• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2000

We have observed the electrical resistance of every point in a $16{\times}64$ matrix that is projected to the medial side of human forearm. The electrical resistance against the 1.25V directing current was rated in discrete scale and illustrated in contour maps. The characteristics of distribution of electrical resistance and it's relations to so called Meridians were also discussed.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

Objectives : The practices of Wei-qi and Nutritive-qi are generally divided into external Mai and internal Mai. However, they are closely interrelated and practiced together. While taking these aspects into consideration, this paper attempts to make interpretations in relation with Nutritive-qi the disease pathogens that appear in Shanghanlun's disease symptoms. Methods : Using the practice and function of Nutritive-qi described in Huangdineijing, the paper shall make interpretations for the patterns of Mawhangtang, patterns of Gaejitang, and the pathologies of pain, oedema, and nosebleed as described in Shanghanlun. Results & Conclusions : The pain from the patterns of Gaejitang differ from that of the patterns of Mawhangtang. First, the pain from the the patterns of Gaejitang cannot be the main symptom. Even if there is a symptom of pain, it's severity is not serious. Second, the pain from the patterns of Gaejiang takes the form of stiffness, and not general bodily pain. The reason for this stiffness is because of the emptiness of Wei-qi that leads to the congestion of Nutritive-qi which in turn causes the lack of qi and blood flow in muscula area such as abdomins. The symptom of oedema where one's body becomes swollen comes from a number of pathogens. First, the flow of meridian becomes hindered due to external dampness, a character which tends to be adhesive when added with humidty, and this results in the blockage of water qi which then causes the coagulation of nutritive blood. Second, when toxic heat is repressed and blocked within the lesser-yang channel, lesser-yang meridian stops working, which causes nutritive blood to clog at the front and back of ears since lesser-yang channel flows through that portion of body. Third, although oedema is not specifically mentioned in the sentences, but there exists the patterns of Daechungyongtang where water lumps are formed due to the accumulation and blockage of watery dampness. The patterns of Daechungyongtang is cuased when meridian is hindered from externally discharging body fluid due to a problem with meridian that blocks the fumigated internal heat which turns into bodily fluid from being discharged externally.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-41
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• 2012

Objectives: This study reviewed research trends concerning the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to suggest future research directions appropriate to medical circumstances in Korea. Methods: We searched for surveys of CAM use in 8 databases including 6 Korean databases, Ovid MEDLINE, and the CINAHL electronic database. Three independent reviewers working in pairs screened titles and abstracts of articles for eligibility. Full text was retrieved in case of disagreement on the eligibility. The main analysis targets included survey researcher's affiliation, terminology used in the title, study subject, definition of CAM, classifications of CAM modalities, and the area assortment of CAM and traditional Korean medicine (TKM). Results: 92 articles were included for analysis. The major constituent of affiliation was doctors (53%). According to years, study subjects were diversified to a large range of diseases. Since 2003, terminology is absorbed to use CAM. But actually, the most commonly used definition in the research was comprehensive such as "not generally considered part of major medicine" (55.4%) and the most used classification of CAM was self-criteria (61.9%). As for area assortment of CAM and TKM, many therapies exist in a gray zone between CAM and TKM. Conclusions: Standardized definition and classification criteria about CAM fit to the Korean healthcare system have not yet developed. For traditional Korean medicine academia, more concern should be paid to establishing appropriate development of definitions and classification criteria.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

Objectives and Methods: The present study was performed to investigate acupuncture point location of SI11 through reviewing literatures. Results: 1. The first description of the location of SI11 appeared in "ChimGuGabEulGyong(ZhenjiuJiayiJing)", however the point description was not precise. 2. The first proportional measurement for SI11 showed up after Ching dynasty, which describes "SI11 is the point obliquely superiour 1.7 B-cun and transeversly interior to SI9" however this does not match the present WHO's standard location of SI11. 3. The WHO standard location of SI11 is in the scapular region, in the depression between the upper one third and lower two thirds of the line connecting the midpoint of the spine of the scapula with the inferior angle of the scapula, but there is no evidence to support this in classical literatures. 4. Based on myology and theories of meridian, we suggest that it is more reasonable to locate SI11 at the point in the depression between the upper two third and lower one thirds, not the upper one third and lower two thirds, of the line connecting the midpoint of the spine of the scapula with the inferior angle of the scapula. Conclusions: More studies are needed for the more reliable standard location of SI11.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

