• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 1993

The morphogenesis of the stifle joint in Korean cattle embryos and fetuses was observed by radiography, alizarin red S stain and light microscopy. Fourty-eight(48) embryos and fetuses, ranging from 11mm to 160mm in crown-rump length (C-R L), were used for this study. The experimental samples were divided into twelve separate groups according to their C-R L. The first to the nineth group ranged from 11-100mm in C-R L, spaced at 10mm intervals. The tenth to the twelfth group ranged in C-R L from 101mm to 160mm, and were spaced at 20mm intervals. The results were as follows; 1. The first appearance of the interzone between the femur and tibia was formed in the second experimental group. The patellar ligament and cruciate ligament appeared in the third group and the patella, menisci and synovial cavity appeared in the fourth group. 2. The lateral and medial menisci were first obseved in the fourth group, and these structures showed crescent shape in the fifth group of the fetuses. 3. The first appearance of the femoro-tibial joint cavity was in the third group. The fifth group contained the first appearance of the patello-femoral cavity. Also, the femoro-tibial cavity was divided into two cavities by the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.497-500
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• 1999

A 4 years old male mixed breed dog, which weighed 25.5 kg, referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine in Chonnam National University, because of chronic hindleg lameness. Click sound by flexion and extension of stifle joint, positive reaction by cranial drawer movement, fat pad sign and tibial position in cranial drawer position on the lateral radiographic view, medial patellar luxation (grade II), and lameness score 2.5 at standing and 2 at walking in right hindleg were showed. Under general anesthesia with enflurane, after medial arthrotomy, it was performed to remove remnants of cranial cruciate ligament and torn medial menisci and joint closed. In modified retinacular imbrication technique, one lateral fabellar/tuberosity suture, one medial fabellar/tuberosity suture, and one imbrication suture adjacent to the patella were placed. At 9 days after operation, lameness score 0 was observed and general condition was excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1998

Discoid lateral menisci were common morphological anomaly and several classifications were proposed. Watanabe et al classified all discoid menisci, as seen arthroscopically, into three types 1) complete 2) incomplete and 3) Wrisberg ligament type. The purpose of this study is to report a rare case of both painful snapping knee joints in 6 year-old female. On arthroscopic examination, complete lateral discoid meniscus which consisted of taut Wrisberg ligament and intact tibial insertion of posterior horn was found, and abnormal anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) which has expanded femoral origin over the posterior articular surface of lateral femoral condyle was also found. At the time of arthroscopic surgery, hypertrophied high-riding Wrisberg ligament was resected, and expanded femoral origin of the anterior cruciate ligament was partially resected nearly to normal margin, and discoid lateral meniscus was saucerized. After these procedures, abnormal snapping sound was disappeared in full range of motion. On the follow-up examination after 1 year, pain and snapping sound were disappeared and any instability and limping were not found.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Purpose : We performed routinely arthroscopy to diagnose and treat intra-articular soft tissue pathology and tibial condylar fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical value of arthroscopy in the tibial condylar fractures. Materials and Methods : The 31 tibial condylar fractures was examed by routine arthroscopy, 9 treated by conservative method and 22 treated by surgery at least follow up of 12 months. The authors analysed to the cause, classification, soft tissue injuries such as ligaments and menisci, treatment and results. Results : The most common type was Schatzker classification type I in 15 cases$(18\%)$ and intra-articular lesions and associated ligament injury were in 21 cases$(67\%)$. Most common lesion was meniscal tear in 16 cases and most common type of meniscal lesions was peripheral detachment in 7 cases$(44\%)$. Schatzker I, II fracture patterns were associated with the highest frequency of soft tissue injuries, especially medial collateral ligament and meniscal injuries. Conclusion : Arthroscopic examination is useful method to evaluate the intra-articular pathology and to treat the tibial condylar fractures.