• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2013

Purpose: Reoperations after gastrectomy for gastric cancer are performed for many types of complications. Unexpected reoperations may cause mental, physical, and financial problems for patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the causes of reoperations and to develop a strategic decision-making process for these reoperations. Materials and Methods: From September 2002 through August 2010, 6,131 patients underwent open conventional gastrectomy operations at Samsung Medical Center. Of these, 129 patients (2.1%) required reoperation because of postoperative complications. We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients using an electronic medical record review. Statistical data were analyzed to compare age, sex, stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, size of tumor, and number of lymph node metastasis between patients who had been operated and those who had not. Results: The variables of age, sex, tumor stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, and number of lymph node metastases did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the mean tumor size in the reoperation group was greater than that in the non-reoperation group ($5.0{\pm}3.7$ [standard deviation] versus $4.1{\pm}2.9$, P=0.007). The leading cause of reoperation was surgical-site infection (n=49, 0.79%). Patients with intra-abdominal bleeding were operated on again in the shortest period after the initial gastrectomy ($6.3{\pm}4.2$ days). Patients with incisional hernia were not reoperated on until after $208.3{\pm}81.0$ days, the longest postoperative period. Conclusions: Tumor size was the major variable leading to reoperation after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The most common complication requiring the reoperation was a surgical site-related complication.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.217-245
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• 2007

This research work was aimed at assisting isolated children to adapt their school life having examined the process of their changes by reducing isolation level and isolative behavior through means of implementing group art therapy program. To accomplish this purpose of research, 36 participants were selected from children attending Class 6, 4th Grade of D Elementary School located in Dajeon Metropolitan City, to which researcher was served as homeroom teacher. And the participants were asked to complete a survey that included social and emotional isolation scale test which was designed by Heh Sung-hee(1993) and 4 children marked more than 96 points were designated as isolated children. The group art therapy program exercised in this research was the one that reorganized by research to suit the research purpose based on the precedent works, and survey was conducted total 12 times, two time a week, within 60 minutes per time, between 6 September and 24 October 2006, and researcher conducted group art therapy program directly at Class 6, 4th Grade of D Elementary School using extra hours after school. And following analyses were performed in relation to results therefrom: First, to analyze changes of isolation level of isolated children Quantitatively, the results from pre and post test concerning social and emotional isolation scale were comparatively analyzed. Second, to analyze changes of psychological state of isolated children, projective drawing tests were performed using Kinetic House-Tree-Person(K-HTP) Drawing and Kinetic School Drawing(KSD) and results therefrom were comparatively analyzed. Third, to analyze Quantitatively what changes have been occurred in the isolated children during the course of forming interrelationships with group members while participating in group art therapy, proceedings were summarized per each stage of the program and analyzed accordingly. Fourth, results from researcher's observation of what changes have been occurred in the isolative behavior of isolated children before and after implementation of group art therapy were compared accordingly. Followings are resulting conclusions. First, group art therapy program reduced isolation level of isolated children. Second, group art therapy program changed the isolated children's psychological state into a stable and positive fashion. Third, isolated children became able to experience positive interrelations as well as establishment of new human relationships with group members during the course of participating in the group art therapy program. Fourth, group art therapy program reduced isolative behaviors of the isolated children. Therefore, conclusions could have been reached that the group art therapy program implemented in this research reduced isolative behaviors of the isolated children, and changed their anxious and depressed mental state into stable and positive ones, also established positive interrelationships as well as new human relationships. And, it will be able to expect a greater effect if a program which has been associated with their family could be proceeded along with continuous guidance and teaching having developed objective test tools that will discern isolated children.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

Objective : Commonly experienced as an occupational therapist to reveal the meaning of conflict, development by providing information on the quality of official development plan for therapists were willing to contribute. Method : In this study using Parse's human becoming method to collect and analyze data. Participants to understand purpose of the study's researchers and that can be spoken honestly their experience through dialogue were selected eight people as a clinical occupational therapist. Conversation period January-February 2012 was, at the time of about 30-40 minutes, Every conversation is more than three times for each participant were conducted. Result : Experience of occupational therapists, occupational therapy as a conflict of identity confusion and lack of awareness, feeling that comes from a poor working environment and social life, mental conflict, payroll issues to worry about, but concerns about the treatment of the future with hope and effort in the process was an experience. However, external, internal conflicts despite the uneasy reality academic experience for self-development and growth, and the development towards a positive future was out over it. Conclusion : Away from the internal and external conflicts therapists, occupational therapy and establish the identity of satisfaction and quality of care for the treatment to improve their physical and social environment, continuous improvement is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1990