"Yixuerumen" is a comprehensive medical text published in the Ming-dynasty by Li Chan(李梴). In this text, Sanghan(傷寒, cold damage) is categorized among external contraction(外感) with much emphasis. The subject of this study is the verse "The Principal and secondary aspects must first be decided." and its annotations in the in the Sanghan chapter of "Yixuerumen". The complex theoretical structure of this verse was firstly analyzed, together with the historical background of how and why Li Chan adopted this concept. The Pyo-Bon concept is the contrast between phenomena(標) and its underlying source of motivation(本). The methodology for this study was to compare and analyze this main verse with contents on Sanghan and Un-gi(運氣) within the text, while reviewing historical theories explaining the physiology and pathology of the human body in terms of the Pyo-bon(標本) concept. As a result, we discovered that the Pyo-bon(標本) concept used in the aforementioned verse of "Yixuerumen" matches the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory of Un-gi(運氣). Li Chan created the connecting link in understanding the Three Eum Three Yang diagnosis system through the viscera/bowels theory(臟腑論) by adopting the Three Eum Three Yang(三陰三陽)-標本中氣(pyo-bon-jung gi)-gi transformation(氣化) theory from Un-gi. Li's work lead to several changes in the field of Sanghan. First, Li understood the disease pattern of Sanghan by using the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory during the Jin-Yuan dynasty, and developed a medical perspective that observes the disease pattern based on the body's essence gi(精氣). Second, he set the category of the Sanghan-Three Eum Three Yang disease pattern, establishing a separate guideline. Third, by adding knowledge of herbs to the accumulated knowledge of the viscera/bowel theory, the process of diagnosis and herbal application were made explicable. On the other hand, in the process of interpreting the 三陰三陽 diagnosis system with viscera/bowels theory, theoretical inconsistencies appeared, of which Li tried to mend by several means. The results of the research on "Yixuerumen(醫學入門) the Sanghan chapter(傷寒篇)" calls for further studies, as it has effected both "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) the Sanghan part(寒門)" and "Dongeuisoosebowon(東醫壽世保元)" as well.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2007

The followings are concluded from the treatment of headache in Hyungsang medicine, focussed on 11 kinds of headaches in Donguibogam. Headache is classified into overall headache and migraine according to the affected region. The causes are divided into exogenous affection and internal injury; The former brings on headache due to Wind-Cold and headache due to Damp-Heat. The latter, reversal headache, headache due to adverse rising of phlegm, headache due to regurgitation of Gi, headache due to excessive Heat, headache due to excessive Damp, true headache, and alcoholic headache. Headache due to internal injury generally tends to show deficiency syndrome with external affection. Headache due to exogenous affections is common to those who have big head or white skin and to Bangkwang type, and woman. The primary causes are Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat. When the body is observed in the perspective of eight phases, Damp-Heat is to be produced in the front, and Dry-Damp, in the back. Headache due to Damp-Heat is susceptible to Yangmyeong meridian type whose body develops more in the front and to woman. In the perspective of the upper and the lower, Yangdu(that is, head) is related to Eumdu(that is, glans of penis). Headache is also caused by the problems of Eumdu ,such as deficiency of Essence in man, pathologic change of uterus in women, and San syndrome in lower abdomen. In the case of man, headache is frequently severe and difficult to treat because head is a root for man. Disharmony of Gi and blood between the right and the left brings out migraine and headache due to regurgitation of Gi. Migraine is usually accompanied by symptoms of exogenous affection and often afflicts Gi-type, Shin-type, Soyang meridian type, deer type, and Dam-type. Headache due to regurgitation of Gi is brought by Gi deficiency or blood deficiency so that symptoms of exogenous affection do not show. It is mainly common with old people and those who have sunken eyes induced by deficiency of stomach Gi. In the perspective of the upper, the middle, and the lower, the pathologic change of head, chest and abdomen also bring about headache. The pathologic cause of head is Wind-Heat ,which triggers overall headache, migraine, headache due to Wind-Cold, headache due to excessive Heat, The pathogen of chest is phlegm-Fire and brings out headache due to Damp-Heat and headache due to adverse rising of phlegm. The pathologic factor in abdomen is Cold-Damp and produces headache due to adverse rising of phlegm and headache due to excessive Damp. In case of women, headache is generally caused by phlegm-Fire and retention of undigested food.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Objective : The study of relations between twelve meridians and pulse diagnosis Method : The possiblity of pulse diagnosis on the pulse points(脈動處) of each meridian through the scription of $\ll$Maek beop(脈法)$\gg$ $\ll$Nae kyeong(內經)$\gg$ and $\ll$Nan kyeong(難經$\gg$ Result : The comparative pulse diagnosis method(比較脈診法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong(靈樞 邪氣臟腑病形)$\gg$ in accordance with the progress of pulse diagnosis and the theory of medicine. Conclusions : The comparative pulse diagnosis method in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop)$\gg$ progressed to the five Jang bu maek(五臟脈) in the scription of $\ll$Young chu : Sa gi jang bu byeong hyeong$\gg$ and the moxibustion and Pyum bup(貶法) in the scription of $\ll$Mack beop$\gg$ altered to acupuncture therapy on the five shu points(五輸穴)

