of retained placenta (45.9% vs. 16.3%), metritis (39.3% vs. 17.1%), endometritis (47.5% vs. 16.3%) and pyometra (9.8% vs. 1.2%) were greater in cows from the dystocia group than those from the control group (p < 0.0001); however, there was no difference in the incidence of metabolic disorders (32.8% vs. 31.0%) between the two groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of culling was higher in cows from the dystocia group (26.2%) than in those from the control group (14.5%, p < 0.05). During the 5-month postpartum period, milk production was lower (p < 0.05) in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. Furthermore, the hazard of insemination by 150 days in milk (DIM) was lower in cows from the dystocia group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, p < 0.005) than in those from the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for the probability of pregnancy after the first artificial insemination was 0.36 times (p < 0.05) higher in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. The hazard of pregnancy by 360 DIM was lower in cows from the dystocia group (HR = 0.45, p = 0.0001) than in those from the control group. In conclusion, dystocia resulted in increased postpartum complications, and decreased milk production and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows, leading to increased culling.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2006

Heterotrophic biomass yield coefficients, $Y_H$, for aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic reactors were successfully estimated for the two wastewater treatment plants, where one plant was operating in the $A^2/O$ process and the other was operating in the 4-stage BNR process. The estimation of $Y_H$ was undertaken by plotting the biomass COD concentrations versus the soluble COD concentrations in order to calculate the ${\Delta}biomass$ COD/ ${\Delta}soluble$ COD in each batch reactor. The batch reactors employed in this study were fed by filtered influent and mixed liquors in the ratio of 10:1, and operated in the aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions, which represented the actual operating conditions for the $A^2/O$ and 4-stage BNR process. The average $Y_H$ values of the aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic reactor for the $A^2/O$ process were 0.52, 0.41 and 0.18 mg COD/mg COD, respectively, and those for the 4-stage BNR process were 0.58, 0.40 and 0.20 mg COD/mg COD, respectively. The average ratio of the $Y_H$ for aerobic reactors to those for the anoxic reactors were about 1:0.79 for the $A^2/O$ process, and about 1:0.69 for the 4-stage BNR process. The experimental method for anoxic and anaerobic $Y_H$ estimation shown in this study has turned out to be simple and efficient in its practical application.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Objectives: Osteoporosis, which occurs after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically, and its main symptoms are bone fracture and height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Cuscutae Semen Extract(CSE) has on the prevention of osteoporosis in SD-rat that is caused by ovariectomy. Methods: The 24 female white rats, after removing their ovaries, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, and the CSE administrated group. For the next 8 weeks, distilled water to the normals and the control, and the CSE(45.9 mg/100 g) to the CSE administrated group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. Weight, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphorus, calcium, tetraiodothyronine, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, and the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: The serum analysis shows that the calcium and phosphorous of the CSE administrated group significantly increased compared to that of the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, total cholesterol, tetraiodothyronine of CSE group were decreased, but not so significant. Albumin, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and estradiol of the group showed the tendency to increase, but the significance wasn't admitted. Regarding the variation of bone, the femur weight and the ash content of tibia, CSE group was more increased than the control group but the significance wasn't admitted. The histological observation shows that the trabecular thickness was more increased than the control group, and trabecular area increased significantly compared to those of the control group. The number of osteoclast and osteoblast area of the CSE groups decreased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: From the result of the above study, CSE should be effective for the osteoporosis cure and precaution and deeper study through bedside and clinical demonstration is much needed from now on.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2015

본 연구는 대두 부산물인 순물과 침지수가 고지방 식이에 의해 비만이 유도된 마우스의 지방 제거에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 침지수가 포함된 일반 사료를 섭이한 실험군의 체중 및 간과 부고환 지방 조직 내 지방 축적은 현저히 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 복부 내 내장 지방과 피하지방도 크게 발달하지 않은 것으로 나타나 침지수는 체내 축적된 지방량을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 침지수 식이군의 혈중 AST와 ALT의 활성은 대조군 수준으로 유지되었으며, 콜레스테롤 함량과 중성 지질 농도가 감소되는 것으로 나타나 침지수가 고지방 식이로 인한 혈중 효소 활성과 지질농도를 개선하는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 침지수는 metabolic sensor 단백질인 AMPK와 ACC의 인산화를 촉진시켜 체내 지방산 산화에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 침지수는 복부 내 피하지방과 내장지방의 축적을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 대두 부산물 중 침지수는 비만이 유도된 마우스의 혈중 지질 함량을 개선할 뿐만 아니라 체내 조직의 지방 축적을 완화시키거나 제거하는 데 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.