The research is a comparative study of death attitudes between male and female elderly people. There is no doubt as to the inevitability of death. And yet, there is a vast conspiracy involved in the word of dead or death. The aged are considered to be nearer death than are people in other age groups. Kalish(1976) emphasized that for the aged two meanings of death have significance for evaluating their life ; first, that older people are known to have a limited life time and face death ; second that older people are known to have suffered many death-imposed losses that are often associated with the dying process. In considering these implications, the level of anxiety regarding death and dying is a crucial factor in determining mental health. In the study, 152 male elderly and 145 female elderly residing in Seoul, Korea was compared on the four dimensions of death anxiety and assigned personal variables. Therefore, the purpose the research was (1) to examine the characteristics of subjects on the independent variables(age, marital status, family relationship, social activities, religiousity etc.) ; (2) to examine the relationship between the independent variables and each dimension of death axniety ; (3) to determine the proportion of variance in the respective of death anxiety which is accounted for by the respective independent variables ; (4) to examine whether a significant difference between the respective independent variables and each dimension of death anxiety has ; (5) to determine the combination of variables which is the most successful in explaining the variance in death anxiety. Finding from this study support the following conclusions; 1. There was a significant differences between the male and female subjects in the level of death anxiety. In turn, the male older adults had lower death anxiety than did the female elderly. This implies that male tend to look forward to death rather than deny it. 2. As there was evidences from several studies, this research found that fear of death decreases as age increases. 3. The following two variables that correlate best with dying anxiety of others in both male and female older adults : 'marriage life', 'social interaction'. 4. The variables 'age' and 'children' for both female and male elderly accounted for the most variance in death anxiety of self. The findings of the study lend this investigator several suggestions, implications and recommendations for future research. There can be no death without life, and conversely, no life without death. Psychologists and health-related professionals may be learn as much about death as they can in order to develop more healthy attitudes and in order to be able to better aid and comfort dying people and their familities. Perhaps most importantly, professionals may be help those who are not faced with death at present to develop an understanding of it and healthy attitudes toward it. The programs of death education are needed for dedication to the evitability of death and the preparation of life for the older adults. More seminars, symposiums and research on death attitudes are needed. Finally, study for female older adults has been negelected topic in the areas of women's study and health education. Future study, for female elderly, have to deeply investigate where those problems come from and how to cope with in order to the female elderly segment can live the rest of their lives in satisfaction with well-being.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.189-200
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• 2002

Human beings at the beginning of the world have tried to gain mental and physical satisfaction from nature. However, as it became difficult to find such satisfaction in nature, an advanced civilization was created that confronted nature by developing a unique environment. In this process of confrontation, an ecological crisis occurred. As an alternative to solve this problem, there began interest in the ecological paradigm of many fields, and the domain of space design for living became the center of attention. Korean traditional architecture has ecological characteristics suitable for Koreas nature and climate. When discussing Korean traditional architecture from the viewpoint of an ecological paradigm, studies have been based on the understanding that it is the entire combination of structures existing with and as a part of a natural ecosystem rather than the use of independent and individual structures like that of Western architecture. In particular, Korean traditional windows and doors are examples of maintaining an ecological essence by accepting natural surroundings and have important meaning in the subject of ecological space design, but its unfortunate that theyre not utilized in contemporary Korean architecture. Focusing on these discrepancies, this study aims to make traditional windows and doors native to Korea the subject of discussion and to expand the area of study in Korean traditional architecture.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.261-278
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• 1990

Two experiments were performed to test whether the perception of subjective contours occurs not only through bottom-up processes but also throught top-down processes by manipilating such cognitive factors as superimposition cues and selective attention.In the first experiment,the phenomenon of neon color spreading effect was used to investigate the effect of superimpoed Kanizsa triangles.To identify the effect of superimposition, two different colors were used,one for each overlapped Kanizsa triangle,and the subjects were asked which neon-like color they saw for the overlapped portion.Result indicates that the only neon-like color of the superimposing triangle can be perceived,which implies that super impostition cues may act upon the formation process of subjective contour as a a sort of top-down information.In the second experiment,two partially ovwelapped Kanizsa squares of which direction of superimposition were ambiguous and thus reversable depending on the observer's mental set were used to inverstigate the effect of selective attention.Subjects were instructed to pay attention only to one of the squares and report the neon- like color of the overlapped portion of them.Result shows that the subjects perceive only the neon-like color of superimposing square,which implies that such cognitive factors as selective attention may strongly influence the formation of subjective contours. In conclusion,the results of this study show that the subective contour does not depend only on bottom-up processes but also on such cognitive factors as super-imposition cues and selective attention.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.393-402
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• 2015

Human resources are one of the most essential elements of an organization. In particular, the more closed a group is, the higher the value each member has. Previous studies have focused on personal attributes of individual, such as medical history, and have depended upon self-diagnosis to manage structures. However, this method has weak points, such as the timeconsuming process required, the potential for concealment, and non-disclosure of participants' mental states, as this method depends on self-diagnosis through extensive questionnaires or interviews, which is solved in an interactive way. It also suffers from another problem in that relations among people are difficult to express. In this paper, we propose a multi-faced diagnosis model based on social network analysis which overcomes former weaknesses. Our approach has the following steps : First, we reveal the states of those in a social network through 9 questions. Next, we diagnose the social network to find out specific individuals such as victims or leaders using the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated our model achieved 0.62 precision rate and identified specific people who are not revealed by the existing methods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7229-7235
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• 2013

