• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.270-277
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• 2015

There is a lack of evidence on the impact of pharmacist interventions in diabetes care in South Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pharmacist counseling on clinical and humanistic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. An uncontrolled before-and-after study was conducted at the outpatient diabetes clinic in a teaching hospital in Gyeongnam, South Korea between January 2 and November 30, 2014. A total of 37 patients were enrolled. During the study periods, the participants and pharmacists met every 2 weeks via follow-up telephone calls in addition to face-to-face meetings upon returning for care visit. At each meeting, a structured patient counseling was performed and the average duration of each meeting was 15~30 minutes. The participants were requested to record daily self-care activities. At the end of this study, patients' satisfaction on pharmacist care was evaluated using the questionnaire developed by us. Compared to baseline, significant reductions (mean${\pm}$standard deviation, p<0.05) in HbA1c were observed at each follow-up period: $-0.32{\pm}0.72%$ from baseline to 3 months; $-0.52{\pm}0.76%$ from baseline to 6 months; $-0.72{\pm}0.76%$ from baseline to 9 months. Over the same follow-up period, the proportions of patients achieving target HbA1c (defined as HbA1c<6.5%) were 3.1%, 10.3%, and 20%, respectively. The proportions of patients who never missed a dose during the same follow-up period were 43.8%, 31.0%, and 20.0%, respectively. The results from the patient satisfaction survey indicated that pharmacist counseling improved patients' knowledge about diabetes and possible drug interactions. Especially, the information on a healthy diet and lifestyle was the most satisfying. To conclude, follow-up telephone calls combined with face-to-face meetings improved clinical and humanistic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 1987

The author isolated high cellulolytic fungi from natural sources and determined optimal condition of protoplast formation and fusion as fundamental step for improvement of the isolated it's cellulolytic ability. Three different cellulolytic fungi, such as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp., were isolated from soil. Their cellulolytic activities were compared with that of Aspergillus niger which was useful industrially and had cellulase activity. It was Aspergillus sp. that showed the highest activity of all these four fungi. And then it was followed by Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus niger in order. An auxotrophic mutant of Aspergillus sp. was obtained by UV mutagenesis method. Having try to produce protoplast from mycelia, the author found that ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, at pH 6.0, was effective cell-wall lytic enzyme. And the optimal concentration of this enzyme was 5,000 unit/ml. Regeneration rates of wild type, met. auxotroph and arg. auxotroph, in presence of osmotic stabilizer, were 7. 0%, 7. 5% and 5.2%, respectively. PEG with M.W. 6,000 was effective stimulator for protoplast fusion in the concentration of 30% (W IV). In such a condition, we obtained 1.2% cell fusion rate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.345-354
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of Korean red ginseng extract through transcriptomics in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. The db/db mice were randomly divided into six groups: diabetic control group (DC), red ginseng extract low dose group (RGL, 100 mg/kg), red ginseng extract high dose group (RGH, 200 mg/kg), metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), glipizide group (GPZ, 15 mg/kg) and pioglitazone group (PIO, 30 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. At the end of treatment, we measured blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). RGL-treated group lowered the blood glucose and HbA1c levels by 19.6% and 11.4% compared to those in diabetic control group. In addition, plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in RGL-treated groups were increased by 20% and 12%, respectively, compared to those in diabetic control. Morphological analyses of liver, pancreas and epidydimal adipose tissue were done by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon levels were detected by double-immunofluorescence staining. RGL-treated group revealed higher insulin contents and lower glucagon contents compared to diabetic control. To elucidate an action mechanism of Korean red ginseng, DNA microarray analyses were performed in liver and fat tissues, and western blot and RT-PCR were conducted in liver for validation. According to hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of gene expression Korean red ginseng treated groups were close to metformin treated group. In summary, Korean red ginseng lowered the blood glucose level through protecting destruction of islet cells and shifting glucose metabolism from hepatic glucose production to glucose utilization and improving insulin sensitivity through enhancing plasma adiponectin and leptin levels.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.992-1000
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• 2022

