• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2019

As the number of students in the multicultural background grows, the interest in their education is also increasing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of forest healing factors on the improvement of language ability and ego-resilience of students from multicultural families. We conducted an after-school forest healing program of ten male and ten female middle school students of a multicultural preparatory school located in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$-dong in Cheongju, Chungnam Province. The experiment consisted of a total of 12 weekly one-hour (60 minutes) programs from April 12, 2018 to June 26, 2018. The forest healing program is an activity that uses the various environmental factors that exist in the forest to increase the immunity of the human body and restore physical and mental health. To determine the difference in ego-resilience before and after the program, we conducted a paired t-test and analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 program. The results showed that the ego-resilience significantly improved in all sub-factors including the positive thinking ability, problem-solving ability, intimacy ability, emotional adjustment ability, and autonomic behavior ability (p<.001). The descriptive statistics of the language ability showed the improvement in writing errors, pronunciation errors, sentence errors, tense errors, and errors in research and connection. We expect the results of this study can be used as the basic data to improve ego-resilience and language acquisition ability of middle-entry children and students from multicultural families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.32
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• pp.129-160
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• 2010

This paper provides a review of research in the area of child(hood) sexual abuse. Particularly, the paper focuses on understanding the direction of research trends in Korea on this topic by evaluating the methodological changes, diversity of topics, and factors associated with research participants. The systemic, comprehensive review includes 28 articles in 14 primary Korean Journals and 261 articles in "Child Abuse and Neglect" and "Child Maltreatment" published from 2000 to 2008. Foci of the reviewing process were; (1) Do the transition of research methods follow scientific saturation? (2) What are the main subject areas of the field? (3)Who are the research participants and from where were they recruited? The review finds that overall, the number of CSA studies fluctuated in early 2000, but remained stable which means that academic interests have remained along with the social concern. The Korean CSA studies are imbalanced in terms of scientific saturation. Studies with theoretical methods are short in numbers, but there is a rapidly growing number of research using qualitative approaches. The review also highlights that most quantitative research utilized cross-sectional survey methodology. The major research themes that were most frequently found were studies on factors associated with CSA and evaluation of treatment modalities. However, research on perpetrators and measurement scale development were rather rare. In the CA&N and CM articles, study participants are frequently recruited from mental health clinics or related social agencies. Korean samples usually come from schools than communities and young children and their mothers seem to be excessively represented. Balanced research efforts are strongly suggested.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.379-387
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in psychological adjustment among university students according to their parents' divorce status and their parents' conflict. Specifically, students who have not-divorced parents were subdivided into two groups: those who have with a high degree of conflict and with a low degree of conflict. The results were as follows. First, the degree of the marital conflict from the divorced parents is higher than the one of the marital conflict from the parents not divorced. Second, the group who has the parents with a high level of marital conflict went through the highest difficulties among 3 groups at all variables without the parent-child relationship. Therefore, this study suggests that marital conflict is more closely related to psychological adjustment of children than parental divorce itself.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

College tuition is a significant economic, social, and political issue in Korea. We conduct a Bayesian analysis of a hierarchical model to address the factors related to college tuition based on a survey data collected by Statistics Korea. A binary response variable is selected depending on if more than 70% of tuition costs are supported by parents, and a hierarchical Probit model is constructed with areas as groups. A set of explanatory variables is selected from a factor analysis of available variables in the survey. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to estimate parameters. From the analysis results, income and stress are significantly related to college tuition support from parents. Parents with high income tend to support children's college tuition and students with parents' financial support tend to be mentally less stressed; subsequently, this shows that the economic status of parents significantly affects the mental health of college students. Gender, a healthy life style, and college satisfaction are not significant factors. Comparing areas in terms of the degrees of correlation between stress/income and tuition support from parents, students in Kangwon-do are the most mentally stressed when parents' support is limited; in addition, the positive correlation between parents support and income is stronger in big cities compared to provincial areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.657-667
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• 2015

This study examined the effectiveness of 'Forest Therapy (FT)' from the biological, neurocognitive and psychosocial perspectives. Adolescents who were classified as potential internet addicts took part in a FT program for two (once or twice) or three days. Before and after participating the program, Serum Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were measured. It was found that FT led to positive consequences, indicated by increased serum BDNF, improved CAT performance, reduced internet use desire, greater resilience, and better social relationship. In addition, FT was partially effective in alleviating state anxiety level, when the participants were classified in accordance with FT exposure lengths. Overall, this study provides evidence that FT reduces symptoms related to internet addiction and promotes various qualities required for well-being.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.255-280
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• 2016

This study examined sexual violence characteristics among the individuals who utilized victim support services provided by National Rape Crisis Intervention Centers in Korea. The study is the part of a Korean longitudinal study on sexual assault characteristics and its implications for post-abuse adjustments, which is supported by Korean Mental Health Technology R&D Project. Eleven national rape crisis centers nationwide and 29 NGO's participated in the study. The participating centers provided the data on sexual abuse characteristics from their standardized case management system. The cases were randomly selected from the system. Total of 1077 cases were gleaned from the system and utilized for this analysis. Results indicated that the abuse characteristics differed by victims' age (children, adolescent vs. adults) as well as relationship with perpetrator. We could identify six different profile groups based on the detailed violence characteristics. The results assured us of the importance to understand the detailed characteristics of sexual violence and the old notion that 'one size may not fit all'. The results from the profile analyses may have important implication for developing victim support programs and appropriately allocating agency resources according to the different profiles of the service users.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.954-965
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• 2019

