• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 1989

To establish a lawn Zoysia japonica Steud with seeds a win of experiments were conducted for the investigation of seedling root system. The results m summarized m follows; Zoysia japonica and maize elongated mesocotyle in germinating stage. but rye and barley did not. The mesocotyle of Z. japonica seed pushed the elongating coleoptile up throngh the soil, hence could emerge from more deeply planted. The crown roots of Z japonica originated from the coleoptile node. The crown roots of barley originated from the first foliage led node.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 1994

The term underground stem is not used correctly as mesocotyle that is the first internode of barley, wheat and rye. Mesocotyle does not elongate and it remain in the seed in case of these crops. The elongated stem is second internode of these crops and not mesocotyle but rhizome or underground stem. The node on which the underground stem is attached is coleoptile node and coleptile is attached here. The objective of this study was to determine if the depth of sowing affect the coleoptile length and plant height. The deeper sowing caused the longer coleoptile length and plant height. Coleoptile length and plant height of 2cm depth of sowing showed significant difference with 6cm and 10cm depth of sowing in barley and wheat. Variation of these two characters were high in rye and corn because these crops were both heterogeneous due to out crossing. All the varieties of 4 crops showed significant correlation between coleoptile length and plant height. Chilbohomil showed highly significant correlation between two characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 1999

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of priming and growth regulator treatment of seeds on the emergence and seedling growth of rice, Oryza sativa L. (cv. 'Ilpumbyeo'). Normal seeds were primed in a -0.6 MPa polyethylene glycol solution at 15$^{\circ}C$ for four days with air-bubbling. Then both primed and non-primed seeds were soaked in water, 100 ppm GA$_3$, 2 ppm ABA, and 10 ppm kinetin solutions for 24 hours. The seeds were planted in soil at 3 and 5 cm depths and allowed to germinate in a growth cabinet at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Generally, the emergence rate at the 3 cm seeding depth was higher and emerged faster compared with the 5 cm seeding depth. The emergence rate of primed seeds was higher and emerged faster compared to non-primed seeds. GA$_3$ and kinetin treatments were the most effective to improve the emergence rate of non-primed seeds. Coleoptile length at the 5 cm seeding depth was longer than that at the 3 cm seeding depth. Leaf number, plant height, and root length of primed seedlings were higher compared with non-primed seeds. GA$_3$ promoted the elongation of plant height and mesocotyle length.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 1989

One of the most important cultural techniques of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) is to encourage rapid and uniform emergence of seedlings to establish good stand and to let them grow well. Thus the objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of pre-sowing seed soaking and planting depth on dormancy breaking, germination and emergence of the seedlings, and to estimate the optimum planting season of pearl millet in Suwon, Korea. The seeds with dormancy germinated 99 to 100 percent when soaked in the H$_2$O$_2$ 1％ solution for 24 hours and rinsed with pure water, but germinated only 38％ and 83％ when soaked in pure water for 24 hours just after harvest and drying, and one month later from the harvest time, respectively. The seeds of Australia inbred line did not germinate at the constant 10$^{\circ}C$, but germinated at the constant 11$^{\circ}C$. It also was possible to estimate the optimum planting season by applying minimum temperature 11$^{\circ}C$ for germination. The minimum air temperature reached from late April in Suwon, Korea in regular years but fluctuated from late April to early May in 1986 and 1987. Thus, the safe planting season was mid-May for rapid and uniform germination of pearl millet seed. The optimum depth of planting was 2∼4cm under the optimum soil moisture condition, and 4 to 6 cm under the drier soil moisture condition. Subcoleoptile internode(mesocotyle) length increased according to increased depth of planting. Seedling crown placement also became deeper due to deeper planting of the seeds. The subcoleoptile internode length and seedling crown depth were positively correlated with actual planting depth, indicating that deeper planting would be not good for appropriate adventitious root and tiller development.