• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.303-322
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• 2007

This study is to investigate student's processes of problem solving using open-ended Geometric problems to understand student's thinking and behavior. One 8th grader participated in performing her learning in 5 lessons for June in 2006. The result of the study was documented according to Polya's four problem solving stages as follows: First, the student tended to neglect the stage of "understanding" a problem in the beginning. However, the student was observed to make it simplify and relate to what she had teamed previously Second, "devising a plan" was not simply done. She attempted to solve the open-ended problems with more various ways and became to have the metacognitive knowledge, leading her to think back and correct her errors of solving a problem. Third, in process of "carrying out" the plan she controled her solving a problem to become a better solver based on failure of solving a problem. Fourth, she recognized the necessity of "looking back" stage through the open ended problems which led her to apply and generalize mathematical problems to the real life. In conclusion, it was found that the student enjoyed her solving with enthusiasm, building mathematical belief systems with challenging spirit and developing mathematical power.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

This paper shows a reinforcement post-processing method and feedback algorithm for improvement of assigning method in classification. Especially, we focused on complex documents that are generally considered to be hard to classify. A basis factors in traditional classification system are training methodology, classification models and features of documents. The classification problem of the documents containing shared features and multiple meanings, should be deeply mined or analyzed than general formatted data. To address the problems of these document, we proposed a method to expand classification scheme using decision boundary detected automatically in our previous studies. The assigning method that a document simply decides to the top ranked category, is a main factor that we focus on. In this paper, we propose a post-processing method and feedback algorithm to analyze the relevance of ranked list. In experiments, we applied our post-processing method and one time feedback algorithm to complex documents. The experimental results show that our system does not need to change the classification algorithm itself to improve the accuracy and flexibility.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.90-99
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• 2007

Arts is the expression of reasoning and conscious life of human and arouse human the concept of existence, utmost emotion and excellent thoughts. Also it makes humans life very abundant. I make it come first to get rid of the art thirst on the opposite sight of technical one for hair as on part of humans body. Next purpose is that to confirm the esthetic value of 'hair arts' by solidify the academic ground of beauty arts through creating 'hair arts' works and learning and make the direction for the beauty industry and education of the next generation. In this study I investigated the Greek myth(the background and develop)and the hair styles of ancient Greek Goddesses. On the basis of that symbols I elaborated hair formative works made of metal and studied, analyzed and displayed that. Work No.1 'Aphrodite' is the sculpture showing the win of love which animated. I formed it very active and vigorous. Next 'Birth of Venus', No.2, involves fineness and freshness. 'Fear of Medusa', the third piece, displays the very second when medusa was executed as a beautiful and active scene not a scary one. And lastly in 'Lovely Medusa' Medusa finally find the stability and it was expressed her beautiful and shining hair. So this study conducted based on the concept of practical hair and have made efforts to be close to theoretical manufacturing research needed at making hair arts works and academic one needed at organic design composition for pioneering new field, 'art hair.' I hope these 'hair arts' works make creativity of the practise hair alive. It will be very thankful to me if this study can help even though slightly for splendid beauty arts to make its status firm as a one part of arts, and there are following studies.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of a CT-CPS(Computational Thinking-based Creative Problem Solving) instructional model on the cognitive and the affective area of middle school students' software class. To achieve our goal, we explored theoretical background and designed a lesson plan based on CT-CPS instructional model. Then we analyzed our experimental results after applying the lesson plan to middle school students. We performed our experiment to an experimental group by using our CT-CPS instructional model-based lesson plans, and we carried out three pre and post tests about cognitive and affective area, i.e. creative problem solving ability, meta cognition and motivation of learning. As a result, most of the test factors were statistically improved, so the effectiveness of the CT-CPS instructional model on the cognitive and the affective area of middle school students' software class was verified.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.289-297
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose accurate classification method of an EEG signals during a mental tasks. In the experimental task, subjects achieved through the process of responding to visual stimulus, understanding the given problem, controlling hand motions, and select a key. To recognize the subjects' selection time, we analyzed with 4 types feature from the filtered brain waves at frequency bands of $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\theta$, $\gamma$ waves. From the analysed features, we construct specific rules for each subject meta rules including common factors in all subjects. In this system, the architecture of the neural network is a three layered feedforward networks with one hidden layer which implements the error back propagation learning algorithm. Applying the algorithms to 4 subjects show 87% classification success rates. In this paper, the proposed detection method can be a basic technology for brain-computer-interface by combining with discrimination methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4228-4247
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• 2018