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2014

Objectives : Sosihotang is a typical prescription in Sang Han Lun. And the alternate chills and fever is a Sosihotang's typical symptom. Therefore I will study of how the syndrome of Sosihotang's alternate chills and fever caused. Methods : Examine the claims of the syndrome of Sosihotang's alternate chills and fever in Sang Han Lun. The scholar's claims are not all same. Thus, I analysis the claims of many scholars. Results : The syndrome of Sosihotang has two mechanisms. The move of defensive Gi(衛氣) can explain the occurrence of alternate chills and fever. If the defense Gi enter inside the body, it struggle with pathogenic Gi, the fever is occurred. On the contrary to this, if the defense Gi exits the body the chills occurs because of the lack of defense Gi. Conclusions : The syndrome of Sosihotang could be taken ill by tranmission or direct attack of exogenous pathogenic factors(直中). Symptoms chills and fever occurs due to the entrance and exit of defensive Gi.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.24-51
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to introduce Whidam's Su-Gi therapy(WST.) as a remarkable traditional manual therapy. Main subject : WST. is a traditional manual therapy from Do-In(導引) An-Kyo(按蹻) that treats disease by controlling Gi(Gi-Gong therapy). It makes treatment effects by pushing Sa-Gi(邪氣) which becomes aggregation-accumulation(積聚) to right places by using pointillage, stroking, and rubbing with doctor's focused intention(意念). The cervical spine connects body and brain, so treating cervical spine could be a foundation of all treatment. Discussion : WST. is a manual therapy that treats not only muscles, nerves, vessels, joints but also Oriental medicine concept-meridian, acupoint and Gi(氣). Conclusions: 1) WST. is a traditional manual therapy using Gi-Gong, 2) WST. changes Sa-Gi(邪氣) into Jung-Gi(正氣), which means curing aggregation-accumulation(積聚), 3) Cervical WST. treats a passage that connects upper and lower parts of human body; heart and brain, and 4) Cervical WST. is a treatment to activate So-Ju-Cheon(小周天), which controls human body immunity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to find the most effective and safest way to overcome Lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain involved in a few Meridian Tendino-musculatures by evaluating the effect of two kinds of Dong-gi(Dong-qi) Acupuncture(DGA) and by reporting their side effects. Material : 97 patients of out and admission patients were selected, who were diagnosed with lumbar sprain caused by repetitive bending, heavy weight lifting, unsuitable posture, concussion and falling down and whose Lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain in the concept of oriental medicine. Methods : 97 patients were divided into three groups. One is exclusive DGA group to which DGA and the method retaining needles on the acupoints for about 20 minutes were applied, the other is DGA combined active exercise group in which patients stretched their Meridian Tendino-muscuIatures with their hips moving up and downward repeatedly during DGA, the third is DGA combined passive exercise group in which patients were made to flex or extend their bodies on the auto flexion-distraction table in a prone position, from 10 to 20 degree, during DGA. In each group, bed rest, physical therapy and herbal medicine were used according to symptoms, in addition to DGA. In DGA method, "Su(Shu)" points of the meridian related to the involved Meridian Tendino-musculature were mainly chosen, that is, Sokkol(Shugu, B65), Hugye(Houxi, SI3), ChungJo(Zhongzhu, TE3) were used, for most LBP belonged to Bladder and Gallbladder Meridian Tendino-musculature disorders. Pyong-Bo-Pyong-Sa(Ping-Bu-Ping-Xie) such as Dong-Gi and Yeom-Jeon(Nian-Zhuan) was applied as Bo-Sa method. For evaluation of effectiveness, new score system was devised by severity of pain and range of movement. the score was given twice at patients' first and last visit and the difference between first and last score was regarded as a evaluation scale, the effectiveness was classified into four grade by evaluation scale.(scale : 12-15; excellent, 8-11; good, 4-7; fair, 0-3; bad) Results : 1. Exclusive DGA, DGA combined active exercise and DGA combined passive exercise group showed 97, 87 and 89% in effectiveness. 2. Exclusive DGA, DGA combined active exercise and DGA combined passive exercise group showed no aggravation of pain, range of movement. 3. In blood test of 34 patients, only one patient showed abnormal rise of sGOT, sGPT and $\gamma$-GTP at his first visit and the others didn't show any detrimental change. DGA had no bad influence upon BUN and creatinine of patients. Conclusion : For complex theraphy combining DGA, exercise, physical therapy and Herbal medicine proved to be highly effective on treating lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain, this is expected to be available for clinical use.