This study was a quasi-experimental study of a non-equivalence comparison group to investigate an effect of adaptation of group counseling program based on MMTIC (Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children) on improvement of psychological well-being, self-esteem and depression for elementary school students from low income families. Data were collected from August 3 to August 31, 2016. The group counseling program based on MMTIC was applied to the experimental group 10 sessions (twice a week, 60minutes), participants were 56 elementary school students from low income families (experimental group = 28, control group = 28) live in J city. The effects of this study were evaluated with the scales for psychological well-being, self-esteem and depression. As a result, it was found that well-being and self-esteem had significantly improved, depression had noticeably decreased with the program. Therefore, It is should that the group counseling program based on MMTIC will be used for effective psychiatric nursing intervention.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.831-848
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyse the family caregivers' stress pathways by types of long term care services for the elderly, and then to discuss the findings of analysis. For this research, primary caregivers that provide care the elderly requiring long term care services sanctioned by National Health Insurance Corporation were drawn and surveyed. Among collected data, data for 258 primary caregivers by type of long term care services were used for this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, on average, the elders that utilize care service in institutions for the elderly were higher proportion of women, older, higher rate of bereavement, more children than the elders that utilize in-home care service, but some cases were vice-versa. Second, the elders that utilize care service in institutions more ADL dependency, higher proportion of severe dementia or severe stroke, higher care rank by National Health Insurance Corporation than the elders that utilize in-home care service on average. Third, primary caregivers with elders that utilize in-home care service were higher proportion of women, older, lower education level, higher rate of spouse and daughter-in-law in relationship with care recipient, less health, lower income than primary caregivers with elders that utilize care service in institutions. Fourth, subjective indicators representing caregivers' reactions to caregiving for the elderly significantly impact on caregivers' stress(ie, depression), and pathway of caregivers' stress are differentiated by type of long term care services. Fifth, stressors that have direct impacts on depression as caregiving family are differentiated by type of long term care services. Therefore, policies or programs to reduce negative mental health or stress of caregivig families should be designed differently by reflecting pathway of various stressors and stress by use types of long term care services for the elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

Objectives: Brain maturation involves brain lateralization and asymmetry to achieve efficient information processing and cognitive controls. This study elucidates normal brain maturation change during the gap between ages 6-9 and age 14-17 using resting EEG. Methods: An EEG dataset was acquired from open source MIPDB (Multimodal Resource for Studying Information Processing in the Developing Brain). Ages 6-9 (n = 24) and ages 14-17 (n = 26) were selected for analysis, and subjects with psychiatric illness or EEG with severe noise were excluded. Finally, ages 6-9 (n = 14) and ages 14-17 (n = 11) were subjected to EEG analysis using EEGlab. A 120-sec length of resting EEG when eyes were closed was secured for analysis. Brain topography was compartmentalized into nine regions, best fitted with brain anatomical structure. Results: Absolute power of the delta band and theta band in ages 6-9 was greater than that of ages 14-17 in the whole brain, and, also is relative power of delta band in frontal compartment, which is same line with previous studies. The relative power of the beta band of ages 14-17 was greater than that of ages 6-9 in the whole brain. In asymmetry evaluation, relative power of the theta band in ages 14-17 showed greater power in the left than right frontal compartment; the opposite finding was noted in the parietal compartment. For the alpha band, a strong relative power distribution in the left parietal compartment was observed in ages 14-17. Absolute and relative power of the alpha band is distributed with hemispheric left lateralization in ages 14-17. Conclusion: During the gap period between ages 6-9 and ages 14-17, brain work becomes more complicated and sophisticated, and alpha band and beta band plays important roles in brain maturation in typically developing children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was done to figure out the incidence of Korean adolescents with gender identity problem and homosexual tendency. Self esteem and sexual liberality were also checked to evaluate the relation with these problems. Method : Subjects were 1,748 adolescents (359 middle school boys, 452 middle school girls, 483 high school boys, and 454 high school girls). DSM-IV-TR gender identity disorder criteria, Kinsey's sexual orientation scale, Hudson's short form sexual liberality scale, and Halter's Self-perception profile for children were applied to them. Result : 1) $15\%$ of the middle school boys, $16.7\%$ of the high school boys, $39.4\%$ of the middle school girls, and $40.5\%$ high school girls showed gender identity problem. Incidence of mild problem was more frequent in girls, however severe problem that suggested gender identity disorder was more frequent in boys, especially in high school boys. 2) Gender identity problem group showed lower self esteem than no problem group, especially in the middle school boys (p=0.033) and high school girls (p=0.020). 3) $17\%$ of the middle school boys, $5.4\%$ of the high school boys, $17.7\%$ of the middle school girls, and $12\%$ of the high school girls showed homosexual tendency. The order of more vivid homosexual orientation incidence was as follows ; $3.3\%$ in the middle school girls, $3.1\%$ in the middle school boys, $2.1\%$ in the high school girls, and $1.7\%$ in the high school boys. 4) There was no difference in the score of sexual liberality according to homosexual tendency. In high school girl, self esteem score was lower in homosexual tendency group than that of heterosexual group (p=0.039). 5) Gender identity problem group showed higher incidence of homosexual tendency than that of gender identity formation group (p=0.001). 6) The incidence of sexual identity problem was not changed by age, but homosexual tendency was decreased with age, especially in boys. Conclusion : Adolescents with gender identity problem or homosexual tendency showed low self esteem. Therefore, more attention on systemic evaluation for early detection in school based mental health and psychiatric management for them are needed.