• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2002

The similarity of shape of shape of interface between human cognitive map and real product is the important factor to determine the human performance. Nevertheless, the degree of similarity between these has not been defined quantitatively in recent studies. Therefore, in this study, the cognitive map and the mental workload were measured by SMM(Sketch Map Method) and RNASA-TLX(Revision of NASA-Task Load Index). And the numerical expression of the accuracy point was suggested for the quantitative calculation of relative positional similarity between cognitive map and real product. In the experiment, nine subjects were participated and two kinds of vehicles were used. Mental workload was mental workload was measured immediately after the road test. The result of analysis on the relationship between accuracy and mental workload shows that the negative correlation exists on each vehicle, and the lower score of mental workloads id measured on the vehicle that has the higher score of accuracy between two vehicles.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate why advance organizers (AO) are effective in promoting comprehension and mental model formation in terms of cognitive load. Two experimental groups: a concept-map AO group and a key-word AO group and one control group were used. This study considered cognitive load in view of Baddeley's working memory model: central executive (CE), phonological loop (PL), and visuo-spatial sketch pad (VSSP). The present experiment directly examined cognitive load using dual task methodology. The results were as follows: central executive (CE) suppression task achievement for the concept map AO group was higher than the key word AO group and control group. Comprehension and mental model construction for the concept map AO group were higher than the other groups. These results indicated that the superiority of concept map AO owing to CE load decrement occurred with comprehension and mental model construction in learning. Thus, the available resources produced by CE load reduction may have been invested for comprehension and mental model construction of learning contents.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.27-56
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• 1977

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2019

최근 '묻지마 범죄'가 늘면서 시민들의 불안감이 커지고 있으며, 이로 인해 시민 삶의 질이 저하되고 범죄에 대해 느끼는 두려움의 정도가 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 범죄발생 현황 외 범죄관련 여러 변수를 바탕으로 시민이 심리적으로 느끼는 범죄발생 우려 장소(점 선 면)를 멘탈 맵의 방법론을 사용하여 작성하고, 커널(kernel) 밀도 추정 분석을 활용한 공간중첩분석을 통해 범죄발생 우려 지역 도출을 목적으로 한다. 그 결과 지역주민의 민원요청 지점과 범죄발생 우려 지역이 서로 중복되어 나타났다. 또한, 범죄 두려움을 나타내는 멘탈 맵은 주로 시설간의 점이지역, 좁은 골목, 방범 CCTV 및 가로등 보안등 미설치 지역, 시간대별 유동인구가 적은 지역을 중심으로 지도화하여 구축되었다. 본 연구는 범죄 관련 기존 선행연구와는 달리, 멘탈 맵이라는 방법론을 사용하여 범죄발생 우려 지역을 도출하는 연구를 시도했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 더불어 멘탈 맵 등 본 연구의 결과물은 범죄취약지도 구축, 범죄예방 환경설계의 가이드라인 등 다양한 분야에서의 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

Classification of human thought is an emerging research field that may allow us to understand human brain functions and further develop advanced brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. In the present study, we introduce a new approach to classify various mental states from noninvasive electrophysiological recordings of human brain activity. We utilized the full spatial and spectral information contained in the electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded while a subject is performing a specific mental task. For this, the EEG data were converted into a 2D spatiospectral pattern map, of which each element was filled with 1, 0, and -1 reflecting the degrees of event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD). We evaluated the similarity between a current (input) 2D pattern map and the template pattern maps (database), by taking the inner-product of pattern matrices. Then, the current 2D pattern map was assigned to a class that demonstrated the highest similarity value. For the verification of our approach, eight participants took part in the present study; their EEG data were recorded while they performed four different cognitive imagery tasks. Consistent ERS/ERD patterns were observed more frequently between trials in the same class than those in different classes, indicating that these spatiospectral pattern maps could be used to classify different mental states. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each participant from both the proposed approach and a conventional mental state classification method based on the inter-hemispheric spectral power asymmetry, using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). An average accuracy of 68.13% (${\pm}9.64%$) was attained for the proposed method; whereas an average accuracy of 57% (${\pm}5.68%$) was attained for the conventional method (significance was assessed by the one-tail paired $t$-test, $p$ < 0.01), showing that the proposed simple classification approach might be one of the promising methods in discriminating various mental states.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2021