Heritage buildings (HBs) as structures with historical and architectural relevance that form an integral part of contemporary society. HBs deserve to be protected for as long as possible to retain their significance. Therefore, prioritizing HB maintenance management (HBMM) is pertinent. However, the decision-making process of HBMM can be relatively daunting. The decision-making challenge may be attributed to the multiple 'stakeholders' expectation and requirement which needs to be met. To this end, professionals in the built environment have identified the need to apply the strategic concept of facilities management (FM) in decision making. However, studies exploring the application of FM in decision-making seem lacking. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on developing a framework for strategic decision-making HBMM, which helps achieve HBMM sustainability. At the study's inception, relevant works of literature in the domains of HBMM and FM were conducted. This review helped identify contemporary maintenance practices and their applicability to HBMM. Afterward, a conceptual framework to aid decision-making in HBMM was developed. This framework integrated the concept of FM scope (people, place, process, and technology) while ensuring that decisions and plans were made at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The conceptual framework presents a holistic guide for professionals in HBMM to ensure that decision processes and outcomes are practical and efficient. It also contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the integration of FM in HBMM. Furthermore, it will help achieve HB sustainability through an effective decision-making process.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2023

Background: This study investigated the effects of face-to-face and non-face-to-face McKenzie exercises and elastic band strengthening exercises on falls and fitness in older adults. Methods: A total of 44 subjects were divided into a face-to-face group (FG; n=22) and a non-face-to-face group (NFG; n=22) who met older adults. Both groups used McKenzie exercises and strength training with elastic bands The fall efficacy scale (K-FES) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Pro were used to compare the senior fitness test (SFT). Results: No significant differences were detected between the two groups before the intervention; however, a significant difference was noted in the K-FES scores after the intervention. The change in HbA1c after the intervention was not statistically significant in the FG or the NFG, and no significant difference was detected between the two groups. The change in lower limb muscle strength in the elderly physical fitness test showed no significant difference between the two groups before or after the intervention. The change in upper limb flexibility after the intervention was not significantly different in the FG or NFG, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. The change in the 3-meter round-trip test after the intervention was significantly different in both the FG and NFG groups, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The change in the grip strength test of the dominant hand showed no significant difference after the intervention in the FG or the NFG, and the difference between the FG and NFG groups was not statistically significant. The dominant foot external standing after the intervention was significantly improved in the FG, but no significant difference was detected in the NFG, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that FG and NFG McKenzie exercises and elastic band strengthen exercises were equally effective at preventing falls and improving fitness in older adults.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 1995

The radical centers detected in the reaction of metmyoglobin (MetMb) with hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) have been studied by using a spin trapping technique. A broad 5-line asymmetric electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum, with $2A_{max}=4.07\;mT$ and $2A_{min}=2.97\;mT$, obtained after incubation of MetMb with $H_2O_2$ in the presence of a spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was gradually weakened with time and disappeared completely by 6 min after addition of guanidine-HCl (14 M). When a higher concentration (6 M) of the agent was added, the signal disappeared within 40 see and the DMPO/OH signal appeared immediately. Then, a new 8-line signal with similar intensities grew gradually and was fixed by 45 min, coexisting with the DMPO/OH signal. This new signal was found to be composite, consisting of two different radical species. One of the 6-line signals, with $a_N$ 1.49 mT and $a_H$ 0.988 mT, was assigned to the DMPO/phenoxyl radical adduct. The second 6-line signal with $a_N$ 1.55 mT and $a_H$ 2.22 mT was assigned to carbon-centered radical adduct. When 3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolin-N-oxide (TMPO), was employed in the place of DMPO, another broad asymmetric 5-line signal was detected with $2A_{max}=3.99\;mT$ and $2A_{min}=3.04\;mT$, which is virtually identical to that obtained from the DMPO system The shape of the spectrum of the TMPO adduct changed drastically, with lapse of time resulting in a broad singlet after 40 min. The broad singlet was assigned to the porphyrin radical adduct. Incubation of globin with Fenton reagent in the presence of DMPO initially gave a DMPO/OH signal. Then, a new 12-line signal began to grow after one minute and fixed after 15 min. coexisting with the DMPO/OH signal, This 12-line signal was assigned to DMPO/phenoxyl with $a_N$ 1.47 mT, $a_{{\beta}H}$ 0.99 mT and $a_{{\gamma}H}$ 0.13 mT. A minor concentration of carbon-centered radical adduct was also detected. This radical composition is identical to that of guanidine HCl treated MetMb/DMPO/$H_2O_2$ system, indicating that the radical producing conditions are somehow common in both systems. Heme iron can be released by excess $H_2O_2$ in the MetMb/$H_2O_2$ system, providing for Fenton reagent. When MetMb was pretreated with tyrosine blocking agent, $KI_3$ the broad 5.line MetMb-derived signal was not detected in the MetMb/DMPO/$H_2O_2$ system, whereas no such effect was detected on such system of Hb in which the radical center was assigned to cysteine residue not tyrosine, indicating that tyrosine residue is a main radical center produced in the MetMb/$H_2O_2$ system Thus, the present data strongly support the previous indication that the apomyoglobin-derived radical center formed in the reaction of MetMb with $H_2O_2$ is a tyrosine residue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2004