Many methods have been developed for the vehicles to create clusters in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Usually, nodes are vehicles in the VANETs, and they are dynamic in nature. Clusters of vehicles are made for making the communication between the network nodes. Cluster Heads (CHs) are selected in each cluster for managing the whole cluster. This CH maintains the communication in the same cluster and with outside the other cluster. The lifetime of the cluster should be longer for increasing the performance of the network. Meanwhile, lesser the CH's in the network also lead to efficient communication in the VANETs. In this paper, a novel algorithm for clustering which is based on the social behavior of Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) for VANET named as Intelligent Clustering using Gray Wolf Optimization (ICGWO) is proposed. This clustering based algorithm provides the optimized solution for smooth and robust communication in the VANETs. The key parameters of proposed algorithm are grid size, load balance factor (LBF), the speed of the nodes, directions and transmission range. The ICGWO is compared with the well-known meta-heuristics, Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) for clustering in VANETs. Experiments are performed by varying the key parameters of the ICGWO, for measuring the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. These parameters include grid sizes, transmission ranges, and a number of nodes. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of optimization of number of cluster with respect to transmission range, grid size and number of nodes. ICGWO selects the 10% of the nodes as CHs where as CLPSO and MOPSO selects the 13% and 14% respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed the integrated education program of informatics and math for solving problem using EPL. We applied a integrated math curriculum with EPL and analyzed mathematical thinking and attitude to the 3rd and 5th students. We used mathematical thinking test, mathematical attitude test and interview through student review. We also analyzed data of observers who are elementary school teachers. The results of test are as follows; First, we found effective points of meta-cognition and visualization of thought in solving the mathematical problem using Scratch. Second, mathematical thinking and attitude showed the result that 3rd grade students are more increased than 5th grade students in pre and post t-test of the mathematical. Consequently, we expect that the integrated education program of informatics and math using EPL can be applied to solve problem in math effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2002

This quasi-experimental study was done to test the effects of meta-memory enhancing program for elderly women. Data were collected 12 to 30, August 2002 from 34elderly women over 65 years living in Busan city. Subjects were 15 of experimental group and 19 of control group. The metamemory enhancing program was developed by five sessions composing of 1.5-2.0 hours one session. In experiment group, this program was performed for three weeks, twice per week. The degrees of four memory performance tasks were measured using instrument of Elderly Verbal Learning Test(Choi Kyung Mi, 1988) and Face Recognition Instrument(Min Hye Sook, 1999) and the metamemory were measured using MIA questionnaire(Dixon et al., 1988). Research results are as following. 1. After participating in five times memory training programs, experimental group has the significant increase of metamemory in comparison with control group.(t=59.58, p< 0.0001). In particular, the concepts of strategy(t=20.44, p< 0.0001), achievement (t=21.94, p< 0.0001), and locus degree (t=59.58, p< 0.0001) among sub-concepts of the metamemory are increasing significantly. 2. After participating in five time memory training programs, the degree of immediate word recall(t=17.25, p< 0.0001) and face recognition(t=16.69, p< 0.0001) among four memory tasks in experimental group are increasing significantly compared with those measures of control group. Considering this results, this metamemory enhancing program was found as an effective nursing program for metamemory improvement of elderly women's memory.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.571-591
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of mathematical discourse about the length in the class that learns the length of the curve defined by definite integral. For this purpose, this study examined the discourse about length by paying attention to the usage of the word 'length' in the class participants based on the communicative approach. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the word 'length' is used in three usages - colloquial, operational, and structural usage - in the process of communicating with the discourse participants. Particularly, each participant did not recognize the difference even though they used different usage words, and this resulted in ineffective communication. This study emphasizes the fact that the difference in usage of words used by participants reduces the effectiveness of communication. However, if discourse participants pay attention to the differences of these usages and recognize that there are different discourses, this study suggests that meta - level learning can be possible by overcoming communication discontinuities and resolving conflicts.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest didactical principles for using mathematical teaching aids and to applicate didactical principles in a relation with curriculum. First, we meta-analyzed related literature to suggest didactical principles for using mathematical teaching aids. And we suggested didactical principles as follows: principle of activities, principle of instruments, principle of learning. Using mathematical teaching aids with didactical principles in mind would help avoiding situations in which mathematical teaching aids are only used as interesting tools. Second, we concretized the meaning to applicate didactical principles and use mathematical teaching aids in a relation with curriculum. We considered domain, key concept, function, achievement standard, which were presented in the curriculum of mathematics, and suggested concrete activities. Third, we produced two designs for lessons on incenter and circumcenter of triangle and linear function's graph using mathematical teaching aids.