현재 셉테드(CPTED) 사업은 지역의 범죄예방을 통해 주민들의 범죄로부터 불안감을 감소시키고 환경개선 등의 효과를 보이고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 셉테드(CPTED) 사업이 주민의 삶의 질, 주민 만족도 제고 등과의 관계에 대한 체계적이고 실증적인 검증 없이 물리적 환경개선 위주로 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 지역 주민을 대상으로 한 AHP 분석과 멘탈맵(mental map) 시각화를 활용 하여 주민의 삶의 질 개선을 위한 도시재생사업에 셉테드(CPTED) 적용 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 부산지역 4곳의 사례지역을 선정하고, 주민을 대상으로 한 AHP분석을 통해 셉테드(CPTED) 프로그램의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 사회적 무질서에 대한 주민의 멘탈 맵(mental map)을 시각화하여 셉테드(CPTED) 프로그램의 사각지대를 분석하였다. 셉테드(CPTED) 프로그램 우선순위 분석결과 CCTV 및 가로등 설치가 가장 중요한 요소인 것으로 나타났다. 주민의 멘탈 맵(mental map) 분석 결과 기존의 방범시설과 셉테드(CPTED) 프로그램이 물리적인 무질서에 대하여 대부분 해소하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만 사회적 무질서에 대해 주민이 느끼는 심리적인 요소는 여러 곳의 사각지대가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

To fly a drone or unmanned aerial vechicle(UAV) safely, its pilot needs to maintain high situation awareness of its flight space. One of the important ways to improve the flight space awareness is to integrate both the global and the local navigation map a drone provides. However, the drone pilot often has to use the inconsistent reference frames or perspectives between the two maps. In specific, the global navigation map tends to display space information in the third-person perspective, whereas the local map tends to use the first-person perspective through the drone camera. This inconsistent perspective problem makes the pilot use mental rotation to align the different perspectives. In addition, integrating different dimensionalities (2D vs. 3D) of the two maps may aggravate the pilot's cognitive load of mental rotation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between perspective difference ($0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$) and the map dimensionality matches (3D-3D vs. 3D-2D) to improve the way of integrating the two maps. The results show that the pilot's flight space awareness improves when the perspective differences are smaller and also when the dimensionalities between the two maps are matched.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to suggest methods for the community design through users' behavior study in apartment housing. This study was approached by using both theoretical investigation and empirical research. The theoretical investigation actualized the concept of community design in apartment housing through a literature survey. The empirical survey focused on seeking out a user-oriented design criteria based on the analysis of residents' usage behavior and mental map. The results of this study are as follow: First. regarding the analysis of the residents' attitude toward the share community space(SCS), it was found that the SCS made a sense as community facilities in apartment housing. Second, regarding the SCS through the metal map, it was shown that the sketch map analysis was a useful research method for the community design by actualizing the residents' behavior characteristics. Third. as to the results of analyzing the metal map, it was found that the considered characteristics in recognition of the SCS were related to the liking with the main paths, cross nodes of the moving line, the location of center. and the complexity. In conclusion, the SCS is the main of community design in apartment housing and the above characteristics in recognition are useful as the guidelines in the SCS planning.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of users'behavior for the planning of the shared community space(SCS). It was analyzed and estimated that the present status of the SCS of the contemporary multi-family housing sites in Korea and the residents'behavior in the SCS. Theoretic investigation and empirical research methods were used in this study. The empirical survey focused on seeking out user-oriented design criteria, based on the analysis of residents'usage behavior for the SCS. The analysis was made by both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of this study are as follows; First, as to the usage status survey for the SCS, there is a difference in the degree of usage according to their locations. Second, as to the analysis of the SCS through a mental map, the sketch map analysis is found to be a useful research method for the SCS planning by actualizing the residents'behavior characteristics. In detail, the main characteristics in the SCS planning are nearness, centrality, intimacy, combination of facilities and the connection with the main paths of the complex.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권48호
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• pp.101-111
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• 1998

CNS (Car Navigation System) is the most compatible candidate among various in-vehicle information systems as a provider of ITS (Intelligence Transport Systems) information. It generally consists of remote controller, display, CD-changer, GPS receiver and so on. Among them, display is the most important and critical element of the HMI (Human-Machine Interface) suggesting the digital map to the driver. Therefore, it is certain that the display gives cognitive, physical, mental and visual workloads to the driver which are directly related with the driver's and road safety with the success of ITS. Until now, various human factors techniques have been developed and applied to estimate the driver's workload and to collect the driver's requirements of the CNS digital map, for example, mental workload assessment, visual activity analysis, cognitive analysis and so on. In addition to these kinds of techniques, this research performed the human sensibility ergonomics approach to directly investigate and evaluate the driver's requirements and sensibilities of the real products.