The Korea chinese chives are a major edible vegetable and they are traditionally been used as a folk medicine. However recently studies on the Allium tuberosum are mainly on the morphological property and the chemical constituent. There are no reports concerning hematological changes in dogs administrated ethyl acetate extracts of Korea chinese chive. This experiment was conducted to investigate the hematological changes in dogs administrated ethyl acetate extracts of the Korea chinese chives($5m{\ell}/mg$) for 6 days. During administration blood samples were collected at 3h, 6h, 12h and then on daily basis until day 6. Blood samples were analyzed red blood cell(RBC), packed cell volume(PCV), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscularl hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), reduced glutathion(GSH), and met-hemoglobin concentration. The RBC count was significantly(p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased during experimental periods. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration were not showed significantly difference during experimental periods. The MCV was significantly(p<0.01, p<0.05) increased from 3 hours after administration to day 4. The MCHC was significantly(p<0.05)decreased on day 6. GSH concentration was not showed significant difference during experimental periods and the met-hemoglobin concentration was significantly(p<0.05) increased on day 3.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-26
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• 2008

목적 : 홍삼약침(藥鍼)이 고혈당 및 지질대사장애에 미치는 개선효과와 그 기전을 조사하고자 한다. 방법 : 홍삼약침(藥鍼)의 anti-diabetic 활성과 그 기전을 C57BL/KsJ db/db mice를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험 동물은 대조군(DC), 홍삼약침(藥鍼)군(RGL, RGH) 및 양성대조군(MET, GPZ, PIO)의 6군으로 나누었다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)군은 $0.2m{\ell}$의 홍삼약침멸(藥鍼滅)을 각각 100mg/kg(RGL) 및 200mg/kg(RGH)씩 인체의 간유(肝兪)($BL_{18}$)에 상응하는 혈위에 1일 1회 10주간 좌우 혈을 번갈아가며 약침 시술하였다. 양성대조군은 metformin 300mg/kg(MET), glipizide 15mg/kg(GPZ) 및 pioglitazone 30mg/kg(PIO)을 각각 1일 1회 10주간 경구투여 하였다. 체중과 혈당은 매주 측정하였다. 실험 10주 후에는 혈액채취로 혈중 glucose, 당화혈색소(HbAlc), insulin, 중성지방(TG), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)를 측정 하였고, 간 조직을 채취하여 조직학적 검사 및 gene expression 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL, RGH)은 10주 동안 C57BL/KsJ db/db mice의 체중을 증가시키는 부작용은 나타나지 않았다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)군(RGL, RGH)의 사료섭취량은 대조군과 비슷하였으나 음수량은 증가하였다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL, RGH)은 대조군에 비하여 각각 19.8% 및 18.3% 혈당을 낮추었고, 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL)은 insulin resistance를 27.7% 감소시켰으며, 경구내당능 검사의 혈중 glucose에서는 대조군에 비해 홍삼약침(藥鍼)군(RGL, RGH)과 양성대조군(MET, GPZ, PIO)에서 각각 19.8%, 18.3%, 67.7%, 52.3% 및 56.9% 감소시켰다. 당화혈색소(HbAlc)는 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL, RGH), MET, GPZ 및 PIO군에서 대조군에 비하여 각각 11.0%, 6.4%, 18.9%, 16.1% 및 27.9% 감소시켰으며, 혈중 glucose감소와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL)은 대조군에 비해 TG와 NEFA를 각각 18.8% 및 16.8% 감소시켰고, adiponectin과 leptin을 각각 20.6% 및 12.1% 증가시켰다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL, RGH)은 중성지방의 침착으로 인한 간의 질량비 증가를 억제하지 못하였으나, 지방구를 감소시겼음을 관찰할 수 있었다. Microarray 분석에서는 홍삼약침(藥鍼)(RGL, RGH)이 간에서 glycolysis, gluconeogenesis 및 fatty acid beta-oxidation과 관련된 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 양성대조군 metformin과 유사한 기전을 나타내었다. 요약 : 홍삼약침(藥鍼)은 T2DM동물모델(C57BL/KsJ db/db mice)에서 항당뇨 및 지질대사 개선활성이 있었다. 홍삼약침(藥鍼)은 C57BL/KsJ db/db mice의 간조직에서 lipogenesis억제 및 fatty acid beta-oxidation활성을 통해 혈당 이용을 높이고, insulin sensitivity를 향상시켰다. 또한 유전자 발현분석을 통해 그 기전이 metformin과 유사함을 확인할 수 있었으므로 향후 홍삼약침(藥鍼)의 새로운 약침 기술 개발 근거가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.307-317
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of Internet-based intervention programs for adults with diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis of studies conducted since 2000. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of research papers published in domestic and overseas journals from January 2000 to December 2015, and selected 9 papers that met the analysis criteria. Data analysis was performed using the open source statistical software R 3.5.0, to analyze the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions on experimental and control groups. Results: The analysis showed that intervention programs for controlling HbA1c levels in adult patients with diabetes most commonly comprised 7 sessions on Internet-based management (77.8%), and the most common frequency of application of intervention programs was 4 session in 6 months (33.4%). The present meta-analysis revealed statistically significant effects of Internet-based intervention activities (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI 0.45-1.40). The analysis of the effect size according to the intervention period showed that the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month interventions reported in eight studies (89%) had a high effect on the Internet-based intervention group. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of Internet-based intervention programs for adult patients with diabetes. The need for research on the utilization of Internet-based intervention programs for the steady management of diabetes, a chronic disease; for the development of specific guidelines for intervention activities; and for establishing appropriate protocols are acknowledged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 1997