Background: To determine whether the Health Partner Program is effective in training long-term cancer survivors to be health coaches. Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned cancer survivors who were selected through a rigorous screening process to either the Health Partner Program or the waiting-list control group. The program consisted of 8 weeks of training in health management, leadership, and coaching. At baseline, 8, and 16 weeks, we measured primary outcomes using the Seven Habit Profile (SHP), the Korean Leadership Coaching Competency Inventory (KCCI), Ed Diner's Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Posttraumatic Growth inventory (PTGI) and secondary outcomes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36). Results: We recruited 70 subjects and randomly assigned 34 to the intervention group. The Sharpen the Saw habit of the SHP increased significantly more in intervention group than in the control group (p=0.049), as did most PTGI factors. The intervention group also showed a significantly greater enhancement of vitality (p=0.015) and mental health (p=0.049) SF-36 scores but no improvement in KCCI, SWLS, HADS, or IES-R scores. The intervention group also showed a greater clinically meaningful improvement in the "Think Win-Win" of SHP (p=0.043) and in the personal strength score (p=0.025) and total score (p=0.015) of the PTGI. Conclusions: Long-term cancer survivors can benefit from the Health Partner Program to become health coaches.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.705-711
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• 2008

In case of the domestic condition, as the initiating from Sumjin River Dam, total 14 units of multipurpose dams had been constructed in 1965 for the roles of flood control, waterpower generation, irrigation, water supply, industrial water supply. In the case of such multipurpose dam, it produces electric energy by converting the potential energy utilizing its head and quantity of the water into kinetic energy. However, in this process, since during the time when the turbine connected to the hydraulic turbine dynamo revolves and there occurs a loud noise, it brings the physical, mental bad influences to those people also a decline of an effective working efficiency. On such point of view, after selection of various 16 measurement points, this study has measured and analyzed the travelling characteristics of noise generated at the hydraulic turbine dynamo in Daechung Dam, and also has evaluated the degree of indoor noise using the evaluation index such as PSIL, NC. As the result of noise-evaluation, in case of Daechung Dam, since the noise damage grade appears very seriously at various spaces, it is considering that its soundproof measure would be necessitated keenly. Also, it is considered that such data could be utilized as the valuable material hereafter for establishment of an efficient noise-reduction countermeasure and a comfortable working environment for the hydraulic turbine dynamo plant.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.361-394
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• 1998

Jeon Kwang(癲狂), term of oriental medicine, corresponds to psychopathy. This is recorded in the 22th chapter of Young Chu(靈樞). Jeon and Kwang come under Eum(陰) and Yang(陽) respectively. The symptoms of Jeon have silence, cry and giggle alternately, muttering, and so on. And those of Kwang have quick-tempered, absurd remarks, slander, and so on. The contents of this chapter are divided into three volumes. The first is descriptive of paroxysmal causes and various symptoms of Jean and methods of acupuncture and moxibustion. The second stales causes, symptoms, and remedy methods of Kwang. And the third describes about Pung Youk(風逆), Kweol Youk(厥逆), So Ki(少氣), and Tan Ki(短氣). A paragraph concerning of Mok Ja(目眥), so to speak side of pupil, is mentioned at the begginning of this chapter incomprehensibly. Si Ma(馬蒔) asserted that this one is not a pleonasm because mental condition is seen at Mok Ja. But Sa-Deok Jeong(程士德) decided this one doesn't relation to Jeon Kwang. In my opinion, both views have proprieties. It is in a controversy whether Jeon Kwang has somthing to do with Pung Youk, Kweol Youk, etc. Tan Pa(丹波) asserted that these don't have connection each other. But JI-Chong Jang(張志總) explained Jeon Kwang originates in Kweol Youk with a basis of So Mun(素門). It is difficult to judge which opinion is right, but I am of the opinion that paragraphs of Pung Youk and downward mentioned those of other chapter with a mistake in the process of transcription. On accout of not only shortage contents but also ancient writings of this chapter we cannot understand all about Jeon Kwang. In addition, each woodblock-printed book has different letters and every commentaries aren't the same. Till now, therefore, basic study hasn't been done enough to offer a foundation to the theory of medical treatment. The purpose of this study is to correct wrong letters, to take out right commentaries, and then to interpret the accurat meaning of this chapter. I think this bibliographic study is quite meaningful because of hardship to cure psychopathy in clinic as well as of a viewpoint of basic study. However as this thesis is insufficient, so I expect many studies come out later.