This study was performed from March to June 1994 in ANsung Medical Center. We investigated serum components of 78 diabetics in the center, in addition to the nutrient intake status and anthrophometric status of 60 diabetics among them. We separated the latter into 2 groups(ⅰ) less tan 5 years of diabetic duration and ⅱ) more than 6 years of diabetic duration) and analyzed the clinical characteristics of each group. The results are as follows : \circled1 The average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1 and 58.9 years, respectively. The average diabetic duration of male subjects was 4.8 years and that of female subjects was 5.9 . The major occupational field of both male and female subjects was agriculture(33.3%, 36.1%). 50% of male and 75% of female subject's monthly incomes were less than 600, 000 won and 75% of male and 94.4% of female subjects had weekly food expense less than 40, 000 won. The nutrient intake status of the subjects was lower than RDA on the whole. There was no big differences between 2 the male groups of different diabetic duration , but calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron and Vit B$_1$intakes of the above 6 year female group were appearently higher than those of the under 5 year female group (p<0.05). There were different intake tendencies between male and female subjects . For females. the longer the diabetic duration, the less intakes of calorie, protein , fat carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron Vit B$_1$, Vit B$_2$, and niacin were observed. Furthermore, the longer the diabetic duration in females , the more intakes of energy and nutrients, except Vit C were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were 155mg/dl and 164mg/dl and Postprandial glucose levels were 242mg/dl and 247mg/dl for males and females respectively. Hb of both males and females , and Ht of males met the lower limit of normal status, The serum TG level was higher than normal , so that they seemed to suffer from hyperlipidemia ; their high HbAIC status indicated that the management of diabetes mellitus was poor. The total protein level of female subject was higher when compared with that of males(p<0.05). All subjects blood pressure were higher than normal , and the longer the diabetic duration, the higher was the blood pressure. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the above 6 year group male subjects were lower(p<0.05) than those of the under 5 year male group subjects, and the former group's systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of the latter(p<0.05). Levels of serum total protein, albumin and TG of the above 6 year female group were lower than those of the under 5 year female group(p<0.05). As the diabetic duration was extended, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels showed a tendency to increase, while Hb, Ht, total protein, albumin, and A/G, which represent the nutrients state of iron and protein, were inclined to decrease. This result showed that serum lipid components went bad. To summarize the results, the longer the diabetic duration, the worse were the male subjects nutrient intake status, but those of the female subjects were good. With respect to serum components and serum lipid subjects Fe, protein, nutrition status and serum lipid component got worse as the diabetic duration was extended , implying the possibility of diabetes mellitus